Terms Of Mass Index Research Articles

Echocardiographic evaluation of right heart functions in hemodialysis patients

Amac: Volum yuku degerlendirmesi kronik bobrek yetmezligi (KBY) hastalarinda onemli bir sorundur. Klasik volum degerlendirmesi yontemleri disinda, sag kalp fonksiyonlarinin ekokardiyografik degerlendirmesi ile ilgili yapilmis calisma sayisi kisitlidir. Bu calismada hemodiyaliz (HD) tedavisi alan son donem bobrek yetmezligi hastalarinda sag kalp fonksiyonlarini ekokardiyografik olarak degerlendirmeyi ve volum yuku tayininde kullanilabilirligini amacladik. Yontemler: Bu vaka kontrol calismasina, calisma grubu olarak HD tedavisi alan 49 hasta alindi. Kontrol grubu olarak yas, cinsiyet uyumu saglanmis 46 saglikli birey alindi. Tum katilimcilarin ekokardiyografik olarak degerlendirmesi yapildi. Trikuspit anuler duzlem sistolik hareketi (TAPSE), sistolik pulmoner arter basinci (SPAB), trikuspit E dalga hizi, A dalga hizi, E/A orani, sag ventrikul ejeksiyon fraksiyonu (RVEF) ve sol ventrikul ejeksiyon fraksiyonu (LVEF) olculdu. Bulgular: Sag ventrikul diyastolik capi (sirasiyla 2.55 (0.3) ve 2.30 (0.29), P<0.001) ve SPAP (37.4 (8.3) ve 19 (6.8), P<0.001), calisma grubunda istatistiksel olarak anlamli derecede yuksek bulundu. Calisma grubunda TAPSE (sirasiyla 1.61 (0.35) ve 2.09 (0.27), P<0.001), A orani, (sirasiyla 0.63 (0.27) ve 0.45 (0.26), P<0.001), E / A orani (sirasiyla 0.93 (0.25) ve 1.37 (0.24), P<0.001). Calisma grubunda sag ventrikul E hizi daha dusuktu ancak istatistiksel olarak anlamli degildi (P=0.523). Gruplar arasinda yas, cinsiyet ve vucut kitle indeksi acisindan istatistiksel olarak anlamli fark yoktu. Sonuc: Calismamizda, HD hastalarinda TAPSE’nin dusuk, SBAP’nin ve sag ventrikul diyastolik capinin ise yuksek oldugunu tespit ettik. HD hastalarinda TAPSE ve SPAB'nin, hipervolemiyi degerlendirmede geleneksel yontemlerle birlikte kullanilabilecegini dusunuyoruz. Bu klinik araci kesfetmek icin daha ileri calismalar gereklidir.

Body weight and subcutaneous fat patterning in elite judokas.

Body weight and fat are major performance variables in many sports. Extreme weight reduction can lead to severe medical problems. Accurate body composition measurements are fundamental for both medical and performance optimization. Relative body weight in terms of mass index (MI1 = 0.53 M/(hs)), and in terms of body mass index (BMI = M/h 2) were determined (h:stature, s:sitting height, M:body mass). Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) was measured using a recently standardized ultrasound (US) method. US thickness sums from eight body sites were measured in 26 female and 35 male judokas of various weight classes. Comparisons of US and skinfold results indicate that the latter can be severely misleading in competitive judokas. Mean MI1 of females was 22.8 kg m−2 (BMI:22.9 kg m−2), males: 26.7 kg m−2 (BMI:26.5 kg m−2), but individual differences MI1‐BMI were larger than 0.5 kg m−2 in 13 and larger than 1.0 kg m−2 in three cases. Medians of SAT thickness sums D I were three‐times higher in females (66.1 mm) than in males (21.8 mm), and the fat patterning differed significantly. Females had 8.6% (median) fibrous structures embedded in SAT, and males 20.2%. Both MI and BMI were not correlated with SAT. Mean pre‐competition weight loss was 4.3% (ie, 3.0 kg), and maximum was 9.2% (7.4 kg), indicating that modifications of weigh‐in procedures are urgently needed. DI‐values mirror the athletes' potential to reduce ballast fat instead of short‐term weight reduction by dehydration; however, weight loss and SAT measured some weeks before the competitions were not correlated. Further, US measurements and medical longitudinal observations are required for discussing the large individual variations and possible fat minimum demands.

