Terms Of Technical Efficiency Research Articles

Productive Performance of Indian Food Manufacturing Industry: A Sub-Sectoral Analysis in a Stochastic Frontier Framework

This article examines the productive performance of the Indian food manufacturing industry measured in terms of technical efficiency (TE) of its 13 sub-sectors under the organised sector. For estimating their TE, it makes the use of the Cobb–Douglas production technology with the truncated normal distribution of stochastic inefficiency term ( Stevenson, 1980 ) via Jondrow et al. (1982) estimator of cross-sectional data. Data are sourced from the Annual Survey of Industries, 2017–2018. The results show that this industry, as a whole, observed 92% TE in 2017–2018, but among its sub-sectors, it varied between 100% and 74%, that is, they exhibited differential productive performance. Modern sub-sectors, such as fruits and vegetables, edible oils, bakery and beverage products, realised frontier-level efficiency, while sugar and starch products were identified as marginal performers in the industry. The robustness of the results is confirmed by the non-parametric estimates of TE from the data envelopment analysis. The results are expected to be useful in framing specific policies for these two different groups of food processors. In the case of sub-sectors performing below the frontier, policy actions aiming at pure technical and scale efficiencies, such as capacity building, research, skill programmes, and extension activities, need to be operationalised, while for sub-sectors performing at the frontier, only technological progress needs to be prioritised.

Evaluating Hockey Players Using Andersen and Petersen's Super-Efficiency Model: Who is the Best Czech Hockey Player in the NHL?

Abstract Introduction. The aim of this article is to measure and assess the efficiency of Czech hockey players in the NHL, to create a ranking, and to reveal the best Czech hockey players in the NHL. Material and methods. The methodology is based on data envelopment analysis (DEA), namely a basic input-oriented model with constant returns to scale and an advanced Andersen and Petersen's model. Using the Andersen and Petersen's model, a ranking of the best Czech forwards, defenders, and goalkeepers was created based on the super-efficiency scores. DEA models worked with several variables and allowed for greater objectivity to be incorporated into the rankings. The input variable chosen was the number of seasons played. The output variables included the number of games played, the number of minutes played, the number of goals, the number of assists, save percentage, and the number of Stanley Cups won. Results. The research named Jaromír Jágr, Jan Rutta, and Pavel Francouz as the best Czech forward, defender and goalkeeper in the NHL in terms of technical efficiency. Conclusions. The ranking of hockey players based on super-efficiency scores revealed, among other things, that hockey players with a high number of seasons, games played or goals scored are not necessarily technically efficient.

BANGLADEŞ'TE EL TEZGAHI ENDÜSTRİSİNİN TEKNİK VERİMLİLİĞİ: BİR ÇALIŞMA

The handloom textile industry is one of Bangladesh's major labor contributing endeavors that provides income and employment opportunities for a sizable section of rural labor. However, in recent years, the handloom textile industry has been experiencing severe competition with the power loom textile industries in terms of technical efficiency, wage discrimination, and profit margin. This study aims to measure the technical efficiency of the handloom textile industry in handloom rich areas of Bangladesh. This study used multistage sampling techniques to collect data from 50 handloom textile industries in the Sirajganj district. The Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) technique was used to assess technical inefficiency and production efficiency. In contrast, the Benefit-Cost Ratio was used to determine the profit margin for handloom textile industries. The results show that the sample means technical efficiency is 79 percent, ranging from 38 to 100 percent. The SFA regression model also indicates that 66 percent of handloom industries have a 0.75–1.00 efficiency score, while 6 percent of the firms operate below 50 percent of technical efficiency. The Benefit-Cost Ratio analysis shows that handloom products are not highly profitable. The study also found that the existing handloom textile industries face high prices of colors and fabrics, lower adoption of technical knowledge, and obstacles to access to credit, all of which affect the production efficiency of handloom industries. With the foremost prospect of this industry, government policies should address the above problems to ensure favorable textile production in the study area.

Analyzing the efficiency of Chinese primary healthcare institutions using the Malmquist-DEA approach: Evidence from urban and rural areas.

