Indian Terrain Research Articles

Migrant Techniques and Subversive Milieus

How do we conceive diversification in the milieu of technics? Though associated-milieu is a useful concept, the Indian terrain of techniques impels one to underscore the notion as a milieu of subversion. The paper begins with a reading of the seminal work done by Debiprasad Chattopadhaya analyzing the impediments in writing a history of ancient Indian science and technology. Whether his effort resuscitating a history of materialism succeeds in interpolating a history of techniques in India is a critique this paper explores, taking cues from Yuk Hui’s incisive reading of the perceived absence of traditions of technical thinking in China, or broadly Asia. Present paper builds on Hui’s concept of “cosmotechnics” alongside the notion of “associated milieus” of counter-cultural techniques of Yoga and Tantra. In the second half, the paper brings into view how these Indian thought and practice traditions of Tantra and Yoga as techniques of the cosmic self and the body are woven into counter-cultures eliciting a critical framework for thinking these associated-milieus as exiled and migrated milieus.

Study on Organisational Climate towards Indian Terrain Fashions Limited, Chennai

Study on Organisational Climate towards Indian Terrain Fashions Limited, Chennai

Revolutionizing Finance: Unveiling the Digital Banking Terrain in India with a Focus on ICICI Bank

Revolutionizing Finance: Unveiling the Digital Banking Terrain in India with a Focus on ICICI Bank

Rule-based fuzzy inference system for landslide susceptibility mapping along national highway 7 in Garhwal Himalayas, India

The Mountainous terrain,in the Himalayas is experiencing rapid development in a bewildering manner, which makes it more susceptible to landslides. Management and mitigation of landslide hazard begin with its mapping by integrating numerous methods and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. However, it is difficult to produce reliable landslide susceptibility maps (LSM) with traditional remote sensing and GIS methods due to complexity of the mountainous terrain environments and huge datasets. Therefore, the present study investigates the applicability of Mamdani’s fuzzy inference system (FIS) to produce LSM in Himalayan terrain in India. It is compared with commonly used frequency ratio (FR) and information value method (IVM) approaches. Several causative factors were extracted and used to prepare thematic layers, including slope, aspect, curvature, solar radiance, SPI, TWI, rainfall, soil depth and NDVI. Landslide inventory was also created using google earth images and previously published work. The accuracy estimates for FR, IVM and FIS were performed based on ROC curves. FIS was found to provide an accuracy of 77.7%, followed by IVM (72%) and FR (71%) for LSM. The current study is a prototype for further studies in the Garhwal Himalayas and similar terrains, based on the vigorous Mamdani’s techniques of fuzzy inference theory. The outcomes of this work propose that an expert’s knowledge-based FIS method can produce an accurate LSM in such a complex terrain. Planners and concerned authorities can use the results further for landslide management and mitigation.

The Execution of Psychological Autopsy to Manoeuvre Cryptic or Suicide Deaths Inquests; a Disquisition of Psychological Autopsy Praxis in Reference to the Indian Terrain

Purpose: One of the biggest issues with population health is suicide. It is an example of a self-catastrophe act brought on by a disaster that is frequently not adequately acknowledged by family, acquaintances, or the clinical community. Both sexes as well as all age groups are affected. The literature on Indian "psychological autopsy" (P.A) has not yet been the subject of any reviews. A PA procedure's core component, interview instructions, is similarly in short supply. So, the very purpose f this paper is to suggest or identify a psychological autopsy method that can fit into Indian terrain. Objective: The primary objective of this particular paper is to analyze various journal publications which deal with psychological autopsy and various novel findings from different suicide cases. Especially in India, the rate of psychological autopsy or equivocal death analysis is very low and society is not very clear about the basic use, concepts, and basic procedures of the psychological autopsy. So in this scenario, providing some basic understanding of psychological autopsy is one of the main objectives of this paper. Design/Methodology/Approach: From the beginning until June 2022, electronic searches of the pertinent topic were made using the database systems of PubMed, PsycINFO, Academia, Researchgate, and Google Scholar to find pertinent English or any other languages that had been translated into English language-reviewed articles from India as well as international writings that provided information on best practice elements in PA. Detailed checks were made to ensure that the provided summaries were legitimate. Following the retrieval of important data utilizing such a pre-configured prospectus, a semi-structured discussion outline was produced. The findings of investigations conducted both domestically and abroad on the subject matter have been carefully as well as scientifically compiled. Every scientific journal article finding received a rigorous, systematic, and scientific examination in order to increase the scientific soundness, reliability, as well as accuracy of this document. We gathered the opinions of several knowledgeable professionals in order to boost the originality and dependability of this article. Findings/Result: In order to describe the PA method, several genuine publications, including clinical studies, as well as several clinical reviews/expert comment writings were discovered in India. To evaluate threat elements related to suicidal behavior, the majority of research conducted in India focuses on suicide PA (SPA). The documented proportions of mental illness among suicide-direct descendants varied widely, and potentially distressing circumstances were the other important threat component for suicidal thoughts in the Indian context. The optimum time to tackle PA is presumably between five and a half years following the event when facts may be methodically gathered from selected respondents and certain other resources utilizing a narrative interviewing style, coupled with psychometric evaluations. Originality and Value: The components of physical autopsy analytical methods and psychological autopsy analytical methods were combined in a creative and comprehensive effort. It is hypothesized that a more accurate and scientific way of identifying a particular suicide case can be achieved by combining the two different clinical system dimensions. For reliable results, physicians should combine psychological autopsy data with information from physical autopsies and forensic chemical tests. Paper Type: Clinical analysis paper