Antiretroviral treatment combined with nutritional support in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients with comorbid malnutrition

Objective To explore ways to improve effect of antiretroviral therapy in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients with comorbid malnutrition, in an effort to enhance quality of life and reduce cost. Methods 126 AIDS patients with comorbid malnutrition were randomly divided into treatment group (n=63) and control group (n=63). Patients in the treatment group were given nutrition support besides antiretroviral therapy (ART), while those in the control group only received ART. After 3 months, the two groups were compared in terms of body mass index, skinfold thickness, CD4+ T cell count and human immunodeficiency virus load. Results The two groups were comparable before treatment in BMI, skinfold thickness, CD4+ T cell count and HIV load (P>0.05). After treatment, the treatment group, compared with the controls, had higher BMI [(23.23±3.15)kg/m2vs.(17.25±1.83)kg/m2], thicker skinfold [ (42.9±6.8)mm vs.(34.5±5.2)mm in males; (97.6±17.4)mm vs.(92.3±14.7)mm in females], higher CD4+ T cell count (χ2=12.573, P<0.01), and lower HIV load (χ2=8.683, P<0.01). Conclusion Nutrition support may improve treatment of AIDS patients with comorbid malnutrition, as manifested in better BMI, skinfold thickness, CD4+ T cell count and HIV load. Key words: Acquired immune deficiency syrdrome; Mitridrinal sappors; Anti-retroviral therapy; Nutrition support; Docosahexaenoic acid

Use of DEXA Scan in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Comparative Analysis of Pulmonary Hypertension with GOLD classification Versus BODE Index in COPD

Background: Osteoporosis, sarcopenia, pulmonary hypertension are common with COPD. There are only few studies which have evaluated the relationship of these co-morbidities with COPD severity.Aim: To study osteoporosis in terms of bone mineral density (BMD) and sarcopenia in terms of fat free mass index (FFMI) with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA); and their relation with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%). To study relation of pulmonary hypertension (PH) with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and BODE index in COPD.Materials and Methods: In 30 stable COPD patients, BMD and FFMI were calculated with DEXA scan. Two groups of FEV1 ?50% and FEV1<50% and three groups of BODE index <5, 5-6 and ?7 were compared with PH severity.Results: All patients had low BMD (33% osteopenia & 66% osteoporosis) and 83.3% had sarcopenia. Chi-square test to assess the significance of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in relation to FEV1 groups was statistically insignificant (p value=0.88).5/7 had normal pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and 2 had mild PH in group I i.e. FEV1 ?50%, whereas in group II i.e. FEV1<50 %, 2 had normal PAP; 15, 3 and 2 had mild, moderate and severe PH respectively. Binary logistic regression to assess PH in relation to FEV1 and BODE index showed odds ratio for FEV1 ? 50% statistically significant (p value= 0.016).Conclusion: Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are very common in COPD in Indian population but there is no correlation with FEV1. Though BODE index is a good prognostic indicator, FEV1 is more likely to correlate with severity of PH than BODE index.

Comparison of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in Kermanshah

Background: Given the high prevalence of diabetes and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and conflicting reports about bone mineral density in type 2 diabetes, this study was conducted to compare bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with and without type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this case-control study, 64 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes and 64 healthy postmenopausal women (matched for age) were selected. Then lumbar spine and femoral bone mineral density measurements were performed using DXA. Data were analysed by SPSS-14 software using t-test and chi-square tests. Results: No statistically significant difference was reported between both groups in terms of body mass index, parity, menopausal age, calcium intake, serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. Also, postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes had a slightly higher mean of bone mineral density in lumbar and femoral regions than non-diabetic women. But this difference was not statistically significant (P≥0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, type 2 diabetes mellitus is not a risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Assessment of spinal cord abnormalities and its related factors in male students of Islamic Azad University at Semnan

Background and aim Decreased mobility and physical activity are threatening factors of health and spinal cord as the basic axis of the body is of critical importance in this regard because any injury of deformity of it can cause body malfunction. The aim of this study was to assess abnormalities of spinal cord and some of their related factors in male students of Islamic Azad University at Semnan. Materials and methods In this descriptive study, 240 students in their Physical Education Course 1 took part in the study. New York Test Posture Screen validated and made reliable by content and test-retest (r=0.80) methods respectively as well as Matiyas Test were applied for the assessment. A 3-grade scale including good, fair and poor was used for classification and those classified as good were regarded normal and those classified as fair or poor were considered as abnormal. Data were analyzed by SPSS 14. Findings 91.3% of the subjects suffer at least from one of spinal cord abnormalities. The most common condition was falling shoulders (74.2%) and the least frequent was pelvic obliquity (2.5%). Matiyas test was negative in 58.8% (not able to remain in requested position). 33.3% was overweight and obese in terms of body mass index (BMI). Conclusion The results showed that the prevalence of spinal cord abnormalities in the subjects was very high (