Ternary Hybrid Nanocomposites Research Articles

Advanced ternary carbon-based hybrid nanocomposites for electromagnetic functional behavior in additive manufacturing

This study explores the processing and performance of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)-based carbon ternary hybrid nanocomposites, incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), and carbon black (CB), for applications in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). The effect of nanocomposite processing on electromagnetic properties was evaluated by varying the mixing protocol, either through direct extrusion with simultaneous addition of all constituents or by preparing a master batch followed by dilution. The impact of nanofiller morphology and processing techniques on the behavior of nanocomposites was systematically investigated. Filaments of these nanocomposites were Additive Manufactured via Material Extrusion, and the resulting parts were evaluated for EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) in the X-band frequency range. The study reveals that the morphology, influenced by the processing strategy, significantly impacts the EMI SE properties of the printed samples. Particularly, ternary hybrids 3/3/3 wt% (CNT/GNP/CB) nanocomposites demonstrate promising electrical (0.003 S/cm), electromagnetic (29 dB of total attenuation), and mechanical performance (elastic modulus of 3080 MPa), with a clear advantage observed in those processed via direct extrusion. These nanocomposites were validated as feedstock filaments for 3D printing, and the printed sample exceeds the injection molded behavior for the composition 3/3/3 wt% (CNT/GNP/CB), achieving 40 dB of total attenuation at 11.8 GHz. The findings contribute valuable knowledge into tailoring nanocomposite formulations for additive manufacturing applications in EMI shielding, providing a nuanced understanding of the interplay between processing strategies, nanocomposite morphology, and resulting material properties.

Flexible piezo-resistive strain sensors based on silver nanowires and graphene nanoplatelets reinforced polydimethylsiloxane for human motion detection

In this work, flexible sensors consisting of silver nanowires (Ag NWs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are fabricated using a straightforward, affordable, and simple solution processing technique. The performance of the flexible devices with structure Ag NWs/GNP/PDMS has been studied, in which Ag NWs/GNP-based ternary conductive hybrid nanocomposites are used as acting sensing layers. The diameter of Ag NWs and flake size of GNPs were determined to be 80–160 nm and 30–190 nm, respectively. The Raman peaks of Ag NWs within the composite are appeared at 392.08, 482.12, 543.7, 679.42 and 854.87 cm−1. The peaks existing at 1317.68, 1565.36 and 2639.75 cm−1 represent the D, G and 2D bands of GNP, respectively. The gauge factor is determined to be 865 within the strain range of 0–71 %. The response and recovery time of the fabricated sensor are calculated to be 101 and 110 ms, respectively. The sensor exhibits a minimum detectable limit of 0.8 %. The sensor shows a highly reproducible response for more than 1150 bending and stretching cycles suggesting long-term durability which may be attributed to the Ag NWs/GNPs conductive networks for significant strengthening the hybridisation with PDMS. Different human activities, viz. finger bending, stretching, mouse/mobile screen scrolling, swallowing through the throat and drinking are monitored by the fabricated Ag NWs/GNP/PDMS-based flexible strain sensor, indicating promising applications in wearable electronics.

Surface modified of chitosan by TiO2@MWCNT nanohybrid for the efficient removal of organic dyes and antibiotics

Considering the increase in the discharge of industrial effluents containing dyes and antibiotic resistance as a consequence of increasing the prescription and easy distribution of antibiotic drugs at the global level, designing efficient, biodegradable and non-toxic absorbents is necessary to reduce environmental harm effects. Herein, we present a series of novel eco-friendly ternary hybrid nanocomposite hydrogels CS/TiO2@MWCNT (CTM) composed of chitosan (CS), TiO2, and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) for removal of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) and common antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) in aqueous medium. The combination of MWCNT and TiO2 improves the physicochemical properties of CS hydrogel and increases the adsorption capacity toward pollutants in the presence of different loadings. CTM hydrogel showed a specific surface area of 236.45 m2 g−1 with a pore diameter of 7.89 nm. Adsorption mechanisms were investigated in detail using kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies of adsorption as well as various spectroscopic techniques. Adsorption of these pollutants by CTM nanocomposite hydrogel occurred using various interactions at different pHs, which showed the obvious dependence of CTM adsorption capacity on pH. Electrostatic attractions, complex formation, π-π stacking and hydrogen bonds played a key role in the adsorption process. The adsorption of MB, MO, and CIP was fitted with the Langmuir isotherm with maximum adsorption capacities of 531.91, 1763.6, and 1510.5 mg g−1, respectively. CTM had a minor decrease in adsorption strength and showed good structural stability even after 8 adsorptions–desorption cycles. The total cost of producing a 1 kg adsorbent was calculated to be $ 450, which helped us determine the economic feasibility of the adsorbent in large-scale applications.

