Terms Of Various Variables Research Articles

Teaching, research, and third mission efficiency of universities: A data envelopment analysis and hybrid multi‐criteria decision‐making approach

AbstractPrevious studies on the efficiency of higher education institutions have generally approached the functions of higher education from a limited perspective, and the studies have followed traditional methods. The aim of this study is to determine the teaching, research, and third mission technical efficiency of universities, to rank efficient universities, to identify potential areas for improvement, and to examine the determinants of efficiency scores and the differences in scores in terms of various variables. In this study, the efficiency of 187 universities was measured by data envelopment analysis. Efficiency criteria were weighted by both objective and subjective multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) methods and ranked by different MCDM methods. Beta and Linear regression were performed to determine the factors on efficiency scores. According to the results of the study, the most efficient universities are in the fields of research, teaching, and third mission, respectively. Budget criterion is the most important input criterion. Number of graduates, number of publications, and number of social responsibility projects are the most important output criteria. Having an older history positively predicts teaching and research efficiency. The size of universities and being located in developed regions negatively predict research and third mission efficiency. There is a positive relationship between rankings in teaching, research, and third mission. This research provides more comprehensive information to universities by considering teaching, research, and third mission efficiency separately. Second, this research proposes a new methodology for higher education efficiency measurement by integrating DEA and hybrid MCDM. Finally, this research provides new insights by analyzing factors related to teaching, research, and tertiary mission efficiency.

A Study on Attitutes of Postgraduate Students In Educational Sciences And Teaching Departments Towards Distance Education In Terms of Various Variables

The aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes of postgraduate students in the fields of educational science and teaching at universities in Turkiye towards distance learning, in terms of different variables, in the spring semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. Mixed method sequential explanatory design was used in the study. The sample of the study was determined using the snowball sampling method. The sample consisted of a total of 321 students, of which 238 were female (74.1%) and 83 were male (24.9%). The data of the study were collected through the Personal Information Form and the Attitude Towards Distance Education Scale. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained from the scale, it was found that the students' attitude towards distance education was undecided. As a result of the analysis, a significant difference at .05 level was found in favour of doctoral students according to the variable of postgraduate degree. A significant difference at the .05 level was found in favour of distance learning students according to whether they took distance learning before the pandemic, and in favour of distance learning students according to whether they took distance learning during the pandemic. The results of the research are important in terms of revealing the attitudes and opinions of students exposed to distance education with a rapid transition during the pandemic process.

The role of technological devices in parent-children interactions: The correlated variables of children’s well-being and life satisfaction

This study aims to examine children’s well-being and life satisfaction in terms of various variables related to parents’ and children’s problematic technology usage. Specifically, parent/child responses during their technology use and parents' phubbing and technoference behaviors were considered. The study was conducted with 185 children (8–14) and their parents (mother = 96, father = 89). The data were analyzed by performing correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, t test, and one-way ANOVA. According to the results, there were negative correlations between children’s life satisfaction and age, children’s technological device (smartphone, computer) usage time, and children/parents responding negatively to each other when engaged in technological devices. Children’s well-being was negatively correlated to their age and children/parents responding negatively to each other when engaged in technological devices. A positive correlation was found between children’s life satisfaction and well-being as well as parents’ phubbing and technoference. According to another result, the well-being of children having their own computer was significantly higher than those who do not have a computer. Finally, children/parents responding negatively to each other when engaged in technological devices negatively predicted the children’s life satisfaction and well-being.

A Mixed-Method Study on the Distance Education Process Experienced in the Faculties of Education

Based on the experiences of preservice Turkish teachers (PTTs) along with the transition to distance education, the objective of this study was to evaluate their views on this process in terms of various variables and determine the problems they experienced during the distance education process. One hundred eighty PTTs constituted the sample of the present mixed-method study. Afterward, 40 PTTs were selected from the sample by the criterion sampling method, and their responses to open-ended questions constituted the qualitative data. The data were collected online using the “Interview Form for Distance Education” developed through Google Forms. Descriptive statistical (percentage and frequency distributions) techniques, the chi-square technique for a single sample and two variables were used to analyze quantitative data, and the qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. The study showed that most PTTs regarded the attainments obtained through distance education as not equivalent to face-to-face education, and there was no significant relationship between these views and gender, grade level, and grade point average. However, there was a significant relationship between PTTs’ problems in distance education, their places of residence, and connection speed. Furthermore, while quite few PTTs thought that distance education was beneficial to developing higher-order thinking and language skills and enriching interaction, most preservice teachers found distance education useful in terms of providing an opportunity to repeat the course content and ensuring space and time flexibility.

