Territorial Domain Research Articles

Exploring Rituals as Integral Non- Material Culture of Subanens in the Zamboanga Peninsula

Subanens occupy a vast territorial domain, constituting seven major sub-groups in specific localities in the Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines. These Indigenous people perform rituals throughout the different stages of their lives. This study was conducted in Lakewood and San Miguel municipalities in Zamboanga del Sur, while in Katipunan and Mutia in Zamboanga del Norte. The research highlighted the indispensability of rituals among Subanens in the peninsula. Folk narratives were gathered orally and directly from the Subanen tribal leaders and elders as the informants of the study. Among the narratives gathered, six exemplify the conduct of rituals as a core non-material culture of Subanens. The analysis made on the narratives disclosed that rituals serve several functions aside from these Indigenous peoples’ act of reverence to God as the Supreme Being. Thus, amid the passing of time, they remain steadfast to the ritual practice as a mark of their cultural identity. More importantly, rituals are indispensable for them to perform as a means of precaution and to ensure sound well-being in their lifetime.

Ruling by information, governing by records: the spoken and written grammar of power in post-communal Italy (c. 1350–1520)

ABSTRACTRecent research has widely emphasized the role of public written records and data-managing strategies in late-medieval governmental growth. The necessity to control information and to assure that a timely stream of news and communications circulated among the various components of a composite domain became central for princes and governments. Such a need was translated into new documentary techniques and archival organization by the endless work of many professionals at various territorial levels. However, the increasing recourse to recorded information was a multifaceted phenomenon. To better understand its complexity, the essay will investigate the intersection of spoken and written strategies of information-gathering and negotiation. Secondly, the paper will also take into account the ambivalent dynamics underlying the recording of the various means required not only to rule a composite territorial domain, but also to control its administrative, judicial and fiscal geography. Whereas the use of written records became the norm for the establishment of a new political order, that practice sometimes, and for different reasons, also contributed to preserving the memory of a different past. In order to adequately capitalize on late-medieval Italy’s complexity, the essay will examine different records and different contexts. The examples will be taken from a set of composite polities in post-communal northern and central Italy (ranging from Milan to Florence or Mantua) which shared some common features, but which were also different in size, strength, ideological models and material constitution. The considered timespan will be a long Quattrocento going from the mid-fourteenth to the early sixteenth century.

Reporting land degradation sensitivity through multiple indicators: Does scale matter?

This work provides a multi-scale, multi-temporal assessment of the robustness of 6 indicators of land degradation aggregated at various spatial domains relevant to environmental reporting. Based on the Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) approach – widely used for environmental reporting of land degradation in Europe – we tested six indicators including (i) the average ESA score, (ii) the maximum ESA score, (iii) the coefficient of variation in the ESA scores, (iv) the normalized range in the ESA scores, as well as the extent of (v) ‘fragile’ and (vi) ‘critical’ areas based on a standard land classification developed on behalf of the ESA framework. Statistical robustness and intrinsic stability of these indicators were verified at six spatial domains (administrative regions, provinces, elevation belts, homogeneous economic districts, rural districts, municipalities) separately for three time points (early-1960s, early-1990s, and early-2010s). Results of a mixed parametric/non-parametric correlation analysis indicate that pair-wise relationships between indicators were mostly linear. A Principal Component Analysis identified two non-redundant dimensions associated with the average level of land degradation sensitivity and its intrinsic variability over space; indicators resulted to be associated exclusively with one of these two dimensions for all study years. Average level of sensitivity and variability over space provide, together, a comprehensive and statistically robust assessment of land degradation at vastly different planning levels, irrespective of the territorial domain adopted for environmental reporting.

Sovereignty Re-postulation: the Theatricality of Statist–National Sovereignty Wrestling in Taiwan

Abstract Statehood and sovereignty have been mutually implicating in the Westphalian international order. The spatially characteristic tenet of sovereignty has not been questioned, which collaterally fortifies the one-nation/one-state formula prescribed in modern sovereignty. However, fissures inhered in this nation-state formula are discernible, particularly when the conventional statist sovereignty has remained indefinite and inchoate. Taiwan’s statist sovereignty has been overshadowed by its undetermined statehood and indefinite territorial domain. Intriguingly, once the rigidity of statist sovereignty is lifted, the development of national sovereignty becomes irrepressible. Reinvention of national sovereignty is informed by both universal values and case-specific particularity. For the former, individualism, multiculturalism, and self-determination serve exemplary cases. For the latter, the particularity is mostly presented in the wrestling between statist and national sovereignty. Taiwan’s constitutional jurisprudence serves to verify the universal, as well as the particular development of Taiwan’s national sovereignty. However, dangers loom large, in that identity reconfiguration has been cultivated collaterally, which brings about not only a sophisticated Taiwanese consciousness, but also a more uncertain outlook for cross-Strait relations.

