Terms Of Yield Parameters Research Articles

Enhancing Chilli Cultivation in Rain-Fed Regions: The Role of Naphthalene Acetic Acid and Gibberellic Acid

Chilli cultivation in rain-fed regions faced challenges due to environmental factors that resulting in reduced yields. To address these challenges and optimize chilli cultivation in such moisture stress conditions, a study was conducted to investigate the effects of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Gibberellic Acid (GA3) as foliar sprays on the growth and yield parameters of chilli plants in 2022 at Ramghat, Surkhet, Nepal. The study utilized a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with different concentrations of NAA and GA3 as treatments, along with a control group. Various growth parameters such as plant height, number of branches and leaves per plant were monitored, along with yield parameters including fruit stalk length, fruit diameter, and yield per plant. The results indicated that NAA at 50 ppm significantly increased plant height, number of branches and leaves per plant compared to the control group at all growing stages. GA3 at different concentrations also generally resulted in higher phenotypic plant characters compared to the control and NAA treatments. However, high concentrations of both NAA and GA3 had negative effects on plant growth. In terms of yield parameters, both NAA and GA3 treatments showed promising results, with increased yield per plant compared to the control group. Notably, GA3 at 50 ppm demonstrated the highest yield per plant. These findings suggest that NAA at 50 ppm and GA3 at 50 ppm had the potential to enhance chilli cultivation in rain-fed regions by improving growth and increasing yields. The study provides valuable insights for chilli farmers especially to mitigate the challenges posed by moisture stress and improve profitability particularly in rain-fed conditions.

The Effect of Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Conditions

The present investigation “The effect of biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in Prayagraj agroclimatic conditions” was undertaken at Central Research Field, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) during 2022-2023. The main objective of the experiment was to find out the effect of various biofertilizers on yield and quality of Cape Gooseberry and to estimate the economics of various treatments. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatment combinations viz, T0 (Control), T1(100% RDF), T2 (100% RDF+ Azotobacter) 10g, T3 (100% RDF + Azospirillium) 10g, T4 (100% RDF + Azotobacter)10g, T5 (75% RDF= Azotobacter) 10g, T6 (75% RDF + Azospirillium) 10g, T7 (75% RDF + Trichoderma) 10g, T8 (75% RDF + Azotobacter + Azospirillium) 10g, T9 (75% RDF + Azotobacter + Azospirillium + Trichoderma) 10g with three replications. From the present investigation treatment T9(75% RDF + Azotobacter + Azospirillium + Trichoderma) 10g performed best in terms of yield parameters, (fruit weight (10.39g), and quality parameters Acidity (0.14%), of Cape Gooseberry. However, the highest B:C ratio was found in Treatment.

Effect of Photosynthetic Bacteria, Vermiwash and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on Growth, Yield and Quality of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

The present investigation was carried out with title ‘Effect of Photosynthetic bacteria, Vermiwash and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on growth, Yield and Quality of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)’ at the Central Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the 2021-22 with a view to identify the effects of different combinations of biofertilizers and organic nutrition and its role in growth, yield and quality of French bean variety Lakshmi. The experiment was laid in Randomized block design with 7 treatments and 3 replications with different combination in Biofertilizers and application of organic nutrition. Under this experiment, overall, 7 treatment was taken T1 (Photosynthetic Bacteria @ 30 ml/ m2 (PSB-1)), T2 (Vermiwash @ 40 ml/ m2 (VW)), T3 (Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (30 ml/ m2) (PSB-2)), T4 (PSB-1 + VW (40 each ml/ m2)), T5 (PSB-1 + PSB-2 (30 ml/ m2)), T6 (PSB-2 + VW (40 ml/ m2)) and T0 (Control). From the above experimental finding it was concluded that the treatment T5 (PSB-1 + PSB-2 (30 ml/ m2) was found to be best in the terms of growth parameters like plant (240.51 cm), plant spread (1984.64 cm2), earliness parameters like days to first flowering (54.33 days), days to 50% flowering (64.67 days), days to first pod setting (59.78 days) and days to first pod picking (67.47 days). T5 (PSB-1 + PSB-2 (30 ml/ m2) was also found best in terms of yield parameters like number of pods per plant (132.33 pods), pod length (13.73 cm), pod width (10.11 mm), individual pod weight (7.99 g), yield per plant (1.04 kg/plant) and yield per hectare (12.53 t/ha) of French bean. Therefore, Treatment combination of biofertilizers T5 (PSB-1 + PSB-2 (30 ml/ m2) can be suggested for better yield achievement in French bean.