Pore size, conductivity and surface area effects of rGO/ZnO/PTh hybrid nanocomposite for supercapacitors

This paper presents an easy and low-cost synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Zinc oxide (ZnO) as binary nanocomposite (rGO/ZnO) and rGO, ZnO and polythiophene (PTh) as ternary hybrid nanocomposite (rGO/ZnO/PTh). Firstly, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized from modified Hummers method. And it was reduced by microwave-assisted method to form as reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Polythiophene (PTh) was chemically synthesized to comparison with nanocomposites. Secondly, binary nanocomposite of rGO/ZnO were synthesized by probe-sonication method. Thirdly, rGO/ZnO/PTh hybrid nanocomposite was chemically synthesized using FeCl3 as an oxidant. All these materials were examined by many different techniques, such as FTIR-ATR, SEM-EDX, TGA-DTA, BET, Four-point probe analysis, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. The average pore width, conductivity and specific capacitance values were comparatively investigated to understand these effects on electrochemical performances of supercapacitor devices.The highest specific capacitance (Csp) was obtained as Csp = 430 F/g for rGO/ZnO nanocomposite at a scan rate of 2 mV/s. Moreover, it also shows a good charge/discharge performance (up to 1000 cycles) with 98.43 % capacitance retention at a scan rate of 100 mV/s by CV method. However, GCD and EIS methods have showed the highest specific capacitances as Csp = 85.6 F/g at 10 A/g, and Csp = 25.8 F/g for both hybrid rGO/ZnO/PTh nanocomposites, respectively. In addition, a new equivalent circuit model [R1(C1(Rct(C2R2)))] was suggested to interpret the EIS data for supercapacitor devices. As a results, both binary and ternary nanocomposites may be recognized as electrode materials with three different methods (CV, GCD and EIS) in supercapacitor applications.

Ternary Holey Carbon Nanohorn/Potassium Chloride/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanohybrid as Sensing Film for Resistive Humidity Sensor

The study presents findings on the relative humidity (R.H.) sensing capabilities of a resistive sensor. This sensor utilizes sensing layers composed of a ternary nanohybrid, consisting of holey carbon nanohorn (CNHox), potassium chloride (KCl), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), with mass ratios of 7/1/2, 6.5/1.5/2, and 6/2/2 (w/w/w). The sensing structure comprises a silicon substrate, a SiO2 layer, and interdigitated transducer (IDT) electrodes. The sensing film is deposited on the sensing structure via the drop-casting method. The sensing layers’ morphology and composition are investigated through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and RAMAN spectroscopy. The resistance of thin-film sensors based on ternary hybrids increased with exposure to a range of relative humidity (R.H.) levels, from 0% to 100%. The newly designed devices demonstrated a comparable response at room temperature to that of commercial capacitive R.H. sensors, boasting excellent linearity, swift response times, and heightened sensitivity. Notably, the studied sensors outperform others employing CNHox-based sensing layers in terms of sensitivity, as observed through manufacturing and testing processes. It elucidates the sensing mechanisms of each constituent within the ternary hybrid nanocomposites, delving into their chemical and physical properties, electronic characteristics, and affinity for water molecules. Various alternative sensing mechanisms are considered and discussed, including the reduction in holes within CNHox upon interaction with water molecules, proton conduction, and PVP swelling.

Flexible piezo-resistive strain sensors using all-polydimethylsiloxane based hybrid nanocomposites for wearable electronics.

