Terrible State Research Articles

The “San Giacomo di Galizia” Warship Galleon (1597)—Building Narratives through an Archaeological and Historical Reading of the Ribadeo I Shipwreck

Early November 1597. After an intense combat with four enemy ships, San Giacomo di Galizia (also known as Santiago), a just over 1000-ton galleon, enters the Ribadeo harbour in a terrible state, where it wrecks. This war vessel had been built in Naples in 1590 and sailed the Mediterranean and the Atlantic until it sank. In late November 2011, during an archaeological survey of the dredge area to improve the navigation of the ports in Galicia, a large ship was found and identified as the San Giacomo, which wrecked 414 years prior to its discovery. Several archaeological campaigns permitted a thorough record of the wreck and the recovery of hundreds of objects which this ship carried on its final journey. These artefacts included ceramics, metalwork, and wood, objects which reflected the activities that occurred on board during its short life. Combining an interdisciplinary approach based on artefacts, documents, and chemical analysis, the aim of this paper is to, on the one hand, attempt to reconstruct the sailing itinerary of the ship over its period of use and, on the other, to discuss how these commodities can help to write new narratives about the activities which occurred on board.

Dystopias of Tyranny and Misogyny: The Handmaid’s Tale and The Carhullan Army

Displaying the probable future and the doom of humanity and the Earth, Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale (1985) and Sarah Hall’s The Carhullan Army (2007) are two dystopian novels that present the terrible state of women along with the degradation of the society and the nonhuman environment. Atwood’s the Republic of Gilead and Hall’s the Authority enforce an extremely oppressive, exploitative, and misogynist order on women, which corrupts the natural flow of daily life and destroys the human and nonhuman spheres. Depicting the resistance of women against tyranny through female protagonists, these novels picture dystopian worlds of chaos and destruction ruled by anthropocentric and patriarchal dictate. With this perspective, this article aims to discuss the problem of patriarchal oppression on women in dystopian societies as portrayed in The Handmaid’s Tale and The Carhullan Army from the perspectives of the feminist and ecofeminist theories.

The impact of energy efficiency on carbon emissions: Evidence from the transportation sector in Chinese 30 provinces

• Panel threshold regression model and Tapio model are developed. • Energy efficiency and urbanization have a non-linear inhibitory effects on CO 2 . • Energy efficiency can curb CO 2 more than urbanization. • Income, private car, and cargo turnover have a non-linear promotion effect on CO 2 . • CO 2 from China's transportation sector is in a terrible state of decoupling. Emissions in the transport sector are a rising source of China's carbon emissions. Curbing carbon emissions in the transport sector will be important for China to achieve its carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. To better understand the nonlinear effects of carbon emissions in the transport sector, this study investigated carbon emissions caused by the transport sectors of 30 Chinese provinces from 2005 to 2019. It combined the decoupling index with a panel threshold analysis. The results indicate that the inhibitory effect of energy efficiency on carbon emissions in the transportation industry is increasing as energy efficiency improves. Energy efficiency is expressed in terms of the GDP that can be generated by a unit of energy. When energy efficiency is below the threshold value of 0.473 million RMB/ t, carbon emissions are reduced by 0.818% for every 1% increase in energy efficiency. When energy efficiency is higher than the threshold value of 0.473 million RMB/ t, a 1% increase in energy efficiency reduces carbon emissions by 0.926%. The results also show that urbanization curbs carbon emissions from the transportation sector, but the effect of urbanization is lower than the effect of energy efficiency. As the level of urbanization increases, the inhibitory effect of urbanization on carbon emissions ranges from -0.658 to -0.743. Income growth, private cars, and cargo turnover play a nonlinear role in promoting carbon emissions. Studies have shown that carbon emissions in China's transportation sector are generally in three poor decoupling states: strong negative decoupling, declining decoupling, and expansive negative decoupling. This suggests that the inhibitory effect of energy efficiency and urbanization on carbon emissions is less than the promoting effect of income growth, private vehicles, and cargo turnover. To develop more effective policies to curb carbon emissions in the transport sector, the nonlinear effects driving carbon emissions should be carefully considered.

Natural language processing and detecting delirium

By its nature, delirium fluctuates. A patient might be fine at 1400 h and in a terrible state at 2200 h. The condition can only be diagnosed from outward signs, which makes it tricky to pick up patients who are intensely confused but docile and uncommunicative. There is no gold standard for diagnosis, but the most widely used tool is the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU).