China has been increasing the investment in Primary Health Care Institutions (PHCIs) since the launch of the New Health Care System Reform in 2009. It is a crucial concern whether the PHCIs can meet residents' need both in urban and rural with the limited government finance, especially encountering the challenge of the COVID-19. This study aimed to reveal the trend of the primary health service efficiency in the past decade, compare the urban-rural differences, and explore relevant factors. DEA and Malmquist models were applied to calculate the health service efficiency of PHCIs among 28 provinces in China, with the input variables including the number of institutions, number of beds, number of health technicians, and the outputs variables including the number of outpatients and emergency visits, number of discharged patients. And the Tobit model was used to analyze the factors on the efficiency in urban and rural. A sensitivity analysis for model validations was also carried out. The average technical efficiency (TE) of urban PHCIs fluctuated from 63.3% to 67.1%, which was lower than that in rural (75.8-82.2%) from 2009 to 2019. In terms of dynamic efficiency, the urban PHCIs performed better than the rural, and the trends in the total factor productivity change were associated with favorable technology advancement. The population density and dependency ratio were the key factors on TE in both of the urban and rural PHCIs, and these two factors were positively correlated to TE. In terms of TE, it was negatively correlated with the proportion of total health expenditure as a percentage of GDP in urban PHCIs, while in rural it was positively correlated with the urbanization rate and negatively correlated with GDP per capita. Besides, the tests of Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis H indicated the internal validity and robustness of the chosen DEA and Malmquist models. It needs to reduce the health resource wastes and increase service provision in urban PHCIs. Meanwhile, it is necessary to strengthen medical technology and gaining greater efficiency in rural PHCIs by technology renovation.

Evaluating the decentralization of public hospitals in Turkey in terms of technical efficiency: data envelopment analysis and Malmquist index

PurposeDecree Law No. 663 introduced a decentralized organizational structure and administration pertaining to Turkish public hospitals in November 2011. This study aims to explore the effects of the public hospital unions (PHUs), which were a result of Decree Law No. 663, on the efficiency and productivity of public hospitals.Design/methodology/approachData envelopment analysis (DEA) and DEA-based Malmquist total factor productivity (TFP) index were used from 2011 to 2016. Raw materials and supply expenses, salaries and fringe benefits, other service costs, general administrative expenses, total number of beds, number of specialists, number of residents, number of general practitioners, number of nurses and midwives and other medical officials were used as input variables. Working capital turnover, number of inpatients, number of outpatients and number of surgical operations for Groups A, B and C were used as output variables.FindingsAccording to the DEA scores, the percentage of efficient hospitals showed a declining trend from 2011 to 2016. The TFP results also showed a decreasing trend from 2011 to 2016.Practical implicationsProviding administrative and financial autonomy to public hospital managers may cause efficiency and productivity losses, which is contrary to expectations.Originality/valueThis study is the first to reveal the impact of decentralization of public healthcare providers on their performance levels in Turkey.

Technical Efficiency of Pakistan’s Manufacturing Sector: A Stochastic Frontier and Data Envelopment Analysis

This paper examines the efficiency of the large-scale manufacturing sector of Pakistan using parametric as well as non-parametric frontier techniques. Production frontiers are estimated for two periods─1995-96 and 2000-01─for 101 industries at the 5-digit PSIC. The results show that there has been some improvement in the efficiency of the large-scale manufacturing sector, though the magnitude of improvement remains small. The results are mixed at the disaggregated level: whereas a majority of industrial groups have gained in terms of technical efficiency, some industries have shown deterioration in their efficiency levels. The results from both the approaches are consistent, and in line with similar studies.

An integrated model for crude oil forecasting: Causality assessment and technical efficiency

In light of the central role of crude oil in the economy and the complex mechanisms involved in forecasting crude oil prices, this study proposes a two-stage model that optimally selects driving predictors for crude oil price forecasting by integrating Granger causality test (GCT) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). In the first stage, GCT is used to perform causality assessments for 92 predictors across eight categories of factors (demand, supply, inventory, financial market, macroeconomy, economic policy uncertainty, geopolitical risk, and technical indicator). In the second stage, SFA is employed to assess the forecasting power of the preliminarily selected predictors in terms of technical efficiency by using multiple evaluation measures. By collecting a data sample which spans a 21-year period from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2020, we conduct a comprehensive empirical study by employing rolling time window technique. The empirical results demonstrate that the two-stage model significantly outperforms eight competing models in terms of four forecasting techniques (linear regression, artificial neural network, support vector regression, and random forest). The proposed model's outperformance is robust to different time windows, different forecast horizons, alternative proxies of crude oil prices, and different business conditions. We also explore the time-varying characteristics of predictors for crude oil price forecasting and confirm that financial factors remain vital determinants affecting oil prices.