Examining the Relationship Between Moral Literacy and Art Literacy of University Students

It can be said that individuals who socialize under the roof of education express their artistic understanding of the creatures they choose or be influenced by the moral understanding they choose and are influenced by. It is important how individuals paint the world with the paint of their moral character on the basis of the education they receive, rather than in which field they are educated. Painting here is a kind of art. Art is individual and has a place in almost every branch. For example, with their own morals, architects build the world, doctors heal the world, painters draw and color the world, teachers educate the world, and musicians gift the world with melodies. These created worlds are manifested by the representation of the moral aspects of the minds. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between moral literacy and art literacy of university students studying in different departments in terms of various variables. Relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the research. The sample of the study consists of 242 university students studying in different departments of Kırıkkale University. As data collection tools in this study, the scales developed by Tekin (2022) in "The Moral Literacy" and Yücetoker (2014) " The Art Literacy " were used. SPSS 25.0 statistical package program was used in the analysis of the data. According to the results obtained, it has been observed that there is a positive and 'moderate' relationship between the moral literacy and art literacy levels of university students studying at different faculties and having different socioeconomic levels. With the results of this research, it is thought that it may be beneficial for higher education authorities to carry out studies in order not to limit the moral and artistic ideas and skills of young university students with their socioeconomic levels.

Examination of the number sense performance of gifted students in terms of various variables

In this study, it is aimed to examine performance of number sense of gifted students in terms of gender, grade levels,number sense self-efficacy and number sense components. In line with the studies in the literature, due to the insufficent research on the number sense on students who diagnosed with special talents in our country, it is felt that in this research we need to study with these student and examine the level of student of this category in the scope of relevant study in terms of various variables. A quantitative descriptive research model was used to determine carefully and completely the level of students’ number sense and their existing situations that is related to it. The study group consists of 6th and 7th-grade students attending Science and Art Centers located in 12 provinces in the Eastern Anatolia Region during the 2022-2023 academic year .286 students attended in this research that included 184 students in the 6th grade and 102 students in the 7th grade. This study included the Number Sense Scale and the Number Sense Self-Efficacy Scale as a data collection tools. It is indicated that in this research students diagnosed with special abilities didn't show high level of number sense performance; instead, they prefer rule-based solutions.It is revealed that , the component “flexibility in calculation” is the most succeded one among the components of number sense.When the students’ grade level increases, it has been observed that , the number sense performance of students improves.When number sense performance was examined based on gender, it was seen that male students used number sense more than female students.When the relationship between the number sense test scores and number sense self-efficacy scores of gifted students was examined, an expressive positive correlation was found between the scores.

Research on the Relationship Between Ski and Snowboard Athletes’ Fear of Failure and Their Sport Enjoyment and Goal Orientation