The Noisy Silence of Gukurahundi: Truth, Recognition and Belonging

A period of terrible state repression known as ‘Gukurahundi’ indelibly marked the foundational years of the Zimbabwean nation. The perpetrators of that period still hold power. It has never been subject to an official truth-telling process, nor have the responsible actors been held accountable. Instead, irreconcilable narratives about this past have interacted and, for those subjected to violence, proliferated, producing what I call a ‘noisy silence’ at the edges of the nation. This noise rumbles on because of a perpetual failure of public recognition of the violent past, but it does so in highly varied ways and to distinct purposes. I seek to trace the history of this noisy silence from its start in the irreconcilable narratives of the 1980s, themselves powerfully rooted in earlier liberation struggle ideas and relationships, through subsequent decades. Noisy silence sat in between an official, justificatory account of Gukurahundi on the one hand and the fearful, silenced memories of individuals on the other. It occupied a productive middle ground where collective, creative efforts delineated and demanded new political possibilities and terms of belonging through truth-telling, re-imagined and mourned nations and cross-generational attempts to heal and hold perpetrators to account.

A Guide for Systems Engineers to Finding Your Role in 21st‐Century Software‐Dominant Organizations

AbstractThe decision makers in many software‐dominant organizations, such as the FAANGs (Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Netflix, and Google), evolved quickly from coders and software engineers unfamiliar with the advantage of the big‐picture view of the software and of the organizations developing the software. INCOSE's Systems and Software Interface Working Group (SaSIWG) has been reading a fable of such an organization that found itself in a typical terrible state, unable to respond quickly and effectively to customer needs, because it was tied up in a complex mess of silos, dependencies, management rules, and blame. While the book has garnered praise as the answer to many software organizations’ problems, it quite significantly omits any mention of systems engineering as well as much positive mention of architecture or project management.In response, the SaSIWG has been working on a set of tools to help first ourselves and then INCOSE systems engineers understand several important aspects of such organizations. First, how do such systems engineering‐deficient organizations work? Second, what does their terminology mean at a top level, in a way that doesn't take a computer science degree to understand or a day to look up? Third, how can a systems engineer break into the software engineering conversation and leave it without feeling defeated and overwhelmed by the unfamiliar jargon, but rather knowing they can be and have been useful? Finally, how can systems engineers plan in the long run to assist in engineering the complex system that is the software development enterprise and ecosystem? This is not always acknowledged as a system needing engineering, but it is universally acknowledged as “the problem” when it is not well engineered.This paper provides an overview of the tools that are being developed and outlines the guide that the group is hoping to create.

G.B.SHAW’S SAINT JOAN - A DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE ANCIENT AND THE MODERN WORLDS

My paper attempts to peruse Joan's religious fanaticism, reaching us through the perspective of 600 years and then filtered through Shaw's imagination, becoming the protest of a plain-spoken individual conscience. "What other judgment can I judge by but my own?" The events presented constitute the birth of the great changes that would hit the middle-aged Europe in the forthcoming decades. Indeed, if one adopts a post-colonial stance, it is quite possible to see Joan as a champion not only of Nationalism, but also of anti-colonialism. We are shown Joan's posthumous rehabilitation as an example of a modern show trial, and her original court hearing as one of history's terrible state trials. In Shaw's view Joan was, like Jesus, an agent for change, a change within the established church.When Cauchon, the Bishop of Beauvais, cries out: "Must then a Christ perish in torment in every age to save those who have no imagination?" this connection is made plain, and Joan herself endorses it when she tells the court: "I am His Child, and you are not fit that I should live among you." So Saint Joan becomes Shaw's passion play and represents Joan's life as another coming of Christ to our world. KEYWORDS: Fanaticism, nationalism, Saint Joan, torment, trial.

Cacophony of Renewable Energy as a Catalyst for Electricity Problem; Nigerian Chronicle

As the Nation demand for energy grows, various studies in the field of energy efficiency are stimulated, and one of them is certainly the use of renewable energy. The low power generation in Nigeria has ruined our development and industrialization. The country has done different things and embarked on several policies to change and improve the electricity problems but yet all without much of any result. The electricity problems has made several businesses to migrate to more natural friendly and developed countries. Besides, the terrible state of the nation’s infrastructures, for example, water supply, medical services and the distribution of petroleum products are all side effect of an economy that is insalubrious on account of the nation’s inadequacy to meet the electricity demands. The subject of electricity and the energy sector in Nigeria is a very intriguing, interesting and deserving of examination. The article looks into underlying causes of electricity problems in Nigeria and challenges facing it, coupled with the comprehensive review of how renewable energy in a lasting solution to the malady. The article discovered the vacuum created by electricity which impedes the growth and development of industrialization. The article concludes that renewable energy can conveniently fill the gaps and improve the electricity supply in the country. It proffered general solution to minimize the significant difficulties facing the power sector in Nigeria.

