Terms Of Time Use Research Articles

Improving Quality of ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision) Coding Using AI: Protocol for a Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial.

Computer-assisted clinical coding (CAC) tools are designed to help clinical coders assign standardized codes, such as the ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision), to clinical texts, such as discharge summaries. Maintaining the integrity of these standardized codes is important both for the functioning of health systems and for ensuring data used for secondary purposes are of high quality. Clinical coding is an error-prone cumbersome task, and the complexity of modern classification systems such as the ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision) presents significant barriers to implementation. To date, there have only been a few user studies; therefore, our understanding is still limited regarding the role CAC systems can play in reducing the burden of coding and improving the overall quality of coding. The objective of the user study is to generate both qualitative and quantitative data for measuring the usefulness of a CAC system, Easy-ICD, that was developed for recommending ICD-10 codes. Specifically, our goal is to assess whether our tool can reduce the burden on clinical coders and also improve coding quality. The user study is based on a crossover randomized controlled trial study design, where we measure the performance of clinical coders when they use our CAC tool versus when they do not. Performance is measured by the time it takes them to assign codes to both simple and complex clinical texts as well as the coding quality, that is, the accuracy of code assignment. We expect the study to provide us with a measurement of the effectiveness of the CAC system compared to manual coding processes, both in terms of time use and coding quality. Positive outcomes from this study will imply that CAC tools hold the potential to reduce the burden on health care staff and will have major implications for the adoption of artificial intelligence-based CAC innovations to improve coding practice. Expected results to be published summer 2024. The planned user study promises a greater understanding of the impact CAC systems might have on clinical coding in real-life settings, especially with regard to coding time and quality. Further, the study may add new insights on how to meaningfully exploit current clinical text mining capabilities, with a view to reducing the burden on clinical coders, thus lowering the barriers and paving a more sustainable path to the adoption of modern coding systems, such as the new ICD-11. clinicaltrials.gov NCT06286865; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06286865. DERR1-10.2196/54593.

Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara Di Badan Kepegawaian Daerah Kabupaten Jayawijaya

This study aims to find out how, the performance of the state civil apparatus in the Jayawijaya district civil service agency. This research was carried out from February to May 2023. The selection of respondents was done deliberately. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was collected through interviews, based on questionnaires, to the head of the field and honorary staff respectively. jayawijaya district civil service. So that the total respondents were 6 people. Secondary data was obtained from related agencies, namely through the Jayawijaya Regency Regional Personnel Agency for Human Resources. Secondary data was also obtained through books obtained from local bookstores and the internet via Google Scholar in the form of books, journal articles and theses related to the topic of this research, namely the Performance of State Civil Apparature at the Jayawijaya Civil Service Agency. The results of the study show that the assessment of the performance of state civil servants in the Jayaawijaya Regency Regional Civil Service Agency is not optimal. Because there are still some problems. Based on the quantity indicator, it shows that there are still targets that have not been implemented and work that has exceeded the target, thus increasing the workload. In terms of quality, it was found that many mistakes were made in carrying out the work due to a lack of accuracy and understanding. In terms of time use, it was found that there were still many employees who had not used working hours effectively. Based on the existing problems, there are several suggestions that can be made, namely to increase discipline in working time, the need to improve the quality of work under supervision, provide punishment for employees who violate the provisions of working time and provide rewards for superior performing employees, the need for routine employee development programs , it is necessary to use a finger print for attendance, as well as adding office facilities that are lacking and routine maintenance of facilities and infrastructure.

STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF USING VIDEO DUBBING TECHNIQUE FOR SPEAKING SKILL IN GUANG MING SEVENT GRADE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL JAMBI

This present study investigated the Students Perception of Using Video Dubbing Technique for Speaking Skill in Guang Ming Seventh Junior High School. Furthermore, it aimed to know How are the students’ perception in learning speaking skill by using video dubbing technique. This research is using qualitative method and phenomenology approach. The data analysis in this research are the interview protocol which use purposive sampling to gather the data. The research findings highlighted the following themes. Themes related to students’ experiences in learning Speaking by using Video Dubbing Technique. The finding showed that the students feel fun in learning Speaking. Video Dubbing makes learning more efficient in terms of time use. The students stated that video dubbing technique is an Interesting Method to learning speaking. And also by using video dubbing technique the students stated that using this method made the learning more fun and no time consuming.