Enjoying sport is a critical factor in understanding the sources of athletes’ enthusiasm for sport, creating enjoyable sport experiences for young athletes, maintaining their participation in sport, and setting specific goals. It is well known that fear of failure is amongst the main motivational problems on the path to achieving set goals. The inability to eliminate the fear of failure can lead to a decline in the level of fulfilment, satisfaction, and pleasure, interfering with the achievement of goals set by the athlete for a specific purpose. From this point of view, the aim of our study is to examine the effects of ski and snowboard athletes’ enjoyment of sport and goal orientation on their fear of failure in terms of various variables. This study is quantitative research in which the correlational survey model was applied. The Sources of Sports Enjoyment Scale (SSEE) adapted to Turkish by Çimen and Gürbüz (2008), the Task and Ego Orientation Scale (TEOS) adapted to Turkish by Toros (2004), and The Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory translated into Turkish by Kahraman and Sungur (2016) were used. The population of the study consists of ski and snowboard athletes in Turkey, while the sample group consists of a total of 124 ski and snowboard athletes 72 of whom are male and 25 of whom are female randomly selected from various ski clubs. Significant differences were found in all sub-scales of the participants’ gender variable and sports failure scale, and in both sub-scales of participation level variable and goal orientation. Positive moderate linear relationships were observed between sources of goal orientation, ego orientation and enjoyment of sport, and between ego orientation and goal orientation. Regarding the Failure in Sports scale, the female participants who regularly attended the trainings had, on average, higher scores on the "Participation Level" variable and the "Goal Orientation" scale. As the sources of sports enjoyment increase, goal orientation and ego orientation also increase. As ego orientation increases, goal orientation also increases.Keywords: Fear of Failure, Goal Orientation, Sports, Enjoyment

Examination of the Relationship Between Mobbing Behaviors and Personality Traits Encountered by Physical Education and Sports Teachers

The purpose of the research is to reveal how there is a relationship between the mobbing behaviors that physical education and sports teachers are exposed to and their personality traits in terms of various variables. In the research, relational survey model, which is one of the descriptive research models, has been used. The research group consisted of 304 physical education and sports teachers working in public schools in Ankara. In research, the Personal Information Form, Negative Behavior Scale (NBS) and Five Factor Personality Characteristics Scale (FFPCS) have been used. In data analysis, independent sample t test, one-way analysis of variance (Anova) test, Spearman correlation test and multiple regression analysis have been applied. According to the results of correlation analysis between NBS and FFPCS, it has been specified that there was a weak and significant relationship between the exposure to negative behaviors and extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness sub-dimensions in a negative direction, while a moderate significant relationship was found with the neuroticism sub-dimension in a positive direction.

Examination of the Challenges in Sports Participation of Physically Disabled Students in terms of Various Variables

Bu araştırma, bedensel engelli üniversite öğrencilerinde spora katılımın önündeki zorlanmaları cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, gelir düzeyi, spor deneyimi ve öğrenim görülen fakülte değişkenlikleri açısından incelenmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma nicel yaklaşımlardan tarama modeline göre gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya Ankara ilindeki üniversitelerde öğrenim görmekte olan ve bedensel engeli bulunan 131 üniversite öğrencisi gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve ‘Engelli Bireylerde Spora Katılımın Önündeki Zorlanmalar Ölçeği’ kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde normallik varsayımları sağlanmadığından ikili karşılaştırmalarda Mann Whitney-U, çoklu karşılaştırmalarda ise Kruskal Wallis-H testi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre bedensel engelli öğrencilerde spora katılımın önündeki zorlanmalar öğrenim görülen fakülte ve gelir düzeyine göre farklılaşmazken spor deneyimi ve sınıf düzeyine göre anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Spor deneyimi olan ve üniversite birinci sınıfta öğrenim gören öğrenciler spora katılımda daha az zorlandığı istatistiksel verilere bakılarak söylenebilir. Ayrıca cinsiyet değişkeninde duyuşsal kaçınma boyutu açısından kadın öğrencilerde anlamlı farklılık ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak bedensel engelli öğrencilerde spora katılımın önündeki zorlanmalar incelendiğinde elde edilen değerler çevresel zorlanma boyutunda farklılaşmazken farkındalık ve duyuşsal kaçınma alt boyutları ile ölçek toplamında farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Examination Of The Relationship Between Academicians' Life Long Learning Tendencies And Thinking Styles