On precarity in academia

Precarity in academia is notoriously widespread. The main reason is certainly the fierce competition which has turned the academic job market into a meaningless jungle. It is a terrible waste, in which countless brilliant academics struggle to secure a position, often to an advanced age (when they do not leave the field altogether), with damaging consequences on their personal and psychic life. In this article I recall my own experience of this terrible state of affairs, insisting on the vicious circles in which the “outsider” trying to get in can be caught. I also comment on the hypocrisy and humiliation to which I was personally confronted, which stands in sharp contrast with the “good intentions” which can be seen everywhere in the literature. I conclude by asking tenured, privileged academics to show decency to the precarious workers of academia, who lead a difficult life and deserve respect.

МЛИН НА РІЧЦІ ПІВДЕННИЙ БУГ У МІСТІ МЕДЖИБІЖ

Mills located on the waterways of Ukraine still remain little-explored architectural monuments. The main waterway of Podillya is Southern Bug River, which is quite fast and overflowing. Being associated with the activities of mankind, the water mill was not only an industrial object, but also mythological and mysterious and had a distinctive architecture and bright decorated facades, which often distinguished it from other buildings in the city. The mill in Medzhibozh on the Southern Bug is the oldest building in the region. M. Hrushevsky pointed out the important fortification function of the mill during the siege of the city. F. Vovk and M. Sumtsov studied mills as an ethnographic component of people's life, and according to S. Taranushenko, mills together with bell towers and churches determined the nature of Ukrainian monumental folk architecture and were the main accents in village or city planning. Modern researches by M. Dolynska and R. Mohytych localize topography and investigate economic significance of mills. The Medzhibizh mill stands in the area of the upper Pobuzhye in the zone of flooding of the Southern Bug and Buzhok rivers in a wide swampy ravine. Iconography and cartography depicting the mill is uncommon, from the first drawing to reproduction in postcards and photographs there are about 10 fixations. The water mill in Medzhibozh, Khmelnytsky region, which is now in a terrible state, was explored in the summer of 2019 by an expedition of Kharkiv National University of Construction and Architecture led by PhD in architecture I.R. Akmen, T.D. Kutsenko, M.V. Rusanova. Research of the object aw well as architectural and archeological measurements are stored in the archives of the State Historical and Cultural Reserve "Mezhibizh". According to the existing appearance of the dilapidated mill with the remains of industrial culture, carrying out historical and architectural-archaeological research, as well as looking at the iconographic material, it was determined that from its inception to the state of the XXI century. the construction of the mill went through four stages: the period of active construction of the city by Mykola Senyavsky and the time of the Polish-Turkish wars (1540–1699); the period of activity of the Senyavsky family, who restored the castle and fortifications (1699–1727); the period of the Czartoryski economy and the transfer of Medzhibozh to a military unit of the Russian Empire (1730–1941); period of perestroika in the postwar period to the end of the XXbeginning of the XXI century.

Comedy of Menace in Harold Pinter’s The Birthday Party Instructor: Basaad Maher Mhayyal

Harold Pinter’s The Birthday Party (1957) clearly portrays the condition of modern man where there is a real communication failure among the characters. Through this play, Pinter tries his best to reflect this fact. He uses a lot of pauses and silences, i.e., the usage of language is no more significant to modern man. Pinter considers silence to be more powerful than the words themselves. That’s why long and short pauses can be seen throughout all Pinter’s plays. Modern man has been living in a state of alienation. All the characters are isolated by their own desire not to communicate with each other and to lock themselves away from the world. They are unable to express their feelings. Therefore modern man has buried himself in life just like the character of )Stanley( in this play who has buried himself in the boarding house in an attempt to be away from his own society after being rejected as a pianist by the people of that society. The play deals with human deterioration and the process of death. The disaster in the play does not lie in the idea of death, but in the more terrible state of being dead in life, as in )Stanley(’s case, who hides himself in a room ceasing all his relationships with life outside. This paper deals with Harold Pinter as a well-known British playwright who has his own unique style that is called Pinteresque, his language, and how he uses silences and pauses in his play The Birthday Party. It consists of an abstract, Pinter’s comedy of menace, his play The Birthday Party, and a conclusion