El "verdadero antemural de la Nueva España". Dos propuestas para la defensa de las Californias novohispanas

<p>La historia de las Californias novohispanas se inserta en el largo proceso de expansión colonialista de España. A lo largo de años y siglos, el interés por consolidar el dominio territorial de esa región estuvo marcado por los grandes mitos en torno de sus riquezas naturales, de su cercanía al fantástico estrecho de Anián y del comercio transpacífico con el Asia oriental. De ahí que la defensa militar de sus costas adquiriera una importancia capital con claras implicaciones geopolíticas, religiosas y económicas. El presente artículo aborda dos inéditas propuestas de carácter estratégico-militar, ambas con el objeto de asegurar la soberanía española en esa parte del mundo y sentar las bases de su poblamiento civil.</p>

Lazer, turismo, especulação imobiliária e conflito territorial entre São Miguel do Gostoso e Touros (RN)

O artigo analisa a relação entre o conflito territorial envolvendo os municípios de Touros e São Miguel do Gostoso (RN) e os investimentos turísticos e imobiliários. O conflito ocorreu após a revelação de um equívoco na demarcação das fronteiras entre esses municípios, quando São Miguel do Gostoso despontava como uma destinação turística. O incremento desses investimentos em toda Região Nordeste foi decorrente da transferência de capitais europeus em busca de valorização. A coleta de dados ocorreu através da consulta de documentos, da observação sistemática, entrevistas semiestruturadas e levantamento de dados cartoriais. Com o domínio territorial questionado, São Miguel do Gostoso acumulou ônus orçamentário devido a diminuição de repasses e tributos relacionados à contagem populacional e ao uso do solo urbano. Por outro lado, assumiu o encargo de prestar serviços públicos a residentes e turistas. Os investimentos tornaram-se indutores da expansão urbana, principalmente, na Ponta do Santo Cristo, área de maior disputa e expansão de investimentos imobiliários com destacada participação de estrangeiros. Assim, os investimentos ocorridos foram decisivos para desencadear o litígio, para o qual, o termo de um acordo entre os gestores foi condicionado à manutenção das terras da Praia da Ponta do Santo Cristo para Touros.

Dos meandros às serras

Entre vales, campos e serras, na região de fronteira entre os territórios administrativos de São Paulo e Minas Gerais, configurou-se uma paisagem cultural plural, multifacetada e profundamente relacionada com as possibilidades da terra. Aqui identificada por Paisagem Mogiana, local de fluxo e convergência de muitos entes entre os Século XVII e XIX, teve sua configuração e significado alterado pelo material e o simbólico. De modo amplo, as questões apresentadas contribuem para a compreensão do jogo de avanços e recuos referentes aos limites administrativos paulistas e mineiros, até meados do Século XIX. O delinear de um modo de vida às barrancas dos rios, faz surgir um tipo de sertanejo adaptado às potencialidades daquela terra, como consequência de um processo de enraizamento. Se em um primeiro momento o conhecimento sobre a paisagem esteve relacionado a um modo de vida e cultura nativa, em que as relações entre matéria e espírito se apresentavam de modo indissociável e conferiam a ela um aspecto sagrado e místico; noutro, com a inserção de novos agentes sociais e heranças diluídas de uma cultura cristã adaptada às condições hostis do sertão, teve seu significado atrelado à lendas da cultura medieval portuguesa. Em um terceiro momento, mediante os ideais progressista e cientificista, tem-se a desconstrução dos dois primeiros significados, passando a corresponder aos anseios de fiscalização, organização e avanços quanto ao domínio territorial. A passagem do segundo para o terceiro momento associa-se, também, à chegada de novos aportes tecnológicos como as linhas de telégrafos e estradas de ferro – incluindo-se como marco a promulgação da Lei de Terras, em 1850 - em conjunto, estas mudanças acabam por inserir o indivíduo sertanejo em uma nova dinâmica, sem a possibilidade de retorno à estrutura anterior.