The Execution of Psychological Autopsy to Manoeuvre Cryptic or Suicide Deaths Inquests; a Disquisition of Psychological Autopsy Praxis in Reference to the Indian Terrain

The Execution of Psychological Autopsy to Manoeuvre Cryptic or Suicide Deaths Inquests; a Disquisition of Psychological Autopsy Praxis in Reference to the Indian Terrain

Review of battery thermal management for electric vehicles in Indian regions

Internal combustion engines run automobiles have become indispensable due to their versatility in accommodating both liquid and gaseous fuels derived from petroleum reserves. Extensive use of these stored fuels main sources of ground level greenhouse gases due to their in complete combustion due to many reasons. Researchers and manufacturing units of automobiles have been trying their best to meet as per strict emission norms while incorporating after treatment devices and alternative fuels. However, due to non-compliance of emission norms, many nations are seriously shifting towards electric mobility. Battery, electric motor and fuel cell units have become the target for meeting energy demand for electric vehicles. Among various types of batteries, lithium-ion batteries, because of its high specific energy and light weight, have become major source for almost all variants of electric vehicles. But lithium-ion batteries are very sensitive to change in temperature. Due to its usage being exposed to different operating conditions and ambient, thermal runaway has become predominant issue. Thermal runway has become major cause of hazardous accidents. Proper thermal management is essential to maintain lithium ion battery in the range of 15 °C to 40 °C with temperature difference among cells inside the battery pack less than 5 °C, for majority of regions of Indian terrain. Between internal and external thermal management systems, external system is more preferable. With air cooling unit has emerged as effective. The present paper reviews various external battery thermal management systems including active, passive, air, liquid, phase change material and heat pipe-based systems.

Autonomous Car for Indian Terrain

In recent years, autonomous vehicle (AV) technology has improved dramatically. Self-driving cars have the potential to transform urban mobility in India by offering sustainable, convenient, and congestion-free transportation. However, India confronts challenges such as potholes and the need for enhanced lane detection to make autonomous vehicles a reality. The project's central goal is to create a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) model that can scan and identify its surroundings and move. This paper proposes a project which is accomplished by training CNN with a dataset of images and videos to perform advanced lane identification, pothole recognition, and sophisticated object detection.