Performance evaluation of pechay (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) using different organic growing media under hydroponic system

There is a growing interest among vegetable growers in using locally available growing media in hydroponic production. This study assessed the growth and yield of pechay, nutrient solution consumption of the plant, and its quality using different growing media (foam, coco peat, raw rice hull, raw saw dust, vermicompost, composted rice straw, composted rice hull) in a Kratky hydroponic system at the Institute of Agriculture, Camiguin Polytechnic State College-Catarman Campus, Tangaro, Catarman, Camiguin from June 10, 2021, until July 15, 2021. The study was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design with seven treatments and three replications. Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) was used to compare the significant differences between treatment means. Results showed that the type of growing media did not significantly affect the pechay growth performance, insect pests and disease incidence, nutrient solution consumption, and final quality of the hydroponic nutrient solution. However, a highly significant difference was observed in horticultural root development characteristics except for the percentage of root per plant and survival rate. In terms of yield parameters, highly significant differences were observed except for the number of marketable and non-marketable yields, the weight of non-marketable yields, and the harvest index. Our results showed that the use of foam could be used effectively to increase production under a hydroponic system. The use of organic growing media (raw rice hull, vermicompost, raw saw dust, coco peat) was also promising for their growth and yield performance. It can be concluded that the growing media affects the growth and yield of pechay in a hydroponic production system; however, the potential use of these various growing media should be further tested for verification.

Evaluation of Different Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis L.) Hybrids for Better Growth and Yield of Flowers under Prayagraj Agro Climatic Conditions

The present investigation entitled, Evaluation of Different Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis L.) Hybrids for Better Growth and Yield of Flowers under Prayagraj Agro Climatic Conditions was under taken in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, U.P. during winter season (2022 to 2023). The experiment was laid out with nine hybrids each replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. Among the nine hybrids, hybrid Eternity (H2) reported significantly better performance in terms of plant growth parameters like plant height (89.93 cm), number of leaves per plant (133.87), number of branches per plant (11.53), average length of branches (59.67 cm) and stem diameter (2.61 cm). Whereas in terms of Yield parameters, hybrid Chandra Vaga (H7) reported significantly better performance like number of flowers per plant (20.30), number of flowers per plot (121.80), flower yield per ha (73,08,000).

Evaluation of Different Genotypes of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) for Growth and Pod Yield in Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions

This experiment was conducted at a Horticulture research farm in the year 2021. Nine genotypes of cowpea were procured from IIVR, Varanasi viz AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-1, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-2, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-3, AVT 2021/ COPBVAR-4, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-5, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-6, AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-7, GOMATI, KASHI KANCHAN. The experiment was laid in simple RBD with thrice replications. The observations were recorded on different traits. AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-6, was found to be the best variety over all other varieties in terms of earliness viz days to first flowering (33.33 days) and days to 50% flowering (38.67 days), AVT I 2021/ COPBVAR-5 was found to be the best variety over all other varieties in terms of yield parameters viz. yield per plant (168.03g) and yield were (9168.03 q/h).