La frontera sur de Córdoba a fines de la Colonia (1780-1809). Guerra, saber geográfico y ordenamiento territorial

La frontera del sur en la provincia de Córdoba fue escenario de conflictos interétnicos. Estas circunstancias demandaron la constitución de una línea de fuertes y fortines hacia fines del periodo colonial. Las medidas militares adoptadas en el marco de estas disputas con las sociedades indígenas que resistían el avance español se inscriben en las reformas militares y el accionar de algunos funcionarios de la Corona hispánica en la región. Este trabajo se ocupa del ordenamiento político territorial que estos implementaron en el sur de Córdoba en los años previos al proceso independentista. Su propósito es examinar la articulación de dos variables de análisis: guerra y saber geográfico, teniendo en cuenta dos aspectos manifiestos en documentos consultados, a saber, la instalación de la línea de fuertes y fortines y el reconocimiento de caminos y lugares a partir de viajes, exploraciones o campañas. Se sostiene que la política militar de frontera instaurada por los Borbones en la región sur de Córdoba dejó una marca política y social que dotó de singularidad a este espacio.

A Comissão de Linhas Telegráficas Estratégicas do Mato Grosso ao Amazonas (CLTEMTA) - 1907 a 1915: tecendo caminhos no sertão

Com o objetivo de discutir algumas das contribuições da Comissão de Linhas Telegráficas Estratégicas do Mato Grosso ao Amazonas - CLTEMTA (1907 a 1915) para os processos de apropriação e domínio territorial desenvolvidos pelo Estado Republicano nas áreas atualmente correspondentes ao Noroeste do Brasil, em Mato Grosso, no então denominado “sertão vazio”, selecionou-se nesse texto um recorte da dissertação de mestrado intitulada “O Domínio Territorial Republicano manifestado na Multiexpressividade da Comissão Rondon”, na qual pretendeu-se apontar as ações de reconhecimento territorial executadas nos primeiros anos da CLTEMTA que fortaleceram a corporatura do Estado associada ao exercício de seu poder soberano no território. Os dados apresentados foram resultantes da discussão e da análise das Conferências realizadas no ano de 1910 por Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon, as quais apresentam um importante perfil das ideologias geográficas existentes no período, cuja materialidade se faz expressa em uma representação cartográfica dos avanços obtidos nas expedições de estudos e reconhecimento, que foram determinantes para o processo de legitimação estatal em uma sociedade que se encontrava em processo de composição.
 
 Abstract
 
 THE COMMISSION OF STRATEGIC TELEGRAPHIC LINES FROM MATO GROSSO TO AMAZONAS (CLTEMTA) - 1907 TO 1915: WEAVING TRACES IN SERTÃO
 
 With the objective to discussing some of the Strategic Telegraphic Lines from Mato Grosso to Amazonas contributions – CLTEMTA (1907 to 1915) to the processes of appropriation and territorial domain developed by the Republican State in the areas currently corresponding to the Northwest of Brazil, in Mato Grosso, in the so-called “empty hinterland”, a selection of the masters dissertation titled “The Republican Territorial Domain manifested in the Multi-Pressiveness of Rondon Commission” was selected in this text, in which it was intended to point out the actions of territorial recognition executed in the first years of CLTEMTA that strengthened the state body associated with the exercise of its sovereign power in the territory. The data presented were the discussions results and analysis of the Conferences held in 1910 by Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon, which present an important profile of the geographical ideologies existing in the period, whose materiality is expressed in a cartographic representation by the advances obtained in the expeditions of studies and recognition that were decisive for the process of state legitimation in a society that was in its composition process.

La difusión del maíz y las transformaciones en el sistema agropecuario del dominio cisterciense de Alcobaça, siglos XVIII y XIX