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between academicians' lifelong learning tendencies and their thinking styles. Relational descriptive method was used in the research. All academicians working in higher education institutions in the 2022-2023 academic year were determined as the population of the research. After obtaining the necessary permissions, the scale was applied to a sample group of 1554 people, by reaching all universities by means of official letters and e-mails to the institutional e-mail addresses of the individuals. Personal Information Form, “Lifelong Learning Tendency Scale” and “Rational-Experiential Thinking Styles Scale” were used as data collection tools. The obtained data were transferred to the statistical package program. In the light of the sub-problems, it was examined whether the scale scores differed in terms of various variables (education level, academic title, field of science). The results were classified according to sociodemographic variables and presented in frequency tables. In accordance with the results obtained from the variables, Kruskal Wallis H test and Spearman-Brown Correlation Analysis were performed, and Mann Whitney U test was applied to determine the direction of the differences. Based on the findings, it was concluded that academicians have a high level of lifelong learning tendencies. While the lifelong learning tendencies of academicians differ according to the variables of educational status and field of science; did not differ according to academic title variables. It was concluded that the academicians' thinking styles levels were at a moderate level. The thinking styles of the academicians differed in terms of educational status, academic title and field of science variables. It has been concluded that the relationship between academicians' lifelong learning tendencies and thinking styles is at a significant level in terms of total and sub-dimension scores, generally below the medium level and in a positive direction.

One Step Before Disaster: Determining Individuals’ Perceptions of Global Warming and Climate Change in Terms of Different Demographic Variables

Aim of study: The friendship between humankind and nature ended with the mechanization process initiated by the Industrial Revolution. Today, we are faced with the problems of global warming and climate change due to human factors such as fossil fuel consumption and the destruction of vegetation. These two problems promise us a warmer world, melting glaciers, burning forests, and thousands of dead people in the future. Research indicates that people’s awareness is the most important factor in combating the disastrous consequences of global warming and climate change. Based on this fact, this study aims to examine individuals’ perceptions of global warming and climate change in terms of various variables. 
 Material and methods: The research was conducted with 2022 participants in line with the screening model. A perception scale on global warming and climate change was used as a data collection tool. The obtained data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U, and Kruskal Wallis Tests.
 Main results: As a result of the research, it has been determined that female participants have a positive attitude towards global warming and climate change compared to male participants, and as the age level of individuals increases, their perceptions of global warming and climate change increase. 
 Research highlights: Awareness of people is the most important factor in the fight against the consequences of global warming and climate change. As a result of the data collected from 2022 participants, it was determined that female participants' perceptions of global warming and climate change were more positive than male participants

Investigation of Graduate and Doctoral Students' Attitudes towards Postgraduate Education According to Various Variables

The aim of this study is to examine the attitudes of graduate and doctoral students towards postgraduate education in terms of various variables. For this purpose, the research was designed in the survey model. The participants of the research are 663 students who are continuing their postgraduate education at a university. The data were collected with the “Attitude towards Postgraduate Education Scale” developed by Çetin et al. (2023). In the analysis of the data, Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test, which are non-parametric tests, were used according to the structure of the variables in the data set. As a result of the Kruskal-Wallis H test and the Mann-Whitney U test, the effect sizes of the variables with significant differences between them were determined and interpreted. As a result of the research, it was seen that more than half of the participants had a positive attitude towards postgraduate education. In the sub-dimensions of valuing postgraduate education and giving importance to postgraduate education, a significant difference was found in favor of female students in the scores of attitudes towards postgraduate education within the gender variable. No significant difference was observed in any of the sub-dimensions in terms of the age variable. In terms of the variable of the department where the postgraduate education is given, the attitude scores of the students studying in the education departments showed a significant difference in the first two dimensions, compared to the students of the science departments. When the students' attitude scores were analyzed according to the type of program, it was observed that there was a significant difference in favor of doctoral students in the first two dimensions.