We report flexible piezo-resistive strain sensors composed of silver nanoparticle (Ag NP), graphene nanoplatelet (GNP), and multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based ternary conductive hybrid nanocomposites as an active sensing layer fabricated using a simple solution processing method on flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. The electrical characteristics have been studied in PDMS-based flexible devices having three different kinds of structures, namely Ag NPs/MWCNT/PDMS, GNP/PDMS and Ag NPs/GNP/PDMS. The microscopic analysis of the hybrid nanocomposites is undertaken using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The diameter of the CNTs is found to be in the range of 20-40 nm, whereas the length is determined to be 100-800 nm. The average diameter and length of the GNPs are observed to be 30-50 nm and 100-500 nm, respectively. The crystallite size of the silver nanoparticles in the Ag NPs/MWCNT/PDMS and Ag NPs/GNP/PDMS-based nanocomposites is determined to be 22.8 nm and 29.1 nm, respectively. The prepared sample of Ag NPs shows four distinct peaks in the X-ray diffraction pattern, which correspond to the (111), (200), (220), and (311) face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline planes. Raman spectroscopy is undertaken to study the fundamental physical properties and chemical analysis of the nanocomposites. Ag NPs/GNP/PDMS-based sensors exhibit superior performance in terms of sensitivity, response and recovery time during breathing/unbreathing analysis. The large surface area of the Ag NPs and GNPs promotes uniform distribution of Ag NPs to fill into the porous GNP surface, thereby facilitating high contact area along with better electron transport in the Ag NPs/GNP/PDMS hybrid nanocomposite-based sensors. The gauge factor (GF), response and recovery time of the Ag NPs/GNP/PDMS hybrid nanocomposite-based sensors are determined to be 221, 130 ms and 119 ms, respectively. The ternary conductive nanocomposite-based sensors are free from the drawbacks of binary nanocomposite-based sensors where the high percolation threshold and poor mechanical behaviour lead to the degradation of the device performance.

Magnetically separable NiZn-ferrite/CeO2 nanorods/CNT ternary composites for photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants

Water scarcity and contamination are the foremost global one health challenges, which require immediate nano/biotechnology–based innovative interventions. Hybrid nanocomposites have emerged as novel nanoplatforms for wastewater remediation through photocatalytic degradation of persistent organic pollutants. This unprecedented study reports the economical fabrication of novel nanoplatforms based on Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 and CeO2 (using the modified hydrothermal method) and their binary and ternary hybrid nanocomposites of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/CeO2 and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/CeO2/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) (using facile ultra-sonication method) respectively, for water health management. The engineered nanocomposites were evaluated for the Z-scheme mechanism using morphological (SEM, TEM), structural (XRD), optical (UV–Visible spectroscopy), magnetic (VSM), electronic and compositional (XPS) analyses and employed for wastewater remediation. The ternary hybrid composites exhibit excellent photocatalytic degradation efficacy (93.5%) for removing rose bengal (RB) dye from wastewater on UV illumination. The high dye-removal efficacy of ternary hybrid is attributed to the suitable band gap positions of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 and CeO2 metal oxides enhancing its photodegradation efficiency on UV illumination, and to the MWCNT enhancing the recombination time of photogenerated electron-hole pairs during dye-removal phenomena. Owing to their excellent performance and robust stability, the engineered ternary composites possess enormous potential for degrading diversified organic pollutants for wastewater treatment and contribute to One Health management, where photocatalytic degradation attributes are a prerequisite.

Energy transmission through carreau yasuda fluid influenced by ethylene glycol with activation energy and ternary hybrid nanocomposites by using a mathematical model

The current study aims to assess the augmentation of energy transmission in the presence of magnetic dipole through trihybrid Carreau Yasuda nanofluid flow across a vertical sheet. The rheological properties and thermal conductivity of the based fluids are improved by framing an accurate combination of nanoparticles (NPs). The trihybrid nanofluid (Thnf) has been synthesized by the addition of ternary nanocomposites (MWCNTs, Zn, Cu) to the ethylene glycol. The energy and velocity conveyance has been observed in the context of the Darcy Forchhemier effect, chemical reaction, heat source/sink, and activation energy. The trihybrid nanofluid flow across a vertical sheet has been accurately calculated for velocity, concentration, and thermal energy in the form of a system of nonlinear PDEs. The set of PDEs is reduced to dimensionless ODEs by using suitable similarity replacements. The obtained set of non-dimensional differential equations is numerically computed through the Matlab package bvp4c. It has been perceived that the energy curve enhances by the influence of heat generation factor and viscous dissipation. It is also noted that the magnetic dipole has a momentous contribution to raising the transmission of thermal energy of trihybrid nanofluid and declines the velocity curve. The inclusion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) nano particulates to the base fluid “ethylene glycol”, augments the energy and velocity outlines.