Banking Sector Race to Efficiency during the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis in Croatia: Does the Size Matter?

Purpose: The consolidation of the banking market in Croatia is characterized by a decreasing number of banks, especially small banks. The inability to remain in the market is often the result of the inability to maintain sustainable efficiency over time. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to determine whether small banks can successfully participate in the efficiency race with large banks. Furthermore, it was essential to clarify whether the efficiency gap arises from technical or scale efficiency. Finally, we also analyse how the COVID-19 pandemic crisis has affected efficiency and the difference between large, medium, and small banks. Design/methodology/approach: The efficiency development of the Croatian banking sector over eight years is examined using the Malmquist - DEA performance measure under the assumption of variable returns to scale (BCC model) and using the input-oriented DEA model. We use the intermediary approach for defining input and output variables, and the study covers the period from 2013 to 2020. Data are taken from ORBIS database. Findings: Banks in Croatia increased their total factor productivity by 2.2% on average, mainly due to an increase in technological change (1.93%), implying innovation and new banking services. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic crisis has further accelerated the race for efficiency. Indeed, the results show that the improvement in efficiency was more remarkable than the average of the period studied, especially in terms of technical efficiency (1% in 2020 compared to the mean of the period of 0.28%), but also due to technological efficiency (2.02% in 2020 compared to the mean of the period of 1.93%). Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic crisis affected efficiency in different ways with respect to the size of banks. Large banks improved their total factor productivity by 7.19%, small banks by 2.64%, and medium-sized banks reduced it by 1.38%. In addition, large banks achieved efficiency improvements due to technological change, while small banks focused on both technical (1.70%) and technological (0.98%) efficiency improvements. Research limitations/implications: One of the limitations of the paper was that during period some takeovers were conducted in Croatian banking sector and therefore some banks were omitted from sample. Additionally, ORBIS database does not cover some data that could be better as indicators of outputs. Therefore, future research on this topic could include other input-output variables such as assets/labor and revenue (income). Our results suggest that innovation in the delivery of banking services is critical to maintaining the race for efficiency. Therefore, our results may lead managers to focus on technological change in the long run, but especially in times of crisis. Managers of small banks should focus on both managerial and technological improvements. Originality/value: This study primarily makes an empirical contribution to the topic of efficiency in the banking sector. We have analysed the impact of the COVID -19 pandemic crisis on banking efficiency, with particular attention to the size effect, which, to our knowledge, has not yet been thoroughly studied. Future research could build on this study by taking into accountother input-output variables and sample of CEE countries.

Efficiency Performance Trends in the Food Processing Industry in Tanzania

Aim: This study aimed to examine the efficiency performance trends of food processing industries in Tanzania; in terms of technical efficiency using panel data of 40 food processing industries purposively selected industries throughout 2018 to 2020.
 Materials and Methods: A longitudinal or panel design, which involved pooling cross-sectional and time series data, was utilized in this investigation. A stochastic frontier production model was applied using a linearized Translog production function to determine the performance elasticity coefficients of inputs and technical efficiency. The quantitative strategy was chosen by the researcher since it is both time and money efficient and requires less time for data collecting and processing.
 Results: The results from estimations reveal that the overall technical efficiencies for the selected food industry were 79.61%. However, the performance for food industries indicates ineffective performance with technical efficiency of 77.85%. This study concluded that an average of 22.15 percent technical potentiality were not achieved by the food in the period 2018 to 2020 respectively.
 Contribution to Policy Implication: This study recommends the government to further investigate factors that slow down the growth of food industries. Such factors may include regulatory obstacles (external factors) and management systems (internal factors). Also, the study suggests taking into account how well public and parastatal agriculture agencies are performing.

