Terms Of Pain Intensity Research Articles

Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy Vs Ultrasound Therapy in The Management of Temporomandibular Joint Pain Syndrome

The temporomandibular joint is a synovial joint made up of articulating surface of the temporal bone and the head of the mandible.Patients suffering from temporomandibular joint pain syndrome will frequently have pain in the region, limitation in opening, asymmetrical jawmovements, and restricted jaw movements. The etiology is associated with several factors, including malocclusion, trauma, emotional stress,and para-functional habits, which cause excruciating pain and inflammation of the surrounding muscle, posterior fibers, and synovial fluid. Thisstudy evaluated and compared the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and ultrasound therapy (UST) in managing temporomandibularjoint pain syndrome. This experimental study of pre and post-comparative types involves 30 subjects with temporomandibular joint painsyndrome who were selected from the outpatient department. This study included 30 subjects divided into two groups of each 15 by simplerandom sampling method.15 sessions each alternate day of low-level laser therapy (GROUP A) and ultrasound therapy (GROUP B) wereadministered to the affected side. Both groups received stretching exercises as a common intervention. Group A received low-level lasertherapy along with stretching exercises for 7 sessions /week/10 min. Group B received ultrasound therapy and stretching exercises for 7sessions /one weeks/10 min. On comparing the mean values of Group A & Group B on the Visual Analogue Scale Score in terms of painintensity, it shows a significant decrease in the post-test mean values in both groups, but (Group A - Low-level Laser Therapy) shows 2.33,which has the lower mean value is more effective than (Group B - Ultrasound Therapy) 3.53 at P ≤ 0.001. Hence the null Hypothesis isrejected. On comparing the pre-test and Post-test between Group A & Group B on VAS Score, Group A shows a highly significant difference inmean values at P ≤ 0. 001. Thus, we conclude that low-level laser therapy is more effective than ultrasound therapy in the management oftemporomandibular joint pain syndrome.

The Relationship of Perioperative Inadvertent Hypothermia with Anxiety and Comfort.

The study aimed to investigate the relationship of perioperative inadvertent hypothermia with anxiety and thermal and general comfort in surgical patients. Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia occurs after surgery and affects many patient outcomes. However, the relationship between hypothermia and anxiety has been given little attention. The research is of descriptive type. A total of 117 surgical patients who met the inclusion criteria were sampled and divided into two groups: hypothermic (n = 54) and normothermic (n = 63). Patients undergoing surgery were monitored for body temperature, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, pain intensity, anxiety (Numeric Rating Scale [NRS] and State Anxiety Scale [SAI]), and comfort (Perianesthesia Comfort Questionnaire) levels. The groups were similar in terms of descriptive characteristics (p > 0.05). Among the patients undergoing surgical intervention, 46.1% were hypothermic. Compared with the normothermic group, the hypothermic group had significantly lower body temperature until the second postoperative hour, lower thermal comfort score until the third postoperative hour, and higher heart rate and anxiety (NRS) score until the first postoperative day. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of pain intensity up to the first 30 minutes after surgery (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of pre and postoperative day one anxiety (SAI) and Periantesthesia Comfort Scale mean scores (p > 0.05). The study findings showed that hypothermia affected thermal comfort up to the first 3 hours after surgery, pain intensity up to the first 30 minutes, and heart rate and anxiety (NRS) levels up to the first day.

Efficacy of erector spine plane block in two different approaches to lumbar spinal fusion surgery: a retrospective pilot study.