17000 ft Foundation – embracing inclusion at remote altitudes

Learning outcomes The case is structured to achieve the following learning objectives: ■ to assess how an intuitive response to social need can be complemented with a methodical approach to social entrepreneurship; ■ to analyse the importance of business model canvas from the social sector lens; ■ to evaluate the value created by a small NPO 17000 ft Foundation; ■ to analyse the core elements of a business model for success in the social sector; and ■ to assess and evaluate the options for an early-stage NPO to engage in scaling for a systemic impact. Case overview/synopsis 17000 ft Foundation (hereafter referred to as 17000 ft) is a not-for-profit (NPO) organisation incepted in 2012 by Sujata Sahu, with the objective of supporting education of children living at high altitudes in remote villages of Ladakh, India. It is an effort that contributes toward objectives of clause 6.1 on educational inclusivity in the new National Education Policy 2020 of India. The case study is set in the context of Indian education, with all its challenges. It describes how Sujata Sahu was motivated to start the Foundation and how it developed to become a complex organisation working on different education-related projects simultaneously. The Foundation’s business model is interesting and unique. It leverages digital technologies to develop a network of interconnected activities, involves local communities and uses an extensive network of different kinds of stakeholders to impact a change in the quality of education in government schools in these remote villages. The case provides a solid basis for the discussion of the vital role of NPOs such as 17000 ft (in emerging economy) which is creating social and economic value for the remote villages of Ladakh, India. The new NEP 2020 argues for equity and inclusivity in education for all, but it failed to provide a blueprint for the implementation process. On the other hand, 17000 ft with its small team was invested and experimental in its approach. It had been working on the same cause of educational inclusivity. They had piloted a quality education business model for the harshest and remote Indian terrains and proven its positive impact. What were some of the core elements that had led them to success so far? The announcement of NEP 2020 provided a new ray of hope. How could they contribute and work together with the government to impact inclusive education and development in India? What collaborative mechanisms could possibly help them replicate their proven business model across the 1,000 schools of Ladakh and beyond? How could they scale for a systemic impact? After all, a nation as big as India required multiple strategies and multiple stakeholders from NPOs, private companies, government agencies, educational institutions, etc. to work collaboratively to bridge the inclusion and equity gaps in education. Complexity academic level The case can be used in graduate and executive education courses in entrepreneurship and strategic management. It can also be used for executive sessions at incubation centres for NPO start-ups and is aimed at early-phase social entrepreneurs. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

Disasters and Hazards: Risk Reduction, Mitigation and Management

Disasters and Hazards: Risk Reduction, Mitigation and Management

Rickettsiae in fleas infesting domestic pets of eastern Himalayan terrains of India.

Flea-borne rickettsioses have been limitedly explored in the Indian sub-Himalayan belt, including the North Eastern Region (NER) of India. This study investigates the presence of rickettsiae hosts and their probable pathogens in the disease-endemic hilly state of the NER of India. Entomological surveys were carried out in disease-reporting localities in a hilly state in India. Fleas collected from domesticated animals were processed for detection of a Rickettsia-specific 17-kDa gene. Sequence analysis revealed Rickettsia felis in six flea pools (40%), Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis in two pools (13.3%) and Rickettsia asembonensis in one pool (6.6%). Our findings suggest Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis and Pulex irritans as potential carriers of R. felis and R. felis-like organisms in India.

Design Consistency Evaluation of Two-Lane Rural Highways in Hilly Terrains

The main objective of the geometric design consistency is to minimize the emergence of unforeseen events when road users drive along a road segment. A consistent highway design ensures that successive geometric elements act in a coordinated way. In India, vehicles with diverse static and dynamic characteristics interact with each other leading to a significant difference in traffic flow operations compared to highways in developed countries. Due to the heterogeneity in traffic flow, geometric consistency would vary significantly by vehicle category for similar curve characteristics. The present study analyzes geometric design consistency by vehicle and develops vehicle category-based design consistency models for mixed traffic environments on two-lane rural highways in hilly terrain in India. A total of 30 curves with varying geometric characteristics located along the National Highway (NH-953) connecting Netrang and Rajpipla, Gujarat, India, were selected. Speed data were collected using radar gun for three vehicles category: motorized two-wheelers (MTW), cars, and heavy commercial vehicles (HCV). Geometric design consistency was evaluated using operating speed as a surrogate safety measure. The results showed that 38% and 10% of the curves (for cars), 51% and 20% of the curves (for MTW), and 32% and 51% of the curves (for HCV) have ratings of fair and poor consistency, respectively. Design consistency models for different vehicle categories were developed using the generalized linear regression modelling (GzLM) technique. The results showed that the deflection angle is positively correlated, whereas curve and tangent lengths are negatively correlated with highway alignment design consistency.