La cultura del maíz introdujo transformaciones profundas en la economía agropecuaria del dominio alcobacense. Analizamos el impacto de la redefinición de las áreas productivas; la prioridad dada al regadío y a las necesarias intervenciones de ingeniería hidráulica llevadas a cabo en los campos; la limitación impuesta al ganado de pastoreo y el desarrollo de la estabulación; la supresión de los cultivos tradicionales y la opción por nuevos criterios de asociación y rotación agrícola; la reestructuración del espacio del desgrane, secado, ensilado y molienda en función de la alteración del cereal dominante; así como la interferencia de la nueva planta al nivel de los foros y tributación y su impacto en la dieta alimentaria. La difusión del maíz tuvo al monasterio como parte interesada, algo que se puede constatar en la planificación de áreas de cultivo y en el empeño financiero necesario para realizar obras hidráulicas, por lo que su adhesión a la novedad es testimonio de la capacidad de rentabilización y mercantilización del dominio. La planta modificó el paisaje, amplió la producción interfiriendo positivamente en la sostenibilidad demográfica, aumentó las rentas y evidenció la capacidad de adaptación de la agricultura de Antiguo Régimen.

Acquisition of Title to Territory in the Aftermath of the Use of Force in the United Nations Era: The case of the State of Israel

The territory to which the State of Israel had a title as a newly-created state corresponded to the areas allotted to Jews by the provisions of the resolution 181(II) adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on November 29, 1947, which had recommended the partition of Palestine and creation of the Arab state, the Jewish state and the City of Jerusalem as a corpus separatum. As this territorial regime had been modified during the Arab-Israeli war of 1948-1949 and Israel’s government has recognized the areas seized by it during the war as part of its territorial domain, the problem arose as to Israel’s title to those additional territories situated between the 1947 partition lines and the lines established in accordance with the armistice agreements of 1949. Due to important characteristics of the legal status of former mandatory Palestine and to the fact that considerable parts thereof became occupied territories, the process of consolidation of the title thereto required the consent of the international community as a whole. This consent has in fact been granted, both by the international community and by representatives of Palestinian Arabs, in respect of large parts of territories situated between the 1947 partition lines and the 1949 armistice lines. There are no doubts that the State of Israel has sovereign, uncontested rights to these areas. As it constitutes important departure from the generally accepted principle that the use of force in any form cannot serve as a root of title to territory, this situation is of particular interest, providing support for the view that this principle cannot be analyzed without due regard paid to those exceptional situations where the international community decided to depart from its strict application in order to safeguard stability of territorial solutions.

La regulación de los campos de golf en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía: ¿interés turístico o interés inmobiliario?

The aim of the article is make a deep dissection of the regulation existing in the autonomous community of Andalusia for the implantation of golf courses. The study shows the contradiction between the bet - declared the Decree 43/2008 - to promote the qualification of this variety of sports – for which means necessary declaring incompatible residential uses - and the special importance given to the figure of the «golf course of tourist interest» which, in reality, constitutes an excuse for perpetuating the siamese association between golf courses and residential operations that it has flooded the tourist of the Andalusian region territories , with special virulence in the territorial domain of the coast.

Las comunidades de habitantes en los fueros del Reino de León (1068-1253)

The documents that best illustrate local communities in the Kingdom of Leon between 1068 and 1253 are the fueros. Feudal lords controlled the settlement of new inhabitants, but it was the communities that ultimately accepted them on condition that they respected the seigneurial authority, be it single or manifold. The rights and duties of such local populations varied. Farming and forest uses were reserved for those who lived within the territorial domain, there being few and justified exceptions. There was a different legal status for local population and outsiders, and that entailed obligations in terms of mutual help and security in order to hold internal violence in check. Although not all the inhabitants were members of the community, it does not follow that those who did not enjoy the status of neighbours were fully excluded. Being neighbour conditioned family rights and duties regarding inheritance and revenge, as well as entailing membership of the parish.

Collective Action for Territorial Identity in Tourism: The Case Study of Two UNESCO Sites

An innovative approach not developed in management and valorisation of tourist destinations yet considers tourism heritage and related territorial identity as a common and brings attention to the implication of the logics of self-organised and self-governed collective action of the common theory applied to territorial governance. The analysis of two case studies of two UNESCO sites is developed: the Cilento, Vallo of Diano and Alburni National Park and the city of Venice. The first represents a case of territorial domain identity characterised by collaborative governance and the second is characterised by uncooperative governance. The theory of commons and self-governed collective action applied to the two cases contributes to the definition of new research pathways and suggests innovative management strategies.