Erector spine plane block (ESPB) has been widely used in spinal surgery, although there are variable data about its efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ESPB in elective lumbar spinal fusion surgery patients with two different surgical approaches. Retrospectively, 45 elective lumbar transpedicular fusion (TPF) surgery patients undergoing open surgery with different approaches [posterior transforaminal fusion approach (TLIF) or combined posterior and anterior approach (TLIF+ALIF)] were divided into 2 groups: general anesthesia (GA, n = 24) and general anesthesia combined with ESPB (GA + ESPB, n = 21). The primary outcome was to analyze the efficacy of ESPB in two different surgical approaches in terms of pain intensity in the first 48 h. Secondary: Fentanyl-free patients and opioid consumption in the first 24 h postoperatively. Comparative analysis was performed (SPSS® v. 28.0) (p < 0.05). Out of 45 patients (27 female), 21 received GA + ESPB and 24 received GA. The average age was 60.3 ± 14.3 years. Chronic back pain before the operation was registered in 56% of patients. ESPB was performed in 17 TLIF and in 4 TLIF+ALIF patients. ESPB significantly reduced pain intensity at rest in both surgical approaches 48 h after surgery (p < 0.05). The need for postoperative fentanyl infusion was significantly lower in the group treated with GA + ESPB in both surgical approaches than in those who only received GA (29% vs. 77% in TLIF and 0% vs. 80% in TLIF+ALIF); p = 0.01 and p = 0.004. Additionally, we observed that ESPB provides a good analgesic effect for up to 6.8 ± 3.2 h in the TLIF and 8.9 ± 7.6 h in the TLIF+ALIF approaches. Consequently, ESPB reduced the initiation of the fentanyl compared to GA alone, with a mean difference of 3.2 ± 4.2 h in the TLIF subgroup (p = 0.045) and 6.7 ± 5.3 h in TLIF +ALIF (p = 0.028). Only in the TLIF+ALIF approach, ESPB reduced the total fentanyl consumption compared to those with GA (1.43 ± 0.45 mg/24 h vs. 0.93 ± 0.68 mg/24 h; p = 0.015). ESPB significantly reduced pain at rest after surgery, the number of patients requiring immediate postoperative fentanyl analgesia, and total fentanyl consumption in both surgical approaches, particularly in TLIF+ALIF. However, the application of ESPB does not always provide completely sufficient analgesia.

KRONİK BOYUN AĞRISINDA SERVİKAL STABİLİZASYON EGZERSİZLERİ İLE KOMBİNE EDİLEN MULLİGAN MOBİLİZASYON TEKNİĞİNİN ETKİLERİNİN TEK BAŞINA SERVİKAL STABİLİZASYON EGZERSİZLERİNİN ETKİLERİ İLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI: RANDOMİZE KONTROLLÜ ÇALIŞMA

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the effects of Mulligan mobilization techniques applied in addition to cervical stabilization exercises on pain intensity, range of motion (ROM), cervical muscle endurance, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and quality of life compared to cervical stabilization exercises alone in individuals with chronic neck pain (CNP).&#x0D; Method: Forty individuals with CNP were included in the study and randomly divided into two groups: the cervical stabilization group (SG, n=20) and the cervical stabilization-Mulligan mobilization group (SMG, n=20). The SG group only received cervical stabilization exercises for four weeks, while the SMG received Mulligan mobilization techniques for four weeks in addition to cervical stabilization exercises. Before and after the treatment programs, the subjects were evaluated in terms of pain intensity (visual analogue scale), ROM (goniometric measurement), cervical muscle endurance (endurance tests), PPT (algometric measurement), and quality of life (Short Form-36, SF-36).&#x0D; Results: Significant improvements were found in all parameters in both groups after the treatment programs (p

Acupoint Stimulation for Pain Control in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Postoperative pain control is a challenge in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). The current study reviewed the efficacy and safety of incorporating acupoint stimulation for postoperative pain control in ERAS. Methods: Ten databases for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English or Mandarin Chinese were searched from 1997 to 2022. The quality of each article was appraised using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Criteria and the modified Jadad Scale. The primary outcome was pain control, measured using the visual analog scale 24 h after surgery. Results: Eleven trials met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. Acupoint stimulation was found more effective than control treatments in terms of pain intensity (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.35 to -0.53), analgesic drug consumption (SMD -1.87; 95% CI -2.98 to -0.75), postoperative nausea (PON; SMD 0.31; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.73), postoperative vomiting (POV; SMD 0.57; 95% CI 0.11 to 2.92), and PON and POV (PONV; SMD 0.29; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.53). The Zusanli (ST36) and Neiguan (PC6) were the most-used acupoints in the included trials (8/11). The reported adverse reaction was only one case of bruising. Discussion: Acupoint stimulation improved pain control in patients undergoing ERAS more than control treatments. The findings provide an evidence-based premise for incorporating acupoint stimulation into ERAS strategies. More rigorous RCTs are needed in the future.