Medical Negligence in Nigeria: A Quick Guide on Liabilities and Remedies

In Nigeria, there is an alarming increase of medical negligence, and this is due to lack of available manpower and infrastructure in the health sector. Most Nigerians have experienced a terrible state of care by health care providers. These health care providers are generally called medical practitioners. They are qualified and appropriately registered to practice. They include any professional within the medical field, e.g. nurse, doctors, surgeons, pediatricians, pharmacists, radiologists, ophthalmologists and a host of others. Currently, there are lots of reports on social media and newspapers of harms incurred by patients as a result of the negligent care provided by medical practitioners. An empirical work by a researcher shows that 61.69% of Nigerian patients feel that medical practitioners in Nigeria are arrogant and careless about their conditions and plights. Also, 33.3% of Nigerian patients indicated that their doctor’s treatment had caused them extra injury beyond the ones that took them to the hospital. In spite of this large number of victims, the number of cases recorded or filed as lawsuits are low. The reason for low-level of claims includes a cultural notion of adverse medical events, poverty, illiteracy, limited option of treatment, reluctant to seek redress against the medical practitioner and most of all ignorance. Against this background, patients must be properly informed of their rights to claim and the possibility of instituting a suit against negligent health providers. Certainly, the quality of care may improve in Nigeria if health care providers are liable for their careless acts. It becomes apposite to closely examine the legal rights and remedies available to a patient who has been a victim of medical negligence.

Teachers for rural schools – a challenge for South Africa

Poverty is rife in many African countries and this has serious implications for the provision of quality education. Rural schools face severe challenges that are unique to their environment. A lack of parental interest in children’s education, insufficient funding from the state, a lack of resources, underqualified teachers, and multi-grade teaching are some of the barriers to effective education. These challenges can be attributed to numerous sources, from within school structures and from the external environment, including local communities and education authorities. After 25 years of democracy, educational standards and learner performance in rural schooling has shown little improvement. This study illustrates the complexity and inter-connectedness of the problems faced by teachers in South African rural schools. Using qualitative research within the interpretivist paradigm, this article explores the perceptions and experiences of teachers in rural schools located in White River in the Mpumalanga province. This grounded-theory research focuses on effective teaching and learning. The findings reveal that most rural schools do not have water, sanitation, or electricity, and classrooms are in a terrible state. These issues have serious implications for effective teaching and learning. Keywords: deployment; education level; education quality; recruitment; rural schools

Socio economic condition of migrant workers in Aligarh city, India

Migration is the movement of people from one location to another and widely associated with the change of permanent place of residence. It commonly takes place because of push factor or less opportunities in the socio economic situation and also because of the pull factors that exist in more developed areas. This mobility of man has favorably or adversely influenced not only the socioeconomic condition of the area as well but also influenced the socioeconomic condition of human life. In India, unsustainable rural livelihoods are the main reason of migration to urban areas. But those who migrate from their native place in search of better livelihood are living well below the acceptable standards. Poor housing condition, health afflictions, unhygienic living condition are some of the terrible state that the migrant workers have to face. Aligarh city is very much facing a renowned face in lock industry and in other unorganized sectors like construction and meat factory. They catch both short and long distance migrants. The present study tries to analyze the socio economic status of these migrant workers. The prime objective of the study is to examine the socio economic condition and also the causes and consequences of migration. The study is based on the primary sources of data. A total of 150 migrant workers have been interviewed by using a well structured questionnaire. The study confirms that although there is an improved income level, the living condition for most of the workers is deplorable as most of them live in poor rented houses without proper provision of hygiene and sanitation.