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic dye by CeO2/CNT/GO hybrid nanocomposites under UV light for wastewater treatment.

Development of nanocomposites as efficient photocatalysts for the removal of hazardous organic pollutants is always in dire demand due to increase in water pollution. In this article, a facile sol-gel method has been used to synthesize cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles followed by their decoration over multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) to construct binary as well ternary hybrid nanocomposites using ultrasonic treatment. The oxygen vacancy defects have been depicted using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) that may result into improved photocatalytic efficiency. The ternary hybrid nanocomposites (CeO2/CNT/GO) showed excellent photocatalytic efficiency towards degradation of rose bengal (RB) dye up to 96.9% in 50 min. CNTs and GO provide the interfacial charge transfer which inhibits the electron-hole pair recombination. The results obtained here indicate that these composites can be effectively utilized as promising materials for the degradation of harmful organic pollutants for wastewater treatment.

Exploring ternary hybrid nanocomposite of NiO@CuO embedded on reduced graphene oxide as supercapacitor electrode

Exploring ternary hybrid nanocomposite of NiO@CuO embedded on reduced graphene oxide as supercapacitor electrode

A facile synthesis of ternary hybrid nanocomposite of WS2/ZnO/PPy: An efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of chromium hexavalent

In this study novel and promising ternary hybrid nanocomposite of tungsten disulphide (WS2), zinc oxide (ZnO) and polypyrrole (PPy) has been synthesized for the efficacious photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). This ternary hybrid nanocomposite was prepared using the hydrothermal and in situ oxidative polymerization method. The crystal structures, physicochemical and optical features of the prepared nanocomposite were examined using various characterization techniques such as XRD, FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The synthesized nanocomposite contains the morphologies of pristine samples such as nanosheets, nanorods and nanoparticles of WS2, ZnO and PPy, respectively as demonstrated from FESEM images. The adsorption and photocatalytic degradation studies were performed as a function of concentrations of Cr (VI). The synthesized nanocomposite shows enhanced degradation efficiency (81.82%–94.66%) from pristine samples (1.81–4.85% for WS2, 29.09–36.36% for ZnO and 45.55–48.94% for PPy) towards 10 mg/L concentration of Cr(VI) under dark and light conditions, respectively. This enhanced degradation efficiency was attributed to the large surface area, lower recombination rate for photogenerated species, superior absorption for light and generation of free radicals under dark and light conditions as explained by TCSPC decay, tauc's plot (2.28 eV) and EPR measurements, respectively. EPR and scavenger study both supports for the formation of free radicals (•O2−) and (.OH) in light and dark both conditions. The value of g-factor comes out to be 2.01 from EPR study. The kinetic study illustrates that the photocatalytic degradation of Cr(VI) by the prepared ternary nanocomposite followed pseudo-second-order rate kinetics model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm. These models proposed that the removal of Cr(VI) was take place through both physisorption and chemisorption processes. The degradation mechanism was analyzed with the help of Mott-Schottky/scavenger studies, and revealed that the superoxide radicals (•O2−) were the primary active species. The reusability experiment demonstrates that the prepared nanocomposite can be reused up to 5 times with almost the same efficiency in all cycles and hence, can be considered as a promising candidate for wastewater treatment.

Ternary silver tungstate-MoS2/graphene oxide heterostructure nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalysis under visible light and antibacterial activity

Wastewater emanating out of industrial units is loaded with hazardous organic dyes. The hindrance in sunlight penetration into the water by this dye-loaded wastewater has led to disruption in an aquatic ecosystem. Along with these carcinogenic pollutants, biological pollutants such as noxious bacteria are present in wastewater posing serious health problems. Fabrication of narrow bandgap visible light active photocatalysts is crucial these days. Metal tungstates and metal sulphides are mainly being sought due to their unique tailorable optical and chemical properties. In the present study, silver tungstate-MoS2 supported on graphene oxide was synthesized utilizing the ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized ternary nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, TEM, XPS, BET, PL, and UV-vis techniques. The photocatalytic activity of prepared nanocomposites was evaluated using methyl orange degradation under visible light. The ternary nanocomposite showed improved photoefficiency, attaining 93 % methyl orange degradation in 90 min under various optimized conditions of solution pH = 5, initial dye concentration of 10 ppm, and catalyst dose of 50 mg/100 ml. The modelization and optimization for assessing the interaction effect amongst several variables were evaluated employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The antibacterial activity of synthesized binary and ternary hybrid nanocomposites was determined by the inactivation of gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The improved photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities of ternary nanocomposite may be credited to the synergistic effect of heterojunction among three components.