The impact of rumination on fibromyalgia pain after physical activity: an experimental study

Some fibromyalgia (FM) patients engage in rumination (i.e. a chain of repetitive, passive and relatively uncontrollable thoughts focused on negative content) to cope with the pain and discomfort of daily activities. The partial model of rumination in chronic pain suggests that rumination processes may play a causal role in maintaining pain. Rumination might also be one of the key factors interfering with the reestablishment of adapted physical activity. The objective of this study was to test how rumination vs. distraction induction influence FM patients’ pain intensity, discomfort linked to pain, and affect after physical activity. Forty-seven participants with a diagnosis of FM were randomly assigned to undergo distraction induction vs. rumination induction after performing a physical activity in ecological setting. Their pain intensity, pain-related discomfort, and affect were measured at the baseline, after physical activity, and after rumination versus distraction induction. A series of mixed-design ANOVAs showed that rumination induction after physical activity impairs patients’ recovery in terms of pain intensity and discomfort, but not affect, as compared to the distraction condition. In conclusion, participants with fibromyalgia who engage in rumination following a physical activity recover less from their pain experience as compared to distraction induction. These results are consistent with the partial model of rumination in chronic pain and support the idea that rumination may play a causal role in the development and maintenance of pain.

How COVID-19 Ceases All Older Adult Services &amp; the Way Out for Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Chronic Pain

The COVID-19 pandemic started at the beginning of 2020. It significantly impacted the older adults in Hong Kong, with most of the community centers and elderly centers being closed down under various restrictive measures. Thus, community-based health promotion activities were temporarily paused, which decreased older adults’ health-promoting behaviors and motivation to stay active. This research aimed to improve the quality of life and the health of older adults with chronic pain through the pain management program. This study was conducted face-to-face on the campus of Hong Kong Metropolitan University. This dyadic pain management program (DPM) was an 8-week group-based program. The DPM comprised 4 weeks of campus-based activities and 4 weeks of digital-based activities delivered via a WhatsApp group. An 80% participation rate in the campus-based activities was regarded as completing the DPM. The control group only received lesson leaflets. Pain intensity, pain self-efficacy, psychological health of pain victims, caregiver burden inventory, and a semi-structured interview were evaluated at week 1 (T0), week 8 (T1), and week 12 (T2) after randomization. The IBM-SPSS version 22 was used to perform statistical analyses. Using non-pharmacological methods and regular exercise for 12 weeks improved physical health in terms of pain intensity, pain self-efficacy, and psychological health in anxiety, depression, and stress. For caregivers, their burden decreased after the pain management program. These findings indicated that Pender’s Health Promotion Model is helpful to empower the participants and their caregivers with knowledge, skills, and power to manage their chronic pain situations. Utilizing this model as a framework, Researchers can design more effective non-pharmacological interventions for older adults to increase their engagement in health-promoting activities in the community.

Effect of high-intensity laser therapy in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundChronic non-specific neck pain (CNNP) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder known for its significant disability and economic burden, ranking second only to low back pain in musculoskeletal conditions. Physical therapy offers effective interventions for CNNP, including low-level laser therapy (LLLT). High-intensity laser therapy (HILT) is a recent treatment for musculoskeletal pain, but studies that support its use in CNNP are limited. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of high-intensity laser therapy on pain intensity in patients with CNNP, given the existing evidence on LLLT for this condition.MethodsThis is a 2-arm, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with blinded evaluators. The research will be carried out in the laboratory of physical agents at the Andrés Bello University, Campus Casona de las Condes. Eligible participants include the entire internal and external community associated with Andrés Bello University suffering from chronic non-specific NP. Participants will be stratified by sex (4 subgroups) and randomized into 2 study groups: group 1 (HILT and stretching exercises) and group 2 (sham HILT and stretching exercises). Treatments will be performed twice a week for 4 weeks with 3 assessments: before treatment (T0), at the end of treatment (T1), and 12 weeks after treatment (follow-up) (T2). The main outcomes will be pain intensity at rest, pain intensity at movement (active cervical movements: flexion, extension, right and left side bending, and right and left rotation), and pain pressure threshold (average obtained for six evaluation points). Secondary outcome measures will include neck range of motion in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes and neck disability.DiscussionIn this study, HILT’s effects on patients with non-specific NP will be compared to those of a sham laser intervention. This RCT will offer new evidence regarding the potential benefits of HILT in terms of pain intensity, range of movement, and disability in people suffering with non-specific NP.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05689788. January 19, 2023.