“Children in a Terrible State”: Understandings of Trauma and Child Sexual Assault in 1970s and 1980s Australia

ABSTRACTThe Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse has shown us the multitude of ways that children were vulnerable to sexual violence. This article explores child sexual abuse outside of institutions, and the development of concepts of trauma in Australia in the 1970s and 1980s. From the mid-1970s, there was increased social, medical and legal focus on child abuse. Driven originally by feminists, there was a new interest in the psychological impacts of abuse, including analysis of the grief, despair, fear and anger experienced by survivors. The explosion of interest in child sexual abuse was mainstreamed in the Royal Commission into Human Relationships (1974–1978) and in discussion leading up to the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child (1989). Across the 1980s, public recognition grew concerning the dangers of sexual violence against children, and, in particular, the increased knowledge and interest in intra-familial assaults. This article will chart the dramatic shifts in public consciousness around sexual abuse, particularly around ideas of harm and trauma. It will also suggest that despite a substantial change in cultural views on sexual assault, improvements for child victims were slow to filter through to the criminal justice system.

Electric Power generation crisis in Nigeria: A Review of causes and solutions

The low power generation in Nigeria had hindered her economic growth and industrialisation. The nation had carried out various reform to ameliorate the electric power crisis but all to no avail. The electric power crisis has made so many industries to relocate to more environmental friendly nations. Furthermore, the terrible state of the nation’s basic infrastructure such as water supply, health care system and petroleum product distribution are all symptom of an economy that is insalubrious because of the nations’ incapability to meet electric power demand. The subject of power generation in Nigeria is interesting, vital and worthy of investigation. Some researchers have investigated the root causes of low power generation in Nigeria and they came up with diverse factors responsible for the lingering electric power crisis. In this research, a review of previous papers in the literature on factors responsible for the low power generation in Nigeria is performed. From the survey, an all-inclusive factors affecting power generation in Nigeria are presented and discussed. On the basis of the number of authors that cited the individual factor, the whole factors are ranked and categorised. Finally, in this paper, general solutions are proffered to minimise /eliminate the major challenges confronting power generation in Nigeria. The research findings revealed that the major challenges confronting power generation in Nigeria are factors such as poor plant maintenance, aged/obsolete equipment and gas pipe line vandalism and that these challenges can be minimised/eliminated through structured maintenance methodology and adequate funding among others.

African Poetry as an Expression of Agony

This study focuses on sociological study of selected African poems as an expression of agony which seeks to addressthe issues of oppression, psychological torture, injustice, apartheid, racism oppression and man’s inhumanity to manin the society. Since series of poems of culture, love, nature and animalistic voices are mostly presented by the critics,this study has as focus poetry as an expression of agony and pain in Africa.The study therefore adopted an analytic approach in its examination of the poems. The natures of agony as well assuggested resolution to this agony in the poems are pointed out with close reference to the selected poems. Poeticdevices of the two (2) poems (Nightfall in Soweto and Peasant) are also analysed in attempt to discuss the themes ofthe poems. In conclusion, it was discovered that the poems exposed the terrible state of affairs in Africa through thepoet’s effective use of symbols and images.

The State of Irish Democracy

308 Studies • volume 106 • number 423 The State of Irish Democracy Stephen Collins In the time of Brexit and Donald Trump there is a strong temptation to fear for the future of the tolerant democratic values that have brought peace and prosperity to Ireland and the western world for the past few decades. It is nearly a century since Captain Boyle in Sean O’Casey’s Juno and the Paycock uttered the immortal line: ‘Th’whole worl’s in a terrible state o’chassis’, and the words seem particularly apt today. Yet, for all that has happened over the past few years, the world is still a far more benign place than it was at a number of junctures during the twentieth century. While Brexit and Trump have raised deeply uncomfortable questions about the future of western liberal democracy, the response of the European Union and some of its bigger member states over the past year has been encouraging. At the start of 2017 comparisons with the 1930s were commonplace, but Vladimir Putin is not Joseph Stalin and the populist demagogues that have come to the fore in many European countries are a far cry from Adolf Hitler. Whatever is happening in the world, there is no sign of the kind of tensions between large states that led to the First World War or of the aggressive nationalism that led to the Second. The stunning election victory of Emmanuel Macron in France and the continuation of political stability in Germany has shown that the centre can indeed hold, if its defenders have the vision and courage to articulate the values of parliamentary democracy in a way that ordinary voters can understand. Defending our politics The task facing the political mainstream in Ireland is to build on this EU response and convince the public that the current political system, with all its flaws, is far better than the alternative of chaos and confusion being promoted by those on the far left and far right. The first thing that defenders of the tolerant, outward looking philosophy that underpins the EU need to do is analyse why so many people in prosperous nations have voted against what appears to be their own self-interest and in favour of a return to a narrow nationalism. The far left and right are united in their hostility to globalisation, international institutions and the prevailing Stephen Collins Studies • volume 106 • number 423 309 social order. The UK is a classic example with the Conservative right and the Labour left equally dismissive of the EU. The majority of MPs in the House of Commons are probably somewhere in the middle, but the leadership in both major parties is at the extreme end of the spectrum. In one of his final speeches as Taoiseach, Enda Kenny worried about the future of Western democracies where so many people have been pushed to the hard left by anger, and to the hard right by fear. The conventional explanation for this is that it is a response to the economic crisis of 2008, the decline of traditional working class employment for men and the development of massive income inequality across the Western world. There is obviously a lot of truth in such an account. The economic crisis and the bank bailouts were the cause of widespread hardship and anxiety about the future. The apparent inability of the legal system to punish more of those in the banking and political systems, whose decisions precipitated the crash, further eroded public confidence. The increases in taxes on ordinary people and the cutbacks in social spending that were required to keep the economy from spinning out of control fuelled the mood of disillusionment and eroded support for mainstream political parties. Yet, this does not fully explain the scale or the extent of the reaction against the parties which had dominated Irish politics for so long. It is worth a serious look at the way the Irish authorities responded to the financial crisis that erupted in the autumn of 2008, a crisis that ultimately led to an EU/IMF bailout in the winter of 2010. The most immediate impact was felt by those who lost their jobs...