Influence of Integrated Use of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizers on Physio-chemical Properties of Soil and Yield of Kharif Maize in Coarse Loamy Typic Haplustept Soil

Background: Maize is one of the best cereal crop as it is also known as “Queen of cereals” by giving good taste, having more hybrid varieties, good production and price also. But to make maize best cereal well fertile and neutral soil is important. In the several previous years tthere was good soil, plant and environment relationship but due to passing the time soil health was deteriorated by using the more amount of inorganic fertilizers (beyond the limit). The insect pest attack was also increased due to uses of more amount of fertilizers. Soil becomes topic in nature and most of the inorganic chemical leached down and mixed with the water table. Material: The two year field experiment was conducted at experimental farm at Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab during the kharif season 2019- 2020 to study the influence of integrated use of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on physio-chemical properties of soil and yield of kharif maize in coarse loamy Typic Haplustept soil with 8 treatments treatments T1- Control, T2 - RDF (125:60:30) kg ha-1, T3- RDF +10 ton farmyard manure ha-1, T4- 75% RDF + 10 ton farm yard manure ha-1+ Vermicompost @2 ton/ha, T5-75% RDF +10 ton farmyard manure ha-1, T6- 50% RDF +10 ton farm yard manure + vermicompost@2 ton ha-1 + azotobacter ha-1, T7-50% RDF +15 ton of farmyard manure +azotobacter ha-1, T8-25 % RDF + azotobacter + vermicompost@ 2 ton ha-1 in RBD design with 3 replications. Result: The soil pH was found highest in T2 (RDF (125:60:30) kg ha-1) (7.8) whereas highest EC was found in T6 (50% RDF +10 ton farm yard manure + vermicompost@2 ton ha-1 + azotobacter ha-1) (0.27 dsm-1). The highest bulk density found under T1 (Control) ( 2.02 gcm-3) and porosity was highest in T8 (25 % RDF + azotobacter + vermicompost@ 2 ton ha-1) (37.96%). In T6 (50% RDF +10 ton farm yard manure + vermicompost@2 ton ha-1 + azotobacter ha-1), the highest amount of Nitrogen (412.3 kgh-1), phosphorus (67.77 kgh-1), potassium (884.3 kgh-1) and organic carbon (0.567%) was found. In terms of yield parameters, the grain yield (4223 kgh-1), straw yield (6266 kgh-1), harvest index (41.53%) and 1000- seed weight (366.86gms) was found highest in T6 ((50% RDF +10 ton farm yard manure + vermicompost@2 ton ha-1 + azotobacter ha-1). There are significant difference in all the treatements with respect to the physio-chemical properties of soil and yield paramters of maize.

Effect of Nano Zeolite, Nano Micronutrients and Biocapsules on Plant Growth, Head Yield and Quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var Italica)

The present investigation was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj (U.P.), during the Rabi season of the year 2020–21. The experiment was laid out in a randomised block design with three replications and 15 treatments. T15 N P K (RDF) + Nanozeolite 50 ppm (Soil drenching)+ Biocapsule 500 ppm+ folia application of ZnO and FeO nano particles & T13 N P K (RDF) + Biocapsule 500 ppm (soil drenching) + foliar application of ZnO and FeOnano particles was found to be the best in Plant height, leaf area, and no of leaves. Again In terms of yield parameters, the treatment T15 N P K (RDF) + Nanozeolite 50 ppm (Soil drenching) + Biocapsule 500 ppm+ folia application of ZnO and FeO nano particles performed best in Head diameter (cm), Marketable Head Yield/plot (kg), Marketable Head Yield/hectare (q/ha), Harvest Index (%) (18.68 cm, 3.15 kg, 212.86 qh, 90.65%).