High-intensity laser therapy in low back pain management: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Low back pain (LBP) is a widespread health issue affecting people globally and is the second leading cause of missed workdays. High-intensity laser therapy (HILT) promises to decrease pain intensity in LBP patients. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of HILT in adult LBP patients. We searched for randomized controlled studies (RCTs) published before January of 2023. Our primary outcome was pain intensity, while our secondary outcomes included disability and flexibility scores. We synthesized the evidence using RevMan v.5.4 and assessed methodological quality with the Oxford/Jadad scale and the Cochrane collaboration's risk of bias tool 1. The model favors the HILT group over the control group in terms of pain intensity after treatment (MD with 95% CI is -1.65 [-2.22, -1.09], p-value < 0.00001, I2=67%), Oswestry disability index (MD with 95% CI is -0.67 [-1.22, -0.12], p-value = 0.02, I2=73%), and Roland disability index (MD with 95% CI is -1.36 [-1.76, -0.96], p-value <0.00001, I2=0%). The patients in the high-intensity laser therapy had statistically significantly lower (low back) pain intensity compared to the patients in the control group. Based on three RCTs, our model also showed the positive effect of the HILT on LBP in terms of the Oswestry disability index and Roland disability index.

Efficacy of Pilate’s Exercise with Postural Advice in the Management of Low Back Pain for Lower Limb Amputee Patients: A Randomised Control Trial

Objective: To observe the effectiveness of Pilate’s exercise, with postural advice to reduce low back pain for lower limb amputee patients. Material and Methods: An assessor-blind, randomised control trial design has been used wherein sixty-two patients were divided into two groups by simple random allocation. The experimental group received the Pilates’ Training Program with postural advice, and the control group received usual care at the prosthetic department. There were thrity-one participants in both groups that completed the study. Both groups attended a 15-minute specialized, supervised session; 5 days a week, for 4 weeks. Outcomes were measured in terms of pain by a numeric pain rating scale and specific function &amp; disability of the lumbo-pelvic region by the Roland-Morris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire. Descriptive (median and inter quartile range, IQR) and inferential statistics (Pearson Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test) were performed to analyse the data through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), Windows version 25 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Average age of participants was 33 (29.75 to 47.50) years; whereas, the average duration of amputation in the experimental group was 11 (7 to 13) months compared to 8 (6 to 11) months in the control group. Both groups showed significant improvement in terms of pain intensity and functional ability in intergroup analysis (p-value&lt;0.05); additionally, in intra-group analysis participants that received Pilate’s exercise with postural advice had better outcomes than participants who received only postural advice (p-value&lt;0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that Pilate’s exercise with postural advice is effective in the rehabilitation of patients with lower limb amputee-induced low back pain. Additionally, Pilate’s exercises with postural advice also led to better improvement in mechanical correction of the lumbo pelvic region.

Comparative Effectiveness of Gua Sha, Cryostretch, and Positional Release Technique on Tenderness and Function in Subjects with Plantar Fasciitis: a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Plantar fasciitis (PF) can be treated effectively with manual techniques like cryostretch (CS) and the positional release technique (PRT). Although Gua Sha (GS) has been suggested in the literature for PF, its efficacy has not been studied in the research. To determine and compare the effectiveness of GS, CS, and PRT in subjects with PF in terms of pain intensity, pain pressure threshold, and foot function. Thirty-six patients with PF (n=36) were randomly allocated to three study groups (12 in each group)-group GS, group CS, and group PRT, respectively. A randomized clinical trial was conducted at physiotherapy OPD in a tertiary health center. Subjects of all genders with plantar fasciitis of the age group 20-60 years. Thirty-six subjects with plantar fasciitis out of whom 12 were males and 24 females. There were no dropouts in this study. The interventions included the Gua Sha technique (1 session), the cryostretch technique with a frozen tennis ball (3 sessions), and the positional release technique (7 sessions), along with common exercises for all three groups. Pain intensity, foot functions, and pain pressure threshold were assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Foot Function Index, and pressure algometer, respectively, on day 1 (pre-intervention) and day 7 (post-intervention). Between-group analyses showed that group GS was more effective than CS and PRT for pain (p=.0001), group CS was more effective than GS and PRT for foot function (p=.0001) whereas group PRT was more effective than GS and CS for pain pressure threshold (p=.0001). Although all three groups showed improvement, Gua Sha was superior in terms of reducing pain, cryostretch for improving foot functions, and PRT for reducing tenderness. The interventions used in this study are cost-effective and have proved to be simple and safe techniques.