Understanding Resource Allocation Processes in Social Care for Frail Older People: Lessons from a National Survey

Context: Traditionally local authorities in England allocated resources in social care following a professional assessment of need and a costed care plan. With the introduction of personal budgets, resource allocation tools have been used to provide service users with an initial indicative budget for their care. This is promoted as being more transparent, equitable and giving people greater control over decisions about their care. Objective: This study examined the different approaches to resource allocation and the content of resource allocation tools used for social care in England. Methods: Information was obtained from local authorities about their resource allocation systems. An analytic framework was developed and applied to the tools to explore: who identified needs; whether informal and formal support were recorded; and whether 17 need indicators covering functional status, mental health, and health and wellbeing were present and in what detail. Findings: Ninety-one per cent of 152 authorities responded and 61 per cent of authorities’ tools were analysed. Three approaches were identified: points-based self-assessment tools; standardised assessment data (FACE); and non-points-based/ready reckoner tools. Most authorities used a points-based self-assessment tool. All tools included the service user’s views and a high proportion included a professional’s view, while fewer covered the carer’s view on need. Coverage and presence of detail for the 17 need indicators showed high variation and was least on points-based self-assessment tools. Limitations: The study is the first to examine a large sample of resource allocation tools and provides a valuable baseline for future work. However, non-points-based/ready reckoner tools were under-represented in the sample. Implications: Further research could build upon this study to examine key properties of the tools used such as reliability, validity, sensitivity and specificity; and explore their impact upon service users and staff in terms of time use, cost, utility and equity.

Coexistence of predators in time: Effects of season and prey availability on species activity within a Mediterranean carnivore guild.

The degree of coexistence among predators can determine the structure of ecological communities. Niche partitioning is a common strategy applied by species to enhance their coexistence. Diet, habitat, or time use can be responsible for segregation among carnivore species, the latter factor being the least studied in Mediterranean ecosystems. Terrestrial medium‐sized carnivores (i.e., mesocarnivores) carry out important functions in ecosystems, and identifying their interactions is essential for their conservation.In this study, we explore the activity of a terrestrial mesocarnivore guild in order to determine seasonal differences in daily activity patterns of competitors and prey. We also investigate how the abundance of a common mesocarnivore prey in the region, small mammals, influences the activity of predators.During a year, camera trap devices (n = 18) were installed in Montseny Natural Park (Catalan Pre‐Coastal Range, North‐East Iberian Peninsula), a region that hosts five mesocarnivore species. Camera trapping detections were used to estimate their daily activity patterns and corresponding overlaps. We also surveyed small mammal plots (n = 5) in order to calculate prey abundance and test its effect on the relative activity of each carnivore species.Despite all target mesocarnivores are mainly nocturnal, the activity overlap among them varies according to species particularities and season. Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) appears as a generalist species in terms of time use, whereas stone marten (Martes foina) and genet (Genetta genetta) show the most similar activity patterns and both of them seem to be positively influenced by small mammal abundance. Overall, the diversity found in the way mesocarnivore species use time could facilitate their coexistence.Despite activity pattern similarities among carnivore species should not be directly translated to negative interactions, they can have a strong influence in habitat and resource‐limited ecosystems. Therefore, activity overlaps should be taken into account when discussing wildlife management actions.

The effect of delaying school start time on adolescents’ time use and health: evidence from a policy change in South Korea

ABSTRACT This paper examines how delaying school start time to 9 o’clock affected the time use and health of secondary-school students in South Korea. To identify the causal effects of delaying school start time, we used a difference-in-differences methodology with two nationally representative datasets to take advantage of a unique natural experiment in South Korea. We found that the policy led students to sleep 16.1 min more on weekdays and 7.6 min less a day over the weekend, increasing sleep satisfaction among the affected students. Furthermore, the policy contributed to increased growth and improved mental health. However, the effects of the policy were not uniform across subgroups. In terms of time use, students from the highest socioeconomic group increased their sleep duration most. In contrast, students from the middle and lowest socioeconomic categories increased their use of electronic devices and decreased their study time compared to students from the highest socioeconomic group. We provide evidence that these behavioural differences by socioeconomic group could be related to the degree of parental monitoring and available economic resources.