A study on the hydrogeochemical mechanisms controlling groundwater fluoride enrichment in Jaipur: a semi-arid terrain in India

ABSTRACT The main objective of this research paper was to find out the major governing factors controlling fluoride enrichment in groundwater resources in the Jaipur region of India. Chemical analysis of collected water samples revealed that 36% of the collected groundwater samples exhibit fluoride concentration of more than 1.5 mg/L as per BIS, 10,500 and WHO, 2017. An attempt has been made to discuss occurrence of fluoride alongside its spatial distribution in the study area with respect to geology and groundwater flow direction. Chloroalkaline indices, Gibb’s plot, Piper diagram and various inter-ionic bivariant plots have been applied to recognize hydrochemical processes and dissolution trends resulting in high concentration of fluoride in groundwater. There exist five water types in the study area: Ca-HCO3, Na-HCO3, Na-Cl, Ca-Mg-Cl and Ca-Na-HCO3. Due to ion association of excess Cl− emanating from wastewater, Na-HCO3 type water finally gets changed as Na-Cl type in aquifer. In the study area, 82% of water samples enriched in F− concentration (>1 ppm) pertain to Na-Cl type. Geochemical modelling confirms that reduced Ca2+ ion activity due to oversaturation of calcite with respect to fluorite might have triggered the favourable condition for dissolution of fluoride bearing minerals leading to fluoride enrichment in groundwater. To further assess the extent of natural and anthropogenic processes, the data was subjected to multivariate statistical analysis by performing correlation analysis, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis.

THE PHYSIOGRAPHY OF INDIA: AN OVERVIEW

Physiography is a field of geography that studies the physical patterns and processes of the Earth, such as geomorphology, hydrology, soil, rocks, biogeography, and the effects of tectonic forces on landscapes. This paper aimed to discuss the physiographic characteristics of India due to its diverse geographical features by using a systematic search and collection of publications and secondary data. The characteristics of India's physiography were discussed descriptively and visually. This study highlights the fundamental physiographic divisions, sub-divisions, and socioeconomic functions of each type of terrain in India, including the northern mountain range, northern plains, peninsular plateau, coastal plains, and islands (the eastern and western coastal plains, Andaman and Nicobar islands). This overview concluded that the physiography of India is complex, heterogeneous and could be categorized into four divisions with distinct characteristics. In detail, the Himalayan Range is a mountainous region in the northern part of the country which produced by the fold mountain processes. Meanwhile, the Indo-Gangetic Plain was well recognised for its extensive agricultural activities contributed by the Ganges River. India's diverse landforms had a profound impact on the country's cultural and economical development. On the other hand, this study also demonstrated that the plateau region in the country's southern and central regions was geographically diversified. The different landscapes of India influenced the socioeconomic characteristics of the Indian society and consequently supported national development of India.

Geospatial mapping of groundwater potential zones using multi-criteria decision-making AHP approach in a hardrock basaltic terrain in India

Among all other natural resources, groundwater is one of the most essential for environmental, biological, and socioeconomic activities. Several factors such as geology, distance from the river, geomorphology, slope, land-use, drainage density, lineament density, soil, and rainfall influence groundwater recharge and its availability. In this study, an integrated approach of Geographical Information System (GIS) based Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and remote sensing were used for geospatial mapping of groundwater. For the determination of influencing factors, an extensive literature review was considered to form a pairwise comparison matrix (PCM) and calculate the weight of each factor. The scores of the sub-parameters were also assigned based on published literature, and after that, the weighted overlay analysis (WOA) tool in ArcGIS10.1 was used to produce the final groundwater potential map. About 14% (684 km2) of the study area is recognized as ‘high groundwater potential zone’, 34% (1591 km2) in ‘moderate groundwater potential zone’, 27% (1291 km2) in ‘low groundwater potential zone’ and the remaining 24% (1141 km2) in ‘poor groundwater potential zone’. In the accuracy assessment, the groundwater potential zones i.e. high, moderate, and poor in suitability map is precisely estimated contrasting to the zone ‘low’ in the producer’s point of view, but high and poor groundwater zones detected more precisely compared to others in user’s point of view. The methodology, techniques, and results of the current investigation may be useful to evaluate the groundwater potential zone in similar drought-prone regions around the world.