The Effect of Nicotine Patch on Reducing Nausea, Vomiting, and Pain Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The effect of nicotine on nausea, vomiting, and postoperative pain has been investigated in studies on animals and humans. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nicotine patch on decreasing nausea, vomiting, and pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The study sample consisted of 100 non-smoking patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia in a triple-blind clinical trial. One hour after the start of surgery, patients were randomly assigned to receive 17.5-mg nicotine or placebo patches. The patches located on the right arm were left for 24 hours. The visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and N/V score for the severity of nausea and vomiting were measured at intervals of 0, 6, 12, and 24 hours. The results showed there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of pain intensity as well as nausea and vomiting at different time periods after surgery (P>0.05). A total of 36 patients in the nicotine group and 24 patients in the placebo group received meperidine. There was also no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of analgesics (P=0.096) and antiemetics (P=0.1). Moreover, the frequency of severe nausea and vomiting during the study in the nicotine group was higher than in the placebo group (4 vs. 1) but this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Receiving a 17.5-mg nicotine patch had a similar effect to receiving placebo in controlling postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting in non-smokers. Nicotine use had no effect on reducing analgesia.

Gingival Depigmentation by Application of Diode Laser at 810 nm (Denlase) and 470 nm (Bluelase) Wavelengths: A Split-mouth Randomised Clinical Trial

Introduction: Gingival hyperpigmentation is a common aesthetic concern that often requires treatment to achieve a pleasing smile. While various methods for depigmentation have been described in the literature, the scalpel method is widely advocated. Laser technology, particularly diode lasers, has emerged as a preferred treatment option due to their unique properties. Aim: To compare the efficacy of two different diode wavelengths, namely Denlase and Bluelase lasers, in terms of pain intensity, aesthetic appraisal, and the rate of repigmentation. Materials and Methods: This split-mouth randomised clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Periodontics at Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavarm, Andhra Pradesh, India. over a period of one year with follow-up. A total of 16 patients were included, and the right and left quadrants (both maxilla and mandible) were randomly assigned to either the Denlase or Bluelase group using the coin toss method. Depigmentation using diode lasers at 810 nm and 470 nm wavelengths was carried out in the respective groups. Pain perception, aesthetic appraisal, and recurrence of pigmentation were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 9 months, and one year. The data were analysed using Friedman’s analysis and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: A total of 16 subjects, with a mean age of 27.64±7.64 years and of both genders, were included in the study. Statistically significant differences (p=0.001) were reported in pain perception, aesthetic appraisal, and the rate of repigmentation at 1, 3, 6, 9 months, and one year, respectively. Intergroup comparison revealed an increase in the mean amount of repigmentation at three months in the Denlase group, indicating a recurrence of pigmentation after three months. Conclusion: The Bluelase diode laser (470 nm) demonstrated superior results compared to the Denlase diode laser (810 nm) in terms of pain intensity, aesthetic appraisal, and repigmentation.