El domino episcopal sobre el territorio: competencias y recursos

Este trabajo analiza las bases sobre las cuales se sustentaba la articulación eclesiástica de los espacios urbanos y rurales de la Península Ibérica entre los siglos III y VIII d. C. Con la consolidación del credo cristiano como el único y oficial del Imperio, la figura episcopal se convirtió en el patrono terrenal de las ciudades y en uno de los pocos grupos sociales que salió fortalecido tras el declive del Occidente romano. Gracias a su papel como líderes espirituales, los obispos obtuvieron un creciente poderío político y socioeconómico que les permitió ejercer una suerte de dominio territorial haciendo uso de los concilios y de las sedes episcopales como órganos de gobierno eclesiástico.

Soccer team’s tactical behaviour: Measuring territorial domain

New tactical metrics have been introduced in the last years to allow an understanding on the collective behaviour behind the results provided by notational analysis. Thus, the aim of this article was to propose a new application developed on MATLAB to understand the territorial domain of teams during the game based on players’ position and using such data analyse sectors with more variability considering the advantage or disadvantage of team players during a single match as proof of concept. As methodological approach, a total of 1508 instants of a 7-a-side soccer game were analysed. The herein proposed MATLAB application allows obtaining the differences between players from Team A and Team B. Moreover, the approximate entropy is used to assess the variability of each of the 12 field sectors. The results show that the sector with higher variability is the central offensive midfield (1.114), closely followed by the central defensive midfield (1.033). A more dynamic rapport of strength within the central sectors may be the explanation for such a higher variability. In conclusion, this study presented a new and effective application to analyse the territorial domain that can be matched with automatic tracking systems to improve their online potential.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ ФАКТОРОВ НА СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ЭКСТРАКТИВНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ В КОРЕ ЛИСТВЕННИЦЫ

The influence of anthropogenic factors on the quantitative content variation of phenolic compounds, waxes, tannins and pectins in the Siberian and Dahurian larch bark during one year is studied. It's found that the amount of phenolic compounds in the samples, prepared from Larch trees on territorial domain of Irkutsk city, is significantly greater than the other one, prepared from Larch trees of this city in 5 km. At the same time the pectin and wax content in larch bark, growing in the city domain, is slightly lower than in the sample, prepared from countryside trees.

El territorio cultural en real de catorce-wirikuta

This paper will present the case of the region of Real de Catorce-Wirikuta, that includes not only the town of that name (with mestizo population, local and national, and foreigners) but the territory known as Wirikuta, that is the sacred indigenous cultural area Wirrarika (commonly known as Huichol), as well as the natural environment with fauna and endemic flora and other settlements such as mine, mine shafts, hacienda mining profit, towns and some villages inhabited by mestizo population and others abandoned. The idea is to make the approach to the identification of the territory, its characterization, function and what holds your future, because it is currently threatened by: open-pit mining and the benefit with cyanide; “cultural peyotero” tourism and religious; wildlife traffic and benefit; and by the arrival of people from other cultures. The bases for this are in the geography, the history of appropriation of the geographical space by various cultural groups and interests, and social practices: use profane and sacred; daily and cyclic use, its significance and social resignification; and the exercise of territorial domain, property, and legislation which there opera. All of which shows the various modes of life, worldview, use and appropriation of the territory, and relationship with nature that each culture has and therefore come into confrontation by the domain of the space, but also reveals the misunderstanding of each other in all aspects.

Reef fishes foraging facilitation behavior: increasing the access to a food resource

Fishes associated in schools acquire adaptive advantages by grouping together, e.g., access to a larger variety of food resources, foraging sites, and protection against potential predators. This work presents the first record of a feeding association between the bucktooth parrotfish, Sparisoma radians and the sailor’s grunt Haemulon parra, on Tamandare reefs, Southwestern Atlantic. Through this association, S. radians gained access to otherwise unavailable food resources to be found inside territorial damselfish domain, thus characterizing an event of foraging facilitation.

Formación de un sistema productivo: los enclaves forestales de la región chaqueño-misionera (Siglos XIX-XX)

The purpose of this paper is to describe the development process of a form of production organization centered on the timber-yerba mate mill and the sawmill-tannin factory. This kind of activity developed in the North East of Argentina during the last decades of the 19 th century and the first half of the 20 th century. The term enclave is used to designate these hubs of activity with a spatial as well as a socio-economical meaning. They tended to set up a kind of physical isolation or spatial enclosure. These enclaves spread out on lands that had been recently appropriated to the indigenous communities. There they built up a territorial domain to which they gave a certain configuration that changed as the conditions of the original form of production organization developed.