Effect of nitrogen and potassium management on performance of potato crop

The present investigation was carried out at the experimental farm of Doon (P.G.) College of Agriculture and Allied Science, Rampur, Selaqui, Dehradun during rabi season of 2018-19. The experiment comprised of eight treatments comprising basal and foliar application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers along with a control treatment arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The observations were recorded for various growth and yield parameters. Results of the experiment indicated significant effect of different nitrogen and potash doses application on various parameters. The treatment T8 (50% RDK + Spray of K2SO4 @ 2% at 30 DAP) was found to be the best for improving growth characters, while treatment T4 (RDF160:100:120kg NPK/ha) was found best in terms of yield parameters. Based on the results of present investigation, it could be concluded that application of RDF 160: 100: 120 kg NPK/ ha can still be adopted by the farmers but with split applications of nitrogen and potassium as recommended dose for commercial cultivation of potato under present climatic conditions to achieve higher net returns per unit area provided all other agronomic package of practices are followed.

Field Performance of Improved Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties under Rainfed Condition of Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) production is attributed to low yield of the local cultivars with an indeterminate growth habit, uneven ripening of capsules, seed shattering, susceptibility to waterlogging and lack of adequate research findings. A field experiment was conducted in the Dr. Purnendu Gain Field Laboratory, Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna to study the yield performance of some improved sesame varieties under rainfed conditions of Bangladesh. Six varieties of sesame viz. T6, Batiaghata local Til, Bina Til-1, BARI Til-2, BARI Til-3 and BARI Til-4 were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were collected on various yield parameters during harvest. Almost all the yield attributes were found higher in BARI Til-4 and Batiaghata Local Til except capsule length (BINA Til-1 possessed the longest capsules). These two varieties were recorded extra branches per plant (7.07 and 6.93), more number of capsules per plant (89.15 and 84.60), higher number of seeds per capsule (84.79 and 80.20) and higher harvest index (25.46 and 24.49%). The values mentioned in the parentheses did not differ significantly. As expected from the results, BARI Til-4 and Batiaghata Local Til produced statistically similar seed yields on unit area basis (1.29 and 1.13 t ha-1). Seed yield (g plant-1 as well as t ha-1) was well correlated with dry matter (g plant-1), biological yield (t ha-1) and harvest index (%) as revealed by simple regression analyses. Based on the findings of the study, the variety BARI Til-4 and Batiaghata Local Til may be recommended for cultivation in Khulna region under rainfed condition as it showed better performance in terms of yield parameters.

Application of Taxonomic Classification in Soil Fertility Management Using Maize (<i>Zea mays </i>L<i>.</i>) as Test Crop in Alfisols of Makurdi, Benue State

The Alfisols of Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State was studied with the aim to characterize and classify the soils and determine the optimum fertilizer rate for maize production on the selected soil type of the study area. The soils were formed on Makurdi sand stone, deep (141 cm) and well drained. They were coarse-textured and moderately acidic in reaction (pH 6.6 – 7.0). They had low organic carbon contents ranging from 3.36 to 3.78 % and high base saturation of 58.6 % to 77.4 %. Based on the physical and chemical characteristics, the soils were classified as Eutric Ochrustalfs/Eutric Luvisols. In terms of growth parameters; plant height and number of leaves were not significantly different while leaf area, leaf area index and the stem diameter were significantly different. The highest (130.60 cm, 12.30 and 79.88 mm) plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter were observed at the rate of NPK 150:75:75 kg/ha of fertilizer. In terms of yield parameters, ear weight and grain yield were not statistically significant whereas, ear length and ear diameter were statistically significant. However, NPK 60:30:30 kg/ha showed the highest (178 g) ear weight while application of NPK 150:75:75 kg/ha gave the highest (2.82 kg) grain yield. Since there was no significant difference between the fertilizer rates, it could be concluded that the minimum application rate (NPK 60:30:30 kg/ha) should be used in cultivating maize in Alfisols of Makurdi instead of the highest or the blanket recommendation which involved higher cost.