A Comparison of the Effects of Court-type Traditional Thai Massage and Prasaplai in Reducing Primary Dysmenorrhea

The present study aimed to compare the effects of court-type traditional Thai massage (CTTM) and Prasaplai in reducing primary dysmenorrhea. The experiment was carried out at Mae FahLuang University Hospital, Chiang Rai province, Thailand. The sample comprised 60 volunteers aged 18–25 years. The subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=30) or the control group (n=30). The former received 40 minutes of CTTM twice per week for eight weeks, while the latter was given two capsules of Prasaplai three times daily for three days starting from the first day of menstruation. Also, the participants’ symptoms prior to and after the intervention were evaluated in terms of pain intensity, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and tissue hardness. It was found that their pain intensity, PPT, and tissue hardness dropped significantly after the intervention (p&lt;0.05). However, a comparison between the two groups after the intervention revealed no significant differences on any of the measures (p&gt;0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that both CTTM and Prasaplai herbal extract are likely to be efficacious treatment options for the alleviation of primary dysmenorrhea.

Comparison between two viscosupplementation protocols for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis

ABSTRACT Objective This clinical trial aimed to compare the efficacy of two protocols using high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) intra-articular injection in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis and evaluate involvement of subchondral bone changes and psychosocial factors as predictors of HA treatment. Methods Twenty-one individuals were divided into two groups: (A) received three intra-articular HA injections, and (B) received one injection. Outcomes observed were pain intensity, functional limitation, maximum voluntary mouth opening, maximum assisted mouth opening, and treatment tolerability. Follow-ups were performed weekly for 21 days, and two months after the treatment started. Results No statistically significant intergroup differences were observed in any of the evaluated outcomes. However, Group A showed significant improvement in all outcomes, whereas Group B showed significant improvement only in pain intensity and functional limitation. Conclusion This study demonstrated the effectiveness of both protocols in terms of pain intensity and functional limitation caused by osteoarthritis.

Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Injection Combined with a Targeted Therapeutic Exercise in Breast Cancer Women with Subacromial Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Study

In this randomized controlled study, we aimed to assess the effects of US-guided injections of the subacromial bursa followed by a personalized rehabilitation program for breast cancer (BC) survivors. We assessed patients with subacromial pain syndrome without tendon lesions and with a history of post-surgical non-metastatic BC. Thirty-seven patients were enrolled and randomly assigned 1:1 to receive US-guided corticosteroid injections combined with a personalized rehabilitation program (Group A; n: 19) or US-guided corticosteroid injections alone (Group B; n: 18). The primary outcome was pain relief, assessed using a numerical pain rating scale (NPRS). The secondary outcomes were muscle strength, shoulder function, and quality of life. No major or minor late effects were reported after the multidisciplinary intervention. Statistically significant within-group differences were found in terms of NPRS (p ≤ 0.05) in both groups. No significant between-group differences were reported after one week. However, the between-group analysis showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) after three months of follow-up in terms of pain intensity, muscle strength, shoulder function, and quality of life. Our findings suggested positive effects of a multidisciplinary approach including US-guided corticosteroid injections combined with a personalized rehabilitation program in improving pain intensity and quality of life of BC survivors with subacromial pain syndrome.

Effects of percutaneous neuromodulation in neuromusculoskeletal pathologies: A systematic review.

Background:Percutaneous neuromodulation (PNM) consists in using electrical stimulation on a peripheral nerve by using a needle as an electrode in order to lessen the pain and restore both neuromuscular and nervous system functions. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the current scientific evidence of the effects of PNM on pain and physical capabilities in neuromusculoskeletal injuries.Methods:Data sources: There was used the PRISMA protocol. In order to do the literature research, there were used the PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Study selection or eligibility criteria: There were also included experimental clinical trials published between 2010 and nowadays, tested on humans, which feature treatment based on needles with electrical stimulation in order to treat neuromusculoskeletal injuries. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: A quality assessment was performed according to the PEDro scale and reviewed the impact factor and quartile of the journalResults:The treatment resulted in significant improvement in terms of pain intensity, pressure pain threshold, balance, muscular endurance, functionality/disability, subjective improvement, function of the descending pain modulatory system, and intake of drugs. Limitations: the lack of previous research studies on the subject and the lack of data on opioid intake in the selected studies.Conclusion:Treatment based on PNM may be an alternative when treating injuries in soft tissues without significant side effects. However, there are few articles investigating the effects of PNM so more evidence is needed to draw solid conclusions.