Understanding Volumetric Water Storage in Monsoonal Wetlands of Northeastern Bangladesh

AbstractThe volume of water stored in seasonal wetlands is a fundamental but difficult to measure variable for developing a physical understanding of wetland behavior. For seasonal wetlands that are a major source of water for rice and fish production, this physical understanding is key to planning for water‐food security and ecosystem services. This study quantified variations in volumetric storage for the numerous seasonal wetlands of northeastern Bangladesh, locally known as “haors.” These haors receive transboundary runoff from densely vegetated and mountainous terrain in India and face persistent monsoonal cloud cover as they become full. We estimated volumetric storage for 13 haors by using extensive remote sensing data on water surface extent and elevation that was complemented with citizen‐contributed gauge data. Assuming a trapezoidal bathymetry, an area‐volume relationship was developed for selected haors. This relationship was assumed to be valid for extrapolating volumetric estimations over all the haors in the region. Results suggested that as haors get filled with the onset of monsoon rains, total estimated storage relative to the lowest observable level varied from 6.5 (±0.4) km3 in May to 30.9 (±2.0) km3 in July (peak of monsoon). Choosing a rectangular bathymetry can lead to 47% higher estimates compared to trapezoidal cross section. Estimating this intra‐annual/interannual increase in storage is important for the region to plan water management policies that balance the human and ecosystem needs. Our analytical approach has potential for application to wetlands worldwide in light of the upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission.

Influence of Natural Fibres in Strengthening of Black Cotton Soil

The expansive soil like black cotton soil spread over southern Indian terrain. As a fast-growing nation like India, the need for infrastructure activities quickly takes place. For better structural capacity the geotechnical features are important. The soil stabilization is a technique in the part of improving the soil engineering properties like California Bearing Ratio (CBR), shear strength and compaction factors. In the present study, the black cotton soil stabilized with fibres to improve the engineering properties of soil. The study carried with natural fibres like sisal, banana and jute fibres. The ratio of 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% added in the dry weight of soil fraction with the soil for the strength gaining. The addition fibres increase the strength in the reasonable value for CBR up to 21.55% in 0.4% of banana, 0.6% of sisal and 0.6% of jute fibre combination. Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) increased up to 20% for the same combination. The results provide the combined scattered fibre effect to increase the strength parameters of soil.

Essential Workflow and Performance Measures for Optimizing Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment in India.

Essential Workflow and Performance Measures for Optimizing Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment in India.

Selection of Suitable Genotypes of Urdbean (Vigna mungo L.) for Targeted Environments of Hilly Terrains of India using GGE Biplot and AMMI Analysis

Understanding of genotypic interactions is highly instrumental in urdbean towards identification of suitable genotypes with wider adaptability. Therefore, present experiment with 20 diverse urdbean genotypes was executed over three environments in northern hilly terrain under rainfed conditions. AMMI analysis revealed that environments (E), genotypes (G) and G x E interaction effects were found significant for grain yield (GY). The environment, genotypes and their interactions accounted 46.29%, 25.9% and 22.23% of the total variation. The interaction principal components Axis 1(IPCA 1) and IPCA 2 of AMMI were founds significant (P less than 0.01) for GY based on Gallob’s test. The IPCA1 accounted more than 89% of the G x E interactions effects for the GY. In GGE biplot PC1 and PC2 captured 99.3% of the total variations. Based on GGE and AMMI biplots the genotypes with wider adaptability were VBG 12-034(G7), IPU 13-3(G16) and COBG 13-04(G13). These genotypes are suitable for hilly terrains of northern India and can be further utilized as donor in future urdbean improvement programme.

An empire of glass: Cracks in the foundations of Kipling's India

Rudyard Kipling's Kim is a novel that attempts to reconcile Kipling’s love for India, and his knowledge that his presence was undesired. It presents an ideal vision of colonial India, a seductive fantasy that portrays British control as solid and unshakeable, built on foundations of stone. But this empire of stone is an illusion, and the reality that haunts Kipling’s fantasy exposes its true fragile nature. This article examines the concept of the Great Game, as well as the players that partake in it, suggesting that these elements betray the unease that haunts Kipling’s fantasy—they expose the fact that all is not as it seems. The Game, for example, is concerned with knowledge, with knowing. The knowledge it seeks, however, is so concerned with the Indian people and terrain that it becomes apparent that the Great Game is not about keeping the Russians out, so much as it is about keeping the British in. In addition, the players of the Great Game (Kim and Hurree Babu in particular) are riddled with an ambivalence that makes their allegiances unclear, and a mimic nature that makes their identities even more uncertain. These two elements combine, creating a sense that while Kipling attempts to depict India as certain, unchanging and constant in Kim, the reality is rather different. As this article argues, Kim betrays the fact that the British did not build an empire of stone, but one of glass, and that the hold they had over India—one that seemed so unshakeable—was in fact incredibly tenuous.