Study on the Change in the Total Factor Carbon Emission Efficiency of China’s Transportation Industry and Its Influencing Factors

The transportation industry is a high carbon emission industry, and China has also put forward strict requirements for the transportation industry to achieve carbon emission reduction. By measuring the total factor carbon emission efficiency of the transportation industry, we can understand the change trend and the influencing factors of the total factor carbon emissions. To fully consider the problem of multiple inputs and outputs in the transportation industry and obtain a more accurate efficiency evaluation value, this paper adopted the slack-based model-data envelopment analysis method and global Malmquist—Luenberger index to study the change in the total factor carbon emission performance of the transportation industry. The combination of static analysis and dynamic analysis was used to calculate the TFP of the transportation industry and increase the content of output indicators. The results indicate that the average TFP and GML index values exhibited significant heterogeneity nationwide. The values in Anhui and Hebei Provinces were greater than 1, and the average GML index values in Shanxi, Guangxi, and Yunnan were greater than 1. The eastern region performed well in terms of technical efficiency and scale efficiency. The technical efficiency in the central, western, and northeastern regions was optimal. In terms of influencing factors, the influencing factors causing the different carbon emission efficiencies in the four regions varied. Finally, corresponding policy suggestions were proposed.

A Comparative Analysis of Technical Efficiency and Profitability of Agribusiness and Non-Agribusiness Enterprises in Eastern DRC

The purpose of this study was to determine whether agribusiness could be competitive compared to non-agribusiness employment opportunities in terms of technical efficiency and profitability. We used data collected on all seven operating cassava community processing centers (CCPCs) and 150 comparable non-agribusiness enterprises in South Kivu province. A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), as well as cost–benefit ratios and net monthly revenue, were used to examine technical efficiency and profitability. Our results showed that agribusiness was more competitive than non-agribusiness in terms of technical efficiency and profitability. The cost–benefit ratio shows that every dollar invested in agribusiness earns investors US $2.8, while it earns investors in non-agribusiness US $2.1. Moreover, technical efficiency increases significantly with agribusiness. These results show that agribusiness can compete with other non-agribusiness activities, and it remains a solution to youth unemployment in the region.

Analisis Efisiensi Teknis, Alokatif dan Ekonomi pada Usahatani Padi Sawah

Abstract: Purpose: Research objectives: the effect of input factors for lowland rice farming production, and technical efficiency, allocative, and economic use of lowland rice farming inputs. Method: The population is 908 farmers and the sample is taken using Sugiart's calculation, which obtained 51 samples by determining the sample by simple random sampling. Multiple linear regression analysis with Cobb-Douglas production function, technical efficiency analysis with DEA ??approach, allocation efficiency analysis and economic efficiency analysis. Results: 1) land area production factor, phonska fertilizer and KCL fertilizer significantly affect rice farming production, 2) technical efficiency value of 0.856, 3) allocative efficiency value of 2.72, 4) economic efficiency value of 2.32 . Conclusions: Lowland rice farming is not efficient in terms of technical efficiency, allocative efficiency and economic efficiency. Keywords: 1. economic efficiency 2. allocative efficiency 3. technical efficiency 4. rice

Characterization of dairy goat production systems using autochthonous breeds in Andalusia (Southern Spain): Classification and efficiency comparative analysis

The main characteristic of caprine production in southern Spain is its heterogeneity, which has prevented a proper classification of the different systems. This leads to lack of knowledge and difficulties in the decision-making processes and in the adoption of sectorial strategies. In this context, this article aimed to characterize and classify the different dairy goat systems using autochthonous breeds in Andalusia, according to their feed management practices and productivity. Based on this classification, this work intended to define the technical and economic characteristics of those dairy goat systems by analyzing their differences, performing a comparative analysis of their technical efficiency and assessing the current framework within which the activity takes place. For this purpose, twenty-one farms were monitored during 2018. The technical-economic information obtained allowed the performance of a Cluster Analysis to segregate different groups with common characteristics. Subsequently, an input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis was also performed, followed by a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis. The work carried out made it possible to identify four well-defined dairy goat systems: Pastoral systems; Grazing systems with high feed supply; Indoor systems with associated crops; and Indoor systems without associated crops. They displayed significant differences from a technical-economic point of view, but not in terms of technical efficiency, which was not determined by the production system as such, but by the appropriate management practices implemented in each case. The SWOT analysis revealed the existence of many common elements together with important differences, which justified the use of a specific approach to the reality of each system.