Implications of Digital Inclusion: Digitalization in Terms of Time Use from a Gender Perspective

The implications of digital technologies for the transformation of gender relations and identities have been discussed since the early days of the internet. Although gender studies have identified clear gender gaps in terms of digital inclusion as well as potentialities for the transformation of women’s subjectivity, there is a lack of empirical evidence of the impact of digitalization in terms of time use from a gender perspective. Public policies have begun to address the digital gender gap, but the incorporation of a gender perspective in digital inclusion programmes which promotes women’s emancipation by challenging the gender division of time through use of the internet has been not incorporated in the digital policies agenda. This article aims to provide empirical evidence of the mutual interrelation between the time allocation and digital inclusion from a gender perspective. It considers how gender inequalities in time use shape women’s experience of digital inclusion and, at the same time, how digital inclusion promotes the reconfiguration of time in women’s everyday lives. Qualitative analysis based on episodic interviews explored the representations and practices of internet use by women in their everyday lives. The sample was made up of 32 women who were digitally included through a lifelong learning programme in Spain and had experienced the effects of the Spanish economic crisis. The article argues that digital inclusion does not automatically lead to a more egalitarian allocation of time use for women, but rather places greater value on women’s free time.

Interaction between time organization and participation dimensions among higher education students

Introduction In today's academic world, higher education students from all study areas are expected to simultaneously cope with a variety of assignments, which increases stress levels. This tension may affect productivity, health and quality of life. Hence, it is important for students to adopt effective time organization and management techniques. This study aims to characterize time organization and participation dimensions, and the relationships between those dimensions among undergraduate students. Method The research sample consisted of 60 undergraduate students who completed several questionnaires: demographic, time organization and participation scales assessing daily time organization; an occupational questionnaire; and additional questions for assessing further daily participation dimensions that are unique to students. Results Time-organization ability related to and maintained a predictive relationship with individual daily participation aspects. Particularly, academic and daily routine constituted a majority (44%) of the students' time. Regression analysis indicated that the way the students' daily activities were organized in terms of time use explained between 12% and 18% of the variance of daily participation dimensions as performance, enjoyment and motivation levels. Conclusion Time-organization abilities significantly affected students' participation dimensions. Further research is recommended to help develop an assessment and intervention programme suiting student needs and enhancing their productivity potential and wellbeing.

Modelling Gender Dimensions of the Impact of Economic Reforms in Pakistan

Recently, gender-aware computable general equilibrium models (CGE) have been developed to analyse the impact of trade liberalization, with focus on a gender-disaggregated analysis of the production side of the economy. However, these studies ignore the gender-specific consumption effects due to the paucity of gender disaggregated data. We introduce intra-household allocation for the first time in a CGE-framework. The data is arranged in a gender-aware social accounting matrix, which reveals the hidden work of women (market and non-market). This study analyses the gender dimensions of the impact of economic reforms using three types of poverty indicators - FGT, capability, and relative time poverty - calculated on the basis of the simulation results. The study mainly found out that both trade liberalization and cuts in government expenditure are pro-rich. Within poor households, both policies hurt women more than men. Despite declines in absolute poverty in both exercises, the gender composition of the poor population changes in the majority of households. In the trade liberalization exercise, poverty among women relative to men increases in poor households and decreases among the rich, leading to an overall increase in the relative poverty of women in Pakistan. However, in the fiscal adjustment exercise, the incidence of poverty remains constant. In both exercises, time poverty among women relative to men increases in rural areas and decreases in urban areas, leading to an increase in relative poverty among women in Pakistan. The poverty of capabilities among men and women increases in a similar way after trade liberalization when measured by the infant mortality rate, but it affects women more negatively when measured by the literacy rate. Cuts in government expenditure also increase capability poverty among women more than men in both regions and in Pakistan as a whole. The study concludes that prosperity (increase in income), as well as education, can help reduce the gender gap as poverty decreases in relatively rich households, whether it is measured in monetary terms, capability terms, or in terms of time-use.