Content Analysis of Articles on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Secondary School Science Teachers in Türkiye

In this study, it is aimed to examine the trends of the studies on technological pedagogical content competencies and technology integration of science teachers in Türkiye in the last 10 years in terms of purpose, year of publication, journal of publication, method, sample selection, data collection tools, data analysis and remarkable results of the studies. In this direction, content analysis method was used in the research. A total of twenty-one academic articles accessed from Web of Science, EBSCOHOST and Google Scholar databases including Türkiye index were analyzed in August 2023. The data were analyzed by content analysis. The analyzed data were presented in the form of tables and graphs with the help of percentages and frequencies. As a result of the research, it was determined that the most common purpose of the studies was "determining TPACK levels and examining them in terms of various variables", the most publications were in 2016 and 2019, the related studies were mostly published in "Education and Science", "Education and Information Technologies" and "Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty" journals, the most frequently used method was quantitative, the most frequently used sample group was convenient sampling / easily accessible sampling, the most frequently used data collection tool was scale and the most frequently used data analysis was Anavo-Ancova. Among the remarkable results of the studies, it was determined that "Teachers' TPACK levels are high". It is recommended that more in-depth and detailed qualitative research be conducted on TPACK for science teachers.

Ortaokul 6. Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Yazma Becerilerinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi

Communication is a skill that people have used since ancient times. Although communication differs in terms of its features in the process, it can be basically defined as the ability to understand and explain. The concept of "writing" has a special place in the skill of telling. Because the development of civilizations has generally been thanks to written culture. Knowledge and culture have been transferred to future generations through writings and have preserved their importance until today. The aim of this study is to examine the 6th grade students' ability to express their feelings, thoughts, dreams and impressions in writing, considering the importance of writing skills, in terms of various variables. In this direction, the case study design, one of the qualitative research methods, was preferred in the study. The research group of the study consists of 75 students at the 6th grade level in a state secondary school located in the southeast of Turkey and 5 Turkish teachers working in the same institution. In the data collection process of the study, firstly, a text with a free theme was written to the students. The data obtained from these texts were analyzed with the writing skill level determination rubric prepared by Bahşi (2018). In addition, student writings were evaluated in accordance with the scoring directive by using the attitude scale developed by Can and Ünal (2017) to determine the students' attitudes towards writing. Then, semi-structured interviews were conducted with Turkish teachers. In these interviews, teachers' opinions were taken on the variables that affect the students' writing skill levels. When the findings obtained from the study were interpreted, it was seen that the students' writing skill levels were not sufficient, but their attitudes towards writing were positive. In addition, this situation was affected by teacher, student, program and environment variables as a whole. However, it is seen that the environment variable negatively affects the level of writing skill in a dominant way.

Examination of Foreign Students’ Anxiety in Learning Turkish in Terms of Various Variables

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of anxiety level on foreign language success and to examine the level of anxiety in terms of various variables in learning Turkish as a foreign language. Descriptive analysis and measurement by scanning was used. Anxiety levels of students learning Turkish as a foreign language were examined in terms of various variables. "Foreigners' Turkish Learning Anxiety Scale" was applied. In conclusion; Anxiety is an effective factor in learning Turkish as a foreign language. While sufficient level of anxiety facilitates learning, high level of anxiety makes learning difficult. As a new concept, we can call it motivational anxiety. Anxiety levels of students do not differ significantly according to gender, country and time they live. When the anxiety levels of the students learning Turkish as a foreign language are examined according to the variable of the number of languages they know, there is a significant difference in favor of those who speak 4 languages or more. Since the majority of the students are at a moderate level in terms of both academic and self-esteem, it is thought that a moderate level of anxiety will contribute to success.

Analysis of language teachers digital literacy levels in terms of various variables

Analysis of language teachers digital literacy levels in terms of various variables

Classroom Teachers’ Perception Levels On Flipped Learning

The process of education and training is one of the most affected and compelled fields to change by technology which changes and progresses every day. It cannot be expected for a uniform education that is stuck in certain patterns to meet the needs of the current age. In the recent years, the process of education has acquired a new format under the name flipped education with the influence of global factors and technological advancements. Flipped education has affected all its partakers and cause them to make changes. The aim of this study is to analyze the perception of classroom teachers, who are one of the most important partakers of education, of flipped learning in terms of various variables. With this purpose, a study group consisting of 306 classroom teachers who worked in primary schools affiliated with the Ministry of Education in the 2021- 2022 academic year were selected through the maximum variation sampling method. The data of the study were collected through the Flipped Learning Perception Scale developed by Erensayın (2019) which consists of four sub-dimensions as, teacher self-efficacy, technological competence, pedagogical competence, and technological-pedagogical competence. According to the results of the study, it was determined that there is a significant difference in favor of mostly male teachers in terms of gender; there is a significant difference in favor of teachers who have received flipped learning training in terms of training on flipped learning and that there is a significant difference between the teachers with the most seniority and teachers with medium level seniority in terms of professional seniority. No difference was found in terms of the grade level the teachers taught.