Determination of procedural pain intensity among Critically-Ill patients: Using Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS)

Objectives: To assess pain severity for routine nursing procedures. As well as to compare pain severity during three measurement phases. And to find out the differences among routine nursing procedures pain severity.&#x0D; Methods: An observational method for data collection and sample of 135 subjects who had met the study's inclusion criteria were targeted. The data collection started from January 18thto April 7th, 2022. &#x0D; Results: Patients were silently suffering pain during all three assessment phases: pre-during, and 20 minutes’ post-routine nursing procedures. Of equal importance, there is a statistically significant difference between all nursing procedures in terms of pain intensity.&#x0D; Conclusion: The critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients who were recruited in this study, were silently suffering from a relatively high level of pain during their hospitalization period in the Intensive Care Unit. The highlighted case of silent suffering is a serious gap in both medical and nursing care quality that must be addressed both urgently and effectively.

Kinesiophobia in patients with angina pectoris of coronary artery disease: A cross-sectional survey

BackgroundIn the field of chronic pain research, kinesiophobia is defined as avoidance behavior due to fear of pain, but this perspective seems to be neglected in the field of coronary artery disease (CAD). ObjectiveTo investigate the status quo of angina pectoris (AP) and kinesiophobia and factors associated with kinesiophobia in patients with AP of CAD. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited by convenience sampling, and patients with AP of CAD in four wards of the Cardiology Department of a hospital were enrolled in this study. Participants completed questionnaires and scales face-to-face with researchers. ResultsMost patients with AP of CAD suffered from at least moderate pain episodes (60.2%) of at least 5 minutes per episode (53.8%), but less than 1/3 of patients reached 5 instances of pain per week (29.1%). The total score of kinesiophobia in patients was 40.80±6.65, and the vast majority of patients had moderate to high levels of kinesiophobia (75.7%). The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that personal monthly income, New York Heart Function Assessment (NYHA) classification, pain intensity, and pain resilience were independent factors associated with kinesiophobia, and these factors explained 30.2% of the variation in total scores of kinesiophobia. ConclusionThe symptoms of AP were prominent in terms of pain intensity and duration of pain. The level of kinesiophobia was moderate, and this was affected by multiple factors. Health care providers and researchers seldom pay attention to the kinesiophobia of patients with AP of CAD. This study refocused on the effect of "fear of pain" in kinesiophobia in patients with CAD. It opens up new horizons for the application of fear-avoidance models in CAD patients and helps to raise awareness of kinesiophobia in AP patients with CAD and provides guidance for reducing the level of kinesiophobia in the future.

Virtual reality and motor control exercises to treat chronic neck pain: A randomized controlled trial

AimTo compare the effects of virtual reality (VR) and motor control (MC) exercises. MethodsForty-one participants with chronic neck pain (CNP) were randomized into the VR or MC group. Both groups performed 18 sessions over 6 weeks. The primary outcomes were pain intensity (visual analogue scale), pain pressure thresholds (PPTs), joint position sense error (JPSE), and muscle performance. The secondary outcomes were the Profile Fitness Mapping Questionnaire (ProFitMap-Neck), Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale (HADS), and quality of life (SF-36). Data were analysed using T-Tests, and Fisher's Exact Test. Mean (standard deviation), median (interquartile range), effect size and %95 confidence interval (CI) were reported. ResultsThe results of Independent T-Tests showed that VR was advantageous in terms of PPTs of the C1/C2 and C5/C6 articular pillar bilaterally and large effect size (Cohen's d > 0.8, p < 0.05). Moreover, VR was more effective in decreasing JPSE (Cohen's d > 0.08; mean difference changes between −2.91 and −1.24, %95 CI -4.47 to 0.80) and functional limitation (ProFitMap-Neck) (Cohen's d = 0.7, mean difference 8.27, %95 CI 0.20 to 16.35). The results of T-Tests demonstrated that neither intervention was superior in terms of pain intensity, muscle performance, symptoms (ProFitMap-Neck), HADS, or SF-36 (Cohen's d < 0.5). ConclusionsVR can be applied for improving proprioception and for decreasing cervical articular pain in CNP patients. In addition, VR may be more effective for decreasing functional limitations in patients. Clinicians can choose MC exercises with or without VR for improving pain, muscle performance, symptoms, anxiety/depression, and quality of life.