Construction and Evaluation of Pyramidal Hill for Cassava <i>(Manihot Esculenta Crantz)</i> Production in Bataan, Philippines

This study was conducted to assess the effects of pyramidal hill in the growth of cassava. However, as observed, the pyramidal hills did not remain pyramidal in shape due to soil compaction. In this study, three parameters were observed to evaluate the results of the study; crop parameters, soil parameters and yield parameters. There were two blocks that contained four treatments with five replications each treatment. Three of the four treatments were in different dimensions of pyramidal hill while one treatment is non-hilled and conventionally hoed which is used by common farmers. Three measurements of hill were used in reference to the base and height; (T1) 40 cm by 40 cm, (T2) 50 cm by 50 cm, (T3) 60 cm by 60 cm and (T4) 60 cm by 10 cm approximately. As a result, the highest averages of plant height recorded were in T3. In the aspect of soil compaction data based on penetrometer’s reading, the highest compaction was recorded in T4, while the rest of treatments had not significant differences. Significant differences were also observed in terms of yield parameters. It was recorded that replications in T3 for both blocks had the highest yield. The used of pyramidal in cassava production showed beneficial effects on the growth and yield of crops. Favorable increase in height was observed through measurements and higher weight was attained among tubers.

Summer sesame response to irrigation methods and mulching

Experiment was conducted at Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), India by adopting split plot design with 12 treatment combinations comprising irrigation method as a main factor with six levels viz., border irrigation (control), four high discharge drip irrigation with online drippers of 4, 8, 14, 20 lph discharge having various dripper and lateral spacing and sub-surface porous pipe irrigation system. Mulching was used as a sub-factor with two levels viz., 5 t/ha wheat straw and no mulch. Irrigation was scheduled based on surface wetting front movement study for high discharge drip irrigation systems. The response of sesame was evaluated in terms of yield parameters, weed intensity, water use efficiency and economics. Porous pipe irrigation system and 4 lph drip irrigations gave significantly higher grain yield of 1623 and 1554 kg/ha i. e. 35 and 29% higher than control, respectively. Mulching resulted in 11.2% higher yield and 39% less weed intensity than no mulch. Increase in dripper discharge resulted in decrease in sesame yield, all the drip irrigation treatments resulted in higher yield than border irrigation. Cost of irrigation reduced as dripper discharge increased; the highest benefit: cost ratio of 4.0 was found under the treatment with 14 lph dripper discharge. Drip irrigation treatment with dripper discharge × dripper spacing × lateral spacing as 14 lph x 0.8 x 2.1 m with 5 t/ha wheat straw mulch proved to be the best irrigation treatment for sesame cultivation considering yield parameters, weed intensity and cost economics.

Yield parameters in young jojoba plants and their relation to actual yield in later years

A total of 30 jojoba clones, among them six already commercial clones and 24 newly selected ones were characterized in terms of yield parameters, chilling requirements and morphological traits. The aim was to supply farmers (from Israel and abroad) better yielding clones. Considerable variability was found among the clones in all the parameters. Some clones exhibited excellent vegetative traits related to yield potential, such as a high survival rate, rapid growth, extensive branching, high node density, while others exhibited outstanding reproductive traits, such as earliness, high flower density, high percentage of fruit set, high seed weight, and high wax content in the seed. The clones also differed in their wax composition. Plants began to yield 2 years after planting in the field, some having commercial yields as early as their third year. The best clones with respect to wax yield were Hazerim, Negev, BGU, Forti, and Gvati, all new clones not yet planted in commercial plantations. An attempt to relate yield parameters at the third year to wax yield at their sixth year was made. The height in the third year and the flower index, relative fruit set and seed weight were related to yield. The flowering pattern of all clones was followed up during the season 1993/94, which was characterized by a combination of cool night temperatures with warm days. This weather enabled the clones that broke dormancy to flower during the winter instead of spring. We were thus able to identify clones with different chilling requirement. In conclusion some very promising clones with high yields can be added to our commercial clones. Owing to the new information gathered on depth of dormancy and flowering pattern, clones can also be allocated to environments differing in climatic conditions.