Synthesis of MoS2/Mg(OH)2/BiVO4 hybrid photocatalyst by ultrasonic homogenization assisted hydrothermal methods and its application as sunlight active photocatalyst for water decontamination

In this work, MoS2/Mg(OH)2/BiVO4 ternary hybrid photocatalyst was synthesized by sonicated precursor mixture to the hydrothermal procedure to generate a highly efficient solar light-induced and simply recyclable photocatalyst. The obtained hybrid was confirmed by the characteristic peaks of MoS2/Mg(OH)2/BiVO4 observed in X-ray diffraction (14.31°/18.62°/28.18°), infrared spectra (465/445/679 cm−1), ultraviolet–visible spectra (636/683/639 nm) studies, and the band-gap narrowing (2.62/2.44/2.25 eV). The morphological structure of MoS2 (rod), Mg(OH)2 (particles), and BiVO4 (random aggregates) were turned into MoS2/Mg(OH)2/BiVO4 hierarchical nanosheets that coexisted with particles. The photodegradation experiments of the photocatalysts were assessed by using Congo Red (CR), Malachite Green (MG) and Textile Industry Effluent (TIE) as the model pollutant under direct sunlight. The photocatalytic efficiency of the hybrids was noticeably 2.1 to 2.3 times higher than that of the individual components. Photocurrent response test indicate that MoS2/Mg(OH)2/BiVO4 ternary hybrid nanocomposites photocatalysts had a more effective electron/hole pair separation than individual and binary composite photocatalysts. The mechanism of photodegradation of MoS2/Mg(OH)2/BiVO4ternary hybrid photocatalysts was investigated and discussed.

Tailored architecture of molybdenum carbide/iron oxide micro flowers with graphitic carbon nitride: An electrochemical platform for nano-level detection of organophosphate pesticide in food samples

Herein we report the ternary hybrid nanocomposite of iron oxide @ molybdenum carbide micro flowers decorated graphitic-carbon nitride (Fe3O4@MoC MFs/g-CN), as a catalyst for the detection of organophosphorus pesticide, parathion (PAT), for the first time. The growth of hierarchical nanostructure from the core level will facilitate easy diffusion of analyte and interact more effectively with the reactive catalytic sites. Thus, Fe3O4 NFs architecture was hydrothermally grown over MoC flakes from the core level, which further hybridized with g-CN to ensure electrical conductivity and mechanical stability. Experimental results demonstrate that Fe3O4@MoC MFs/g-CN/GCE has superior catalytic efficacy for PAT reduction. At optimum conditions, the proposed sensor exhibits a low detection limit (7.8 nM), high sensitivity, and wide linear range (0.5–600 µM) toward PAT detection. The satisfactory test results of the food samples indicate that the Fe3O4@MoC MFs/g-CN/GCE sensor can be used as an excellent candidate for real-time PAT detection.

Synthesis, stability, density, viscosity of ethylene glycol-based ternary hybrid nanofluids: Experimental investigations and model -prediction using modern machine learning techniques

A direct sol-gel technique was utilized to produce rGO-Fe3O4-TiO2 ternary hybrid nanocomposites to produce ethylene glycol (EG) based stable nanofluids, characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray dispersion, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta potential. Viscosity and density analysis were investigated by varying temperatures (25 to 50 °C), and wt% (0.01 to 0.25). For 0.25 wt% at 50 °C, density increased by 2.45%, and viscosity by 133.5%. The development of a prediction model by processing the variational parameters with machine learning and studying properties such as characterization, stability, and density of rGO-Fe3O4-TiO2 hybrid nanofluids has provided an unprecedented study in the literature. The nonlinear nature and volume of data generated by the subsequent experimental study were difficult to model using traditional analytical methods. As a result, for the creation of prognostic models, advanced machine learning techniques such as Boosted Regression Tree (BRT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) was applied. These prediction models' prognostic skills and uncertainty were assessed using statistical indices, Theil's statistics, and Taylor's diagram. The R-value for the BRT-based density (0.9989) and viscosity (0.9979) prediction models was higher than that of the ANN-based and SVM-based prediction models. In developed density models, Theil's U2 uncertainty was as low as 0.0689, 0.0775, and 0.0981 for BRT, ANN, and SVM, respectively. As a conclusion, it is stated that BRT, ANN, and SVM can accurately imitate the laboratory-based assessment of density and viscosity values of ternary hybrid nanofluids over a wide temperature and nanoparticle concentration ratio range. On the other hand, the BRT was marginally better than ANN but much better than SVM. The current study's findings are appropriate for applications needing long-term stability and improved heat transfer performance.

