Ternary Mixtures Of 2-propanol Research Articles

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria for the binary and ternary mixtures of 2-propanol, water, and 1,3-propanediol at P = 101.3 kPa: Effect of the 1,3-propanediol addition

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) at P=101.3kPa have been measured for the ternary system of 2-propanol+water+1,3-propanediol and its constituent binary systems of 2-propanol+water and 2-propanol+1,3-propanediol using an equilibrium still with circulation of both vapor and liquid phases. The ternary system of 2-propanol+water+1,3-propanediol was prepared with three mass fractions (0.10, 0.30, and 0.50) of 1,3-propanediol in the overall liquid mixtures. The equilibrium compositions of mixtures were analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography. The liquid activity coefficients were obtained using the modified Raoult's law. The relative volatilities of 2-propanol to water were also determined. The results showed that the azeotropic point of 2-propanol+water can be eliminated when the mass fraction of 1,3-propanediol in the liquid phase is up to 0.50. Thermodynamic consistency tests were performed for the VLE data of these two binary systems. The new binary and ternary VLE data were successfully correlated with the Wilson, non-random two-liquid (NRTL), and universal quasi-chemical activity coefficient (UNIQUAC) models. The models with their best-fitted interaction parameters of the binary systems were used to predict the ternary VLE data. A comparison of model performances was made by using the criterion of mean deviations in boiling point and in vapor-phase composition.

Physical Properties of Binary and Ternary Mixtures of 2-Propanol, Water, and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquid

Refractive indices and densities of the 2-propanol + water + 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]) ternary system have been measured at 298.15 K. Physical properties of 2-propanol + water and water + [bmim][BF4] binary mixtures have also been measured at the same temperature, whereas the 2-propanol + [bmim][BF4] mixture has been measured at 323.15 K, because the total miscibility for this mixture is achieved above this temperature. Molar volume and excess properties have been calculated from the experimental data to analyze the behavior of the mixtures. The refractive index has been correctly adjusted to a third-order polynomial expansion model, whereas density has been adjusted to a second-order equation. Excess molar volumes and refractive index deviations have been successfully fitted to the Redlich–Kister model.

(Vapour + liquid) equilibria for binary and ternary mixtures of 2-propanol, tetrahydropyran, and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at P = 101.3 kPa

(Vapour + liquid) equilibrium (VLE) at P = 101.3 kPa have been determined for a ternary system (2-propanol + tetrahydropyran + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane) and its constituent binary systems (2-propanol + tetrahydropyran, 2-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane), and (tetrahydropyran + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane). Analysis of VLE data reveals that two binary systems (2-propanol + tetrahydropyran) and (2-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane) have a minimum boiling azeotrope. No azeotrope was found for the ternary system. The activity coefficients of liquid mixtures were obtained from the modified Raoult’s law and were used to calculate the reduced excess molar Gibbs free energy ( g E/ RT). Thermodynamic consistency tests were performed for all VLE data using the Van Ness direct test for the binary systems and the test of McDermott–Ellis as modified by Wisniak and Tamir for the ternary system. The VLE data of the binary mixtures were correlated using the three-suffix Margules, Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC activity-coefficient models. The models with their best-fitted interaction parameters of the binary systems were used to predict the ternary (vapour + liquid) equilibrium.

Densities, viscosities, refractive indices, and surface tensions for binary and ternary mixtures of 2-propanol, tetrahydropyran, and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane

Densities, viscosities, refractive indices, and surface tensions of the ternary system (2-propanol + tetrahydropyran + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane) at T = 303.15 K and its constituent binary systems (2-propanol + tetrahydropyran, 2-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and tetrahydropyran + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane) at T = (293.15, 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15) K were measured at atmospheric pressure. Densities were determined using a vibrating-tube densimeter. Viscosities were measured with an automatic microviscometer based on the rolling-ball principle. Refractive indexes were measured using a digital Abbe-type refractometer. Surface tensions were determined by the Wilhelmy-plate method. From these data, excess molar volumes, deviations in viscosity, deviations in refractive index, and deviations in surface tension were calculated. The results for the binary and ternary systems were fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation and the variable-degree polynomials in terms of compositions, respectively. The experimental and calculated quantities are used to study the nature of mixing behaviour between mixture components.

Vapor−Liquid Equilibria of Binary and Ternary Mixtures of 2-Propanol, 1-Chlorobutane, and Acetonitrile at 101.3 kPa

Vapor−liquid equilibria were measured at 101.3 kPa for three binary mixtures and one ternary mixture of 2-propanol, 1-chlorobutane, and acetonitrile. Thermodynamic consistency of data for the three binary mixtures was tested using the Herington method. The Soave−Redlich−Kwong equation of state was used to calculate the vapor-phase fugacity coefficients. The experimental vapor−liquid equilibrium data were reduced, and binary parameters for four activity coefficient models, such as van Laar, Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC, were fitted. The four models with their best-fitted parameters were used to predict the ternary vapor−liquid equilibria. A comparison of model performances was made by using the criterion of absolute average deviations in boiling point and in vapor-phase composition.

Vapor—liquid equilibria of 2-propanol + water + N,N-dimethyl formamide

The dehydration of 2-propanol using N,N-dimethyl formamide as an extractrive distillation agent has been investigated by measuring the isothermal vapor—liquid equilibria of binary and ternary mixtures of 2-propanol, water and N,N-dimethyl formamide at 353.15 K. Our binary data are correlated with five activity coefficient models. The predictions of the multicomponent forms of these models using only binary data and the UNIFAC model are then compared with our ternary data. The Margules and Wilson models with two parameters for each binary pair were found to give the best agreement with the experimental ternary data. Our results show that N,N-dimethyl formamide can be used for the dehydration of 2-propanol.