A three-phase comparative efficiency analysis of US and EU banks

We examine the efficiency differences between EU and U.S banks over 2000-2018. European banks are lagging behind the U.S in terms of technical efficiency both before and after the crisis. European banks lag in terms of efficiency yet the European sector has actually grown by 16% since the period prior to the crisis, with the U.S posting a more modest 6% increase in efficiency. Our results are robust and further backed by the Tobit and Differences-in-Differences estimations with the overall efficiency difference between the two sets being the intensity of their transvariation. Larger banks achieve higher technical efficiency by increasing their credit risk while smaller banks by reducing their risk exposure further exacerbating the too-big-tofail divide. Our results are of interest to investors, banking practitioners and regulators since the lack of common regulatory standards between EU/US banks could affect both the competitiveness and the stability of the financial system.

Technical efficiency in the Ghanaian banking sector: does boardroom gender diversity matter?

PurposeThe marginalization of women on boards is a heavily discussed topic across the world, especially in Ghana. Apart from estimating the link between boardroom gender diversity and technical efficiency of banks, this study aims to test the presence of upper echelons theory in the Ghanaian banking sector.Design/methodology/approachThe study examines data from 2000 to 2019 annual reports of 23 banks in Ghana. The stochastic frontier analysis is used to estimate the impact of boardroom gender diversity on technical efficiency of banks in Ghana.FindingsThis study finds that greater boardroom gender diversity generates technical efficiencies for banks. The results remain unchanged after accounting for bank types (listed and non-listed). Thus, all banks benefit in terms of technical efficiency from more boardroom gender diversity. The upper echelons theory is validated in the Ghanaian banking context. Overall, the study supports pro-gender diversity on boards.Practical implicationsThe results have implications at corporate, social and national levels. It supports the need for policies that improve greater boardroom gender diversity.Originality/valueThis study adds to a growing number of non-developed countries by investigating the link between the boardroom gender diversity and technical efficiency of banks in Ghana, a country which historically has had minimal female participation in the workforce. New insight is, therefore, offered into this relationship by using data which examines the technical efficiency of banks periods before and after the Women in Finance Charter in 2016.

Technical efficiency evaluation of colorectal cancer care for older patients in Dutch hospitals.

Preoperative colorectal cancer care pathways for older patients show considerable practice variation between Dutch hospitals due to differences in interpretation and implementation of guideline-based recommendations. This study aims to report this practice variation in preoperative care between Dutch hospitals in terms of technical efficiency and identifying associated factors. Data on preoperative involvement of geriatricians, physical therapists and dieticians and the clinicians' judgement on prehabilitation implementation were collected using quality indicators and questionnaires among colorectal cancer surgeons and specialized nurses. These data were combined with registry-based data on postoperative outcomes obtained from the Dutch Surgical Colorectal Audit for patients aged ≥75 years. A two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach was used to calculate bias-corrected DEA technical efficiency scores, reflecting the extent to which a hospital invests in multidisciplinary preoperative care (input) in relation to postoperative outcomes (output). In the second stage, hospital care characteristics were used in a bootstrap truncated regression to explain variations in measured efficiency scores. Data of 25 Dutch hospitals were analyzed. There was relevant practice variation in bias-corrected technical efficiency scores (ranging from 0.416 to 0.968) regarding preoperative colorectal cancer surgery. The average efficiency score of hospitals was significantly different from the efficient frontier (p = <0.001). After case-mix correction, higher technical efficiency was associated with larger practice size (p = <0.001), surgery performed in a general hospital versus a university hospital (p = <0.001) and implementation of prehabilitation (p = <0.001). This study showed considerable variation in technical efficiency of preoperative colorectal cancer care for older patients as provided by Dutch hospitals. In addition to higher technical efficiency in high-volume hospitals and general hospitals, offering a care pathway that includes prehabilitation was positively related to technical efficiency of hospitals offering colorectal cancer care.

Impact of improved varieties on farmers income: Insight from lower Shivalik hills

High yielding varieties of cereal crops were the major contributors to India's Green Revolution in 1960s and till date these varieties have been largely contributing to India's bread basket. Uttarakhand is primarily an agricultural state although its share in the country's total area and production is negligible. In this paper the authors have attempted to measure the technical and economic efficiencies of improved varieties of paddy and wheat in lower Shivalik hills of Uttarakhand during 2017-20. Uttarakhand is primarily an agricultural state although its share in the country's total area and production is negligible. Economic efficiencies of the varieties were measured by benefit-cost ratio (BCR) andnet return (NR). Technical efficiencies were measured by Box plot technique in R software. Kernal density plot was used to represent yield variation among the varieties. The findings revealed that PB 1121 paddy and HD 2967 wheat respectively were the best varieties in terms of technical efficiency (productivity) and economic efficiency (BCR andNet Return). Estimates of t-test also show the significant differences in BCR and net return between improved and local varieties. Thus, study shows that the positive impacts of improved varieties of the major crops have significantly contributed to productivity, farm income and livelihood in the lower Shivalik hills of Uttarakhand which, in turn, mayprovide prospective implications towards country's total production and food security.