Synthesis of Polyaniline Wrapped Ternary Hybrid Nanocomposite of Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline/Copper Ferrite (Go/Pani/Cufe2o4) and its Use in the Fabrication of Energy Storage Devices

Synthesis of Polyaniline Wrapped Ternary Hybrid Nanocomposite of Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline/Copper Ferrite (Go/Pani/Cufe2o4) and its Use in the Fabrication of Energy Storage Devices

MWCNT incorporated wool-ball-like CuO@NiO hybrid nanostructures for high-performance energy storage device

In the present work, some CuO@NiO@MWCNT (CNC) ternary hybrid nanostructures have been synthesized solvothermally in a well-controlled manner by varying the amount of MWCNT for energy storage application with superior electrochemical performance. Among three CNC1 (CuO@NiO:40 mg MWCNT), CNC2 (CuO@NiO:40 mg MWCNT; in one-step method) and CNC3 (CuO@NiO:60 mg MWCNT) nanocomposites, the CNC1 has emerged out with the best performance due to its well-designed components and synergistic effects, wool ball-like morphology and a mesoporous structure containing more active sites, a shortest conductive pathway for electron-ion transportation. The CNC1 hybrid with a highly ordered mesoporous structure (pore radius ~1.9 nm) offers a high specific surface area of 262 m2 g−1. The structure and microstructure of these ternary hybrid nanocomposites are characterized by analyzing respective X-ray diffraction patterns, HRTEM, FESEM images, and XPS spectra. HRTEM and FESEM images reveal the uniform distribution of the MWCNT network and the growth of spherical NiO nanoparticles of 8–10 nm in these CNT. The optimized ternary wool ball-like CNC1sample exhibits a high specific capacitance of 786 F g−1 and high areal capacitance of 3.144 F cm−2at a current density of 0.6 A g−1 with a significant rate capability. A two-electrode asymmetric device has been designed with the CNC1 sample as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode in a 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte medium. This device offers maximum specific energy of 32.21 Wh Kg−1, a maximum power density of 3923 W Kg−1, excellent cyclic stability and a high Coulomb efficiency. The optimum use of MWCNT in CNC1 ternary nanostructures results in better morphology, leading to a significant reduction in charge transfer parameters,as revealed by EIS spectroscopy.

Theoretical and experimental analyses of rheological, compatibility and mechanical properties of PVMQ/XNBR-g GMA/XNBR/GO ternary hybrid nanocomposites

Theoretical and experimental analyses of rheological, compatibility and mechanical properties of PVMQ/XNBR-g GMA/XNBR/GO ternary hybrid nanocomposites

Ternary hybrid nanocomposites of polypyrrole nanotubes with 2D self-assembled heterostructures of protonated g-C3N4-rGO as supercapacitor electrodes

Ternary hybrid nanocomposites of polypyrrole nanotubes with 2D self-assembled heterostructures of protonated g-C3N4-rGO as supercapacitor electrodes

Influence of SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposites on dual resonance Förster energy transfer in ternary hybrid thin films

The influence of SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposites (STNCs) content on the photoelectric properties of a PFO/MEH-PPV/F7GA ternary hybrid thin film was investigated. A solution blending method was utilized to prepare the ternary hybrid nanocomposites which was then spin coated to make thin films. Tuning of the dual Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) parameters of the ternary hybrid thin films composed of PFO/MEH-PPV/F7GA was achieved by incorporating various amounts of STNCs. The existence of charge transfer in the ternary system and an enhanced dual FRET from the donor (PFO) to both acceptors (MEH-PPV and F7GA) was demonstrated with the addition of STNCs. The conjugation length of the donor was increased after the addition of the STNCs, resulting in improved charge carrier mobility and therefore an improved organic light-emitting diode device performance. A remarkable increase in the current in the devices was achieved with the addition of STNCs, indicating a reduction in the activation energy and the resistance of the ternary emissive layer in the devices.