Ternary Excess Molar Volumes Research Articles

Density and viscosity of ternary mixture of {1-amino-2-propanol + 2-methyl-1-propanol + 1-propanol} in the temperature range of (293.15–333.15) K at atmospheric pressure

In the present work, the density, ρ, and viscosity, η, of ternary mixture of {x11-amino-2-propanol + x22-methyl-1-propanol + x31-propanol} were measured over the entire composition range at temperatures (293.15–333.15) K and ambient pressure (p = 0.1 MPa). The density values were obtained using an Anton Paar DMA 4500 M instrument. The excess molar volumes, VmE, and viscosity deviations, Δη, were calculated from the measured values of density and viscosity. The excess molar volumes of ternary mixture are negative over the entire mole fraction range and become more negative with increasing temperature. Viscosity deviations for the ternary mixture are negative over the entire mole fraction range and decrease with increasing temperature. The Cibulka equation was used to correlate the ternary excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations.

Density, viscosity, excess molar volume and viscosity deviation for [chloroform (1) + di-isopropyl- ether(2) + 1-propanol (3)] ternary system at 298.15 K.

Abstract Densities ρ and viscosity η of the [chloroform (1) + di-isopropyl ether (DIPE) (2) + 1-propanol (3)] ternary system have been measured at 298.15 K and pressure of 960 hPa using an Anton Paar DMA 500 stavigmeter. Excess molar volumes VE and viscosity deviation Δη were calculated. The excess molar volume VE and viscosity deviation Δη for binary and ternary systems were correlated by a Redlich-Kister and Nagata and Tamura type equation. Also, the ternary excess molar volume and viscosity deviation Y 123 E were predicted using the Radojkovic equation. From the macroscopic behavior inferences were made about the molecular interactions in the ternary mixture.

Density, viscosity, excess molar volume and viscosity deviation for [chloroform (1) + methanol (3)] binary system and [chloroform (1) + di-isopropylether (2) + methanol (3)] ternary system at 298.15 K

Abstract Densities ρ and viscosity η of the [chloroform (1) + methanol(3)] binary system and [chloroform (1) + di-isopropyaelther (DIPE) (2) + methanol (3)] ternary system have been measured at 298.15 K and a pressure of 960 hPa using an Anton Paar DMA 500 stavigmeter. Excess molar volumes VE and viscosity deviation Δη were calculated. The excess molar volume and viscosity deviation for binary system were fitted to a Redlich-Kister type equation and the ternary excess molar volumes VE and viscosity deviation Δη were correlated by a Redlich-Kister and Nagata and Tamura type equation. Also, the ternary excess molar volume and viscosity deviation Y 123 E were predicted using the Radojkovic equation. From the results we obtained conclusions about the molecular interactions in binary and ternary mixtures.

Volumetric behavior of the ternary system (methyl tert-butyl ether + methylbenzene + butan-1-ol) and its binary sub-system (methyl tert-butyl ether + butan-1-ol) within the temperature range (298.15 to 328.15) K

Values of the density and speed of sound were measured for the ternary system (methyl tert-butyl ether+methylbenzene+butan-1-ol) within the temperature range (298.15 to 328.15)K at atmospheric pressure by a vibrating-tube densimeter DSA 5000. Two binary sub-systems were studied and published previously while the binary sub-system (methyl tert-butyl ether+butan-1-ol) is a new study in this work. Excess molar volume, adiabatic compressibility, and isobaric thermal expansivity were calculated from the experimental values of density and speed of sound. The excess quantities were correlated using the Redlich–Kister equation. The experimental excess molar volumes were analyzed by means of both the Extended Real Associated Solution (ERAS) model and the Peng–Robinson equation of state. The novelty of this work is the qualitative prediction of ternary excess molar volumes for the system containing auto-associative compound and two compounds that can hetero-associate. The combination of the ERAS model and Peng–Robinson equation of state could help to qualitatively estimate the real behavior of the studied systems because the experimental results lie between these two predictions.