The impact of ownership and contractual practice on the technical efficiency level of the public transport operators: An international comparison

We aim to assess the impact of ownership and contractual practices on technical efficiency in the public bus transport sector in the world. The sample is decomposed from eight Tunisian firms and thirty firms from France, Spain, Belgium, and so on for the period of [2009–2016]. The methods used for this purpose is the two-stage DEA in which we used three techniques in the second stage namely the Tobit and Truncated regressions and Bootstrap technique and the SFA via the Batesse and Coelli (1995) and True Fixed Effect techniques. The main results show that the TFE model has the greatest mean of efficiency scores with a value equal to 0.88, while the CRS version of the DEA approach has the lowest score with a value equal to 0.27. Regarding the second stage, there is a significant impact of the ownership on the technical efficiency estimates, the public mode affect negatively the efficiency with a value equal to0.24 (Truncated regression), an interpretation is similar to the cost-plus contract. Also, according to the statistical tests, we find a significant difference between the public and private firms as well as the cost-plus and fixed-price contract in terms of technical efficiency.

Determinants of Technical Efficiency in Smallholder Corn Crop Farming: Application of Stochastic Frontier Production Function

Agricultural expansion such as corn expansion is often associated with extensification and resulting land acreage loss. Best input practices could increase production and yields and thus potentially reduce land expansion. This study aims to investigate the ability of input, such as land and other factors to affect production in terms of technical efficiency, and investigate the best input practices on corn technical efficiency. Primary and secondary data are used to answer the research objectives. In this study, corn data were used in the 2019 Planting Season. A sample of 120 farmers was taken randomly by applying stratified random sampling that based on land area. Appropriate qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods are used which are distinguished based on their research objectives using the empirical model of production functions, and the technical efficiency model. The results show that all input has an effect to increase corn yield, and support technical efficiency increasing the effect of input using. However, the effect of input using on yields appears to operate through other methods but technical efficiency increases.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Testing of herbicidal systems for maize cultivation in the Steppe of Ukraine

Goal. To determine the agrarian and economic efficiency of different technological systems for herbicidal protection of maize depending on the weed harmfulness level and weather conditions.&#x0D; Methods. Field experiment — for the weeds and maize yield accounting, and calculation method — for determining of the technical and economic efficiency of herbicide systems.&#x0D; Results. We recorded a significant decrease in the inhibitory effect of soil herbicides without precipitation, at elevated air temperature and hot dry wind in the first 5—7 days after their application. Also we specified the best pre-emergence herbicide Acris SE containing the active ingredients: Dimethenamid P (280 g/l) + Terbuthylazine (250 g/l). The number of weeds was indicated according to the experiment variants before spraying crops and 21 days after the application of toxicants. The technical and economic efficiency of combined (pre-emergence + post-emergence herbicides) and mixture of post-emergence products for protection systems of maize was determined.&#x0D; Conclusions. Under arid conditions, within 5—7 days after the application of pre-emergence herbicides (in 2018, the average background weed infestation of crops — 37 pcs/m2), the chemical plant protection system based on a tank mixture of post-emergence herbicides was ahead in terms of technical efficiency, yield and profitability grain production: Frontier Optima CE (Dimethenamid, 720 g/l) + Stellar RK (Topramezone, 50 g/l + Dicamba, 160 g/l) + Metolat wetting agent. The manifestation of soil herbicide phytotoxicity in favorable weather (in 2019—2020, background weed infestation of crops 129—147 pcs/m2) was more effective when using a combined system for controlling harmful species in the maize production technology: Dual Gold KE (S-metolachlor, 960 g/l) — before sowing + Stellar RK (Topramezone, 50 g/l + Dicamba, 160 g/l) + Metolat wetting agent — post emergence application. The best pre-emergence chemical product was Acris SE (Dimethenamid P, 280 g/l + Terbuthylazine, 250 g/l).