Investigation of Teacher Candidates' Tendencies towards Digital Speech

This study aims to examine Turkish language and literature and Turkish teacher candidates' tendencies towards digital speech. In this context, participants' digital speech tendencies were analyzed in terms of various variables. These variables include gender, the department they study at the university, whether they have previously participated in an online meeting or program as a speaker, social media use, whether they have taken a course on "communication, effective communication, human relations and communication, oral expression, speech training", and digital speech skills. Variables include having prior knowledge, preferring face-to-face communication, preferring speaking, and preferring online/distance communication. The research was conducted on a total of 296 teacher candidates (231 female, 65 males) studying at a university in eastern Turkey. The study was conducted in the survey model. According to the results of the research, teacher candidates' digital speech tendencies were determined in terms of variables such as department, having previously participated in an online meeting as a speaker, using social media applications, having taken undergraduate-level communication, effective communication, human relations and communication, oral expression, speaking training" courses. However, significant differences were found in terms of some variables such as gender, level of knowledge about digital speech, preference for face-to-face communication and speaking, and preference for online and distance communication. In addition, it was determined that 80% of the teacher candidates had a medium level of digital speech tendencies. These results provide an important perspective for better understanding and developing the digital speech tendencies of teacher candidates.

Investigation of time management skills of pre-service teachers in terms of various variables

The study aimed to examine the time management skills of pre-service teachers in terms of various variables. The study is important in terms of both quantitative and qualitative data in terms of planning time, being aware of the importance of time and knowing their habits that will make them waste time and revealing what their attitudes are about it. The study group of the research consists of Turkish pre-service teachers. "Time Management Questionnaire" and three open-ended questions were used as data collection tools. The results of the study show that pre-service Turkish teachers' time management skills differ according to gender, academic gpa, daily smartphone use and daily book reading habits; there was no significant difference according to the grade variable. In the study, it was concluded that as the daily smartphone usage time of pre-service teachers increased, their time management skill scores decreased; as the daily book reading time increased, their time management skill scores increased. The qualitative findings of the study showed that the majority of the pre-service teachers made short or long term plans, were aware of the importance of time and its efficient use, and the habit that they thought spent too much of their time was the smartphone; quantitative findings showed that the pre-service teachers' time management was at the "medium" level. We believe that the results of the study on determining the situations of pre-service teachers regarding time management through quantitative and qualitative data will both contribute to the field and guide further studies.

A Content Analysis of Postgraduate Thesis on Tennis Branch

The aim of this study is to examine the postgraduate thesis studies prepared in the field of Tennis in terms of various variables and to provide guiding information to researchers by reminding certain criteria in writing thesis and abstract. This study is important in terms of showing the general situation of the postgraduate thesis abstracts in this field by analyzing the theses made in the postgraduate thesis studies related to the tennis branch. According to the data obtained from the studies in the National Thesis Center of the Presidency of the Council of Higher Education, it was determined that the total study was limited to 254. In this direction, it is necessary to encourage the increase in the research frequency and number of Master’s and Doctoral studies on tennis, and it is expected that the results and findings to be obtained with the guidance to be made in order to increase the frequency of the studies to be done will guide the researchers, educators and academics who will work in the field of tennis. It is thought that the contribution to the field will increase when more attention is paid to the research methodology part of the theses to be made and the academic advisors follow the process closely. The information given in the abstract is important for researchers and academics. It is expected that the information given in the abstract will be a guide for future studies. Knowing the research topics, methods and data analysis methods used in the field of tennis from the past to the present is of great importance for researchers who will conduct further studies. For this reason, it can be said that it is very useful to carry out similar studies frequently in order to determine the status of the studies in the field of tennis in Turkey or around the World.