Measurement and modeling the excess properties of binary and ternary mixtures containing [Hmim][BF4], 2-methyl-2-propanol, and propylamin compounds at 298.15 K using PFP theory

Density and viscosity of pure components 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate ([Hmim][BF4]), 2-methyl-2-propanol, and propylamin, along with binary mixtures of {x1[Hmim][BF4]+x22-methyl-2-propanol}, {x1[Hmim][BF4]+x2propylamin}, and {x12-methyl-2-propanol+x2propylamin}, and ternary mixture of {x1[Hmim][BF4]+x22-methyl-2-propanol+x3propylamin} were measured over the entire composition range at atmospheric pressure and 298.15K. The results of measuring the density and viscosity were used to calculate the excess molar volumes, partial molar volumes, and viscosity deviations. For all of the binary mixtures, the computed excess molar volumes were correlated by applying Redlich–Kister equation and Prigogine–Flory–Patterson (PFP) theory, while the obtained viscosities were correlated using McAllister, Hind, and Nissan equations. The obtained excess molar volumes, VmE, and viscosity deviations, Δη, of all of the binary mixtures and ternary mixture are negative over the entire composition range. The Cibulka equation was used to correlate the ternary excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations using the Redlich–Kister parameters of the binary mixtures.

Densities and refractive indices for binary and ternary mixtures of (carbon tetrachloride + β-pinene + 2-chlorobutane) at T = 298.15 K

Densities and refractive indices of ternary mixtures of (carbon tetrachloride + β-pinene + 2-chlorobutane) and related binary mixtures (carbon tetrachloride + β-pinene), (carbon tetrachloride + 2-chlorobutane), and (β-pinene + 2-chlorobutane) have been measured over the whole composition range at T = 298.15 K for the liquid region and at ambient pressure. Excess molar volumes, partial molar volumes, excess partial molar volumes, partial molar volumes at infinite dilution, excess refractive index, and excess molar refractivity were calculated from experimental data and reported for the binary and ternary mixtures at T = 298.15 K. The excess functions were correlated with the Redlich-Kister and Cibulka equation for binary and ternary mixtures, respectively. Especially the ternary excess molar volumes were compared with the estimated values from the binary contribution model equations of Tsao-Smith, Jacob-Fitzer, Kohler, and Rastogi. The experimental results of constitute binary mixtures have been used to test the applicability of the Prigogine-Flory-Paterson theory.

Volumetric behavior of the ternary system benzene-2-methoxy-2-methylbutane-2,2,4-trimethylpentane and all binary sub-systems at temperature range (298.15–318.15) K

Densities of ternary liquid mixtures composed of benzene, 2-methoxy-2-methylbutane (i.e. tert-amyl methyl ether, TAME), and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (i.e. isooctane, 2,2,4-TMP) are measured at three temperatures 298.15K, 308.15K, and 318.15K at atmospheric pressure by a vibrating-tube densimeter as well as all its binary sub-systems. Excess molar volumes of the mixtures are calculated from the experimental densities and then correlated using the Redlich–Kister equation. The determination of its adjustable parameters is made by the method of least squares. For all studied systems, the positive deviations from ideal behavior are observed at all temperatures. The excess molar volume curves of binary systems differ in the shape and temperature dependence. The experimental binary data are compared with literature data and discussed. The ternary system mentioned above is measured newly. Moreover, the experimental excess molar volumes are compared to the calculation using Peng–Robinson equation with a corrected parameter. The novelty of this work is the prediction of ternary excess molar volumes from binary parameters in Peng–Robinson equation.