After the Arab Spring: Democratic Aspirations and State Failure

The popular protests that erupted in 2010 and quickly remade the political map of the Arab world surprised almost everybody. We all knew the terrible state of Arab governance, marked as it was by rents, repression and regression, still no-one predicted that the people would ever rise. For decades, the Arabs had looked like an exception to global trends towards greater participation and accountability in public life, towards more sensible economic policies and more permissive social mores. Arab societies appeared exceptional hostile to the ideals of democracy, and modernity more generally. There was a curious absence of politics, because their states were invariably authoritarian and offered no legitimate, peaceful channels for the formulation of competing interests. Repressive, inefficient and often deranged leaders ruled over unproductive, unimaginative but strongly growing societies. The so-called Arab Spring appeared to end these decades of exceptionalism and bring the Arab world back into the mainstream of global developments. The rebellions promised the return of politics and the reassertion of popular sovereignty against their corrupt and geriatric leaders. Much hope and flowery language greeted the young men and women who deposed their leaders and tried to build new, better societies. Today, the Arab world is in deep crisis. Of the 22 member states of the Arab League, at least five have essentially collapsed: Iraq, Libya, Yemen, Somalia and Syria exist only in name today, as their territories have fallen to competing, murderous armed groups. In the remaining countries, the old autocracies have reasserted themselves. The repression at home is now worsened by regional conflict on an unprecedented scale, and the resulting frustration has led to the biggest refugee flows in recent memory. What went wrong? This short course offers an overview of the structural shortcomings of Arab states and societies, which help us understand why the democratic awakening did not happen but instead “has given way to civil wars, ethnic, sectarian and regional divisions and the reassertion of absolutism.” This raises the obvious and renewed question whether there is something inherent in the Arab, and by analogy Muslim, condition that makes them special. Does this condition makes this part of the world impervious to generally observable trends towards greater accountability, popular participation in political decision-making, greater generation and fairer division of economic wealth?

Motivations for adolescent self-harm and the implications for mental health nurses.

Introduction Although self-harm is a relatively common occurrence in adolescents, there is a lack of understanding about the motivations behind it. A poor understanding of self-harm contributes to negative perceptions about those who self-harm and a poor healthcare experience. Aim & Methods This study identifies motivations behind self-harm in school-based adolescents using a cross-sectional survey. Motivations behind self-harm were elicited using a scale and open-ended responses. Results Of the 856 adolescents who completed the survey across 11 postprimary schools, 103 reported a history of self-harm. The most commonly endorsed reason for self-harm was to 'get relief from a terrible state of mind' (79%). Open-ended responses were consistent with scale responses with most reporting that they self-harmed to relieve distressing emotions. Discussion Findings provide support for the affect-regulation model of self-harm with support also demonstrated for the self-punishment and antidissociation models. There was little support for the interpersonal influence model suggesting that the commonly held belief that self-harm is attention-seeking is one attributed by others to young people, and not widely reported by young people themselves. Implications for practice Mental health services need to be responsive to the needs of young people who self-harm which requires eliciting and understanding the individual and multiple meanings behind self-harm to best inform treatment options.