Volumetric properties of ternary (IL + 2-propanol or 1-butanol or 2-butanol + ethyl acetate) systems and binary (IL + 2-propanol or 1-butanol or 2-butanol) and (1-butanol or 2-butanol + ethyl acetate) systems

The experimental densities for the binary or ternary systems were determined at T=(298.15, 303.15, and 313.15)K. The ionic liquid methyl trioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([MOA]+[Tf2N]−) was used for three of the five binary systems studied. The binary systems were ([MOA]+[Tf2N]−+2-propanol or 1-butanol or 2-butanol) and (1-butanol or 2-butanol+ethyl acetate). The ternary systems were {methyl trioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide+2-propanol or 1-butanol or 2-butanol+ethyl acetate}. The binary and ternary excess molar volumes for the above systems were calculated from the experimental density values for each temperature. The Redlich–Kister smoothing polynomial was fitted to the binary excess molar volume data. Virial-Based Mixing Rules were used to correlate the binary excess molar volume data. The binary excess molar volume results showed both negative and positive values over the entire composition range for all the temperatures.The ternary excess molar volume data were successfully correlated with the Cibulka equation using the Redlich–Kister binary parameters.

The liquid–liquid equilibria for low pH aqueous acid solution + tri-octylamine (or tri-butylphosphate) + 1-decane and the binary and ternary excess molar volumes and deviations of the refractive indices

Liquid–liquid phase equilibria (LLE) for the ternary system containing water + tri-octylamine (TOA) or tri-butylphosphate (TBP) + 1-decane were reported in a previous paper. These ternary combinations can be used as selective solvents and diluents in the molybdenum (Mo) extraction process. In the interest of industrial applicability, the LLE for the system containing aqueous sulfuric acid solution (pH 1.0) + TOA or TBP + 1-decane has been discussed at the temperature of 298.15 K and a normal atmospheric pressure. The solubility of TOA and TBP in water was a little decreased with the addition of sulfuric acid. Nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) and universal quasichemical (UNIQUAC) models were used for the description of the determined LLE data. In addition, the density ( ρ) and the refractive index ( n D) for the systems TOA + 1-decane and TBP + 1-decane at 298.15 K were determined. These data were used to calculate the binary excess molar volume ( V E) and the deviations of the refractive indices (Δ R) over the entire composition range. The ternary V E and Δ R prediction for the TOA + TBP + 1-decane system was determined from the binary data with the Radojkovič equation.

Volumetric Properties for (Ionic Liquid + Methanol or Ethanol or 1-Propanol + Nitromethane) at 298.15 K and Atmospheric Pressure

The densities of the ternary systems {1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate ([BMIM]+[MeSO4]−) + methanol or ethanol or 1-propanol + nitromethane} were measured at the temperature 298.15 K, and the ternary excess molar volumes, V123E, were calculated . The V123E values are negative for all mole fractions of the ionic liquid (IL) and increase with increasing mole fraction of IL. The Cibulka equation was used to correlate the ternary excess molar volumes using the Redlich−Kister parameters for the binary systems obtained from the literature. There is a good correlation between the Cibulka equation and the experimental V123E data.

Study of the molecular interactions, excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations of ternary systems of 1-butanol (1) + 2-butanol (2) + 1,2-butanediol (3) at 303.15 K

This article reports experimental densities and viscosities of ternary systems of 1-butanol (1) + 2-butanol (2) + 1,2-butanediol (3) and the binary systems of 1-butanol (1) + 2-butanol (2), 1-butanol (1) + 1,2-butanediol (3), and 2-butanol (2) + 1,2-butanediol (3), over the entire range of composition at 303.15 K. Excess molar volume , viscosity deviations Δη 123 for viscous flow were evaluated from the experimental data obtained. These derived properties for binary and ternary systems were fitted to Redlich–Kister and Cibulka's equations, respectively. The data and values were negative over the whole range of composition. Several semi-empirical relations are used to predict the binary and ternary viscosities and excess molar volume, and viscosity deviations from experimental results on the constituted ternaries and analysed to discuss the nature and strength of intermolecular interactions in these mixtures.

Excess molar volume, viscosity, and refractive index study for the ternary mixture {2-methyl-2-butanol (1) + tetrahydrofuran (2) + propylamine (3)} at different temperatures. Application of the ERAS-model and Peng–Robinson–Stryjek–Vera equation of state

Densities, viscosities, and refractive indices of the ternary mixture consist of {2-methyl-2-butanol (1) + tetrahydrofuran (THF) (2) + propylamine (3)} at a temperature of 298.15 K and related binary mixtures were measured at temperatures of (288.15, 298.15, and 308.15) K at ambient pressure. Data were used to calculate the excess molar volumes and the deviations of the viscosity and refractive index. The Redlich–Kister and the Cibulka equations were used for correlating binary and ternary properties, respectively. The ERAS-model has been applied for describing the binary and ternary excess molar volumes and also Peng–Robinson–Stryjek–Vera (PRSV) equation of state (EOS) has been used to predict the binary and ternary excess molar volumes and viscosities.

Ternary Excess Molar Volumes of {Methyltrioctylammonium Bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide + Methanol + Methyl Acetate or Ethyl Acetate} Systems at (298.15, 303.15, and 313.15) K

The densities of the ternary systems {methyltrioctylammonium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide + methanol + methyl acetate or ethyl acetate} have been measured at the temperatures (298.15, 303.15, and 313.15) K. The ternary excess molar volumes, V E 123 , were calculated from the experimental densities at each temperature. The V E 123 values are negative for all mole fractions of the ionic liquid (IL). For the system {[MOA] + [Tf 2 N] - + methanol + methyl acetate}, the minimum ternary excess molar volumes, V E 123,min , decrease with decreasing z values (increasing the mole fraction of the IL) except at z equal to 0.30 at temperatures (298.15 and 313.15) K. The V E 122,min decreases with an increase in the temperature. For the system {[MOA{ + [Tf 2 N] - + methanol + ethyl acetate}, V E 123,min increases with decreasing z values at each temperature. The Cibulka equation was used to correlate the ternary excess molar volume data from the Redlich—Kister parameters obtained from fitting the Redlich—Kister equation to the five binary systems obtained from the literature. There is a good correlation between the Cibulka equation and experimental V E 123 data.

Ternary excess molar volumes of {methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide+ethanol+methyl acetate, or ethyl acetate} systems at T=(298.15, 303.15, and 313.15)K

The densities of the ternary systems {methyltrioctylammonium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide + methanol + methyl acetate or ethyl acetate} have been measured at the temperatures (298.15, 303.15, and 313.15) K. The ternary excess molar volumes,V123E, were calculated from the experimental densities at each temperature. The V123Evalues are negative for all mole fractions of the ionic liquid (IL). For the system {[MOA]+[Tf2N]− + methanol + methyl acetate}, the minimum ternary excess molar volumes, V123,minE, decrease with decreasing z values (increasing the mole fraction of the IL) except at z equal to 0.30 at temperatures (298.15 and 313.15) K. The V123,minEdecreases with an increase in the temperature. For the system {[MOA]+[Tf2N]− + methanol + ethyl acetate}, V123,minE increases with decreasing z values at each temperature. The Cibulka equation was used to correlate the ternary excess molar volume data from the Redlich−Kister parameters obtained from fitting the Redlich−Kister equation to the five bina...

Excess molar volumes of ternary mixtures { n-butylacetae + 1-butanol + 1, 2-butanediol} and { n-butylacetate + 1-butanol + 1, 3-butanediol} at T = 303.15 K

Excess molar volumes of the ternary systems formed by { n-butylacetate + 1-butanol + 1,2-butanediol } and { n-butylacetate + 1-butanol + 1,3-butanediol} were measured at 303.15 K for the whole composition range. The excess molar volumes, V m E, for binary mixtures of { n-butylacetate + 1-butanol, + 1,2-butanediol and + 1,3-butanediol} are positive and for the binary mixtures of {1-butanol + 1,2-butanediol and + 1,3-butanediol} are negative. Several empirical expressions are used to predict and correlate the ternary excess molar volumes from experimental results on the constituted binaries and analyzed to gain insight about liquid mixture interactions.

Density, Speed of Sound, and Derived Thermodynamic Properties of Ionic Liquids [EMIM]+[BETI]− or ([EMIM]+[CH3(OCH2CH2)2OSO3]− + Methanol or + Acetone) at T = (298.15 or 303.15 or 313.15) K

The densities of binary and ternary mixtures were measured for the system 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM]+[BETI]−) + methanol or + acetone and [EMIM]+[BETI]− + methanol + acetone, respectively, at T = (298.15, 303.15, and 313.15) K, and the speed of sound data for the binary system 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethyleneglycol monomethylethersulfate ([EMIM]+[CH3(OCH2CH2)2OSO3]−) + methanol were measured at T = 298.15 K. The excess molar volumes were calculated from the experimental densities and were fitted to the Redlich-Kister equation for the binary system. The excess molar volumes, VmE, for the binary system ([EMIM]+[BETI]− + methanol) were positive for low mole fractions of methanol, and for the binary system ([EMIM]+[BETI]− + acetone), excess molar volumes were negative throughout the whole composition range. The ternary excess molar volumes were negative for all three temperatures. The isentropic compressibility for the binary system ([EMIM]+[CH3(OCH2CH2)2OSO3]− ...

Volumetric and viscometric studies of molecular interaction of the ternary system toluene (1) + cyclohexane (2) + n-hexane (3) at 298.15 K

The densities ρ, and viscosities η, of pure toluene, cyclohexane, and n-hexane and those of their binary and ternary mixtures have been measured at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure over the entire range of compositions. Excess molar volumes V 123 E , viscosity deviations Δ η 123, and excess Gibbs energy of activation G 123 * E , were obtained from the experimental results and those values for the binary and ternary systems were fitted to Redlich–Kister's and Cibulka's type function in terms of mole fractions. The V 123 E data were positive and Δ η 123 and G 123 * E , values were negative. Several semi-empirical relations are used to predict the ternary excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations from experimental results on the constituted ternary and analyzed to discuss the nature and strength of intermolecular interactions in these mixtures.

Excess molar volumes of the ternary system {methylcyclohexane (1) + cyclohexane (2) + n-alkanes (3)} at T = 298.15 K

Densities were experimentally determined in the whole range of composition at T = 298.15 K for the ternary system {methylcyclohexane (1) + cyclohexane (2) + n-alkanes (3)} and for the seven corresponding binary systems. The n-alkanes include n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane. Excess molar volumes, V E, were calculated for the binaries and ternaries systems. The V 123 E data are positive over the entire range of composition for the systems {methylcyclohexane (1) + cyclohexane (2) + n-heptane (3) or n-octane (3)} at three fixed compositions ( f m = X 1/ X 2). For the system {methylcyclohexane (1) + cyclohexane (2) + n-hexane (3)}, the V E values showed positive for f m = 0.3 and negative for f m = 3. The V E data exhibit, an inversion in sign in the mixture containing f m = 1 for later ternary system. Several empirical expressions are used to predict and correlate the ternary excess molar volumes from experimental results on the constituted binaries and analyzed to gain insight about liquid mixture interactions.

Density, speed of sound and refractive index of (n-hexane + cyclohexane + 1-hexanol) atT = 298.15 K

Densities, speeds of sound and refractive indices have been measured for (n -hexane + cyclohexane + 1-hexanol) and its corresponding binaries atT= 298.15 K. In addition, ideal isentropic compressibilities were calculated from the speeds of sound, densities, and literature heat capacities and cubic expansion coefficients. The excess molar volumes and excess isentropic compressibilities, and deviations of the speed of sound and refractive index are correlated by polynomials and discussed.The Nitta–Chao model was used to estimate binary and ternary excess molar volumes, and several empirical equations were also used to calculate the excess and deviation properties.

Excess Molar Volumes for the Ternary Mixture N,N-Dimethylformamide + Methanol + Water at the Temperature 298.15 K

Excess molar volumes for the ternary mixture N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) + methanol + water and for the binary constituents, DMF + water, DMF + methanol and methanol + water at 298.15 K are reported. Several empirical expressions are used to predict and correlate the ternary excess molar volumes from experimental results on the constituent binaries. A pseudo binary mixture approach is used to analyze the system studied. The partial molar volumes of methanol at infinite dilution in DMF + water mixed solvent at several fixed compositions were evaluated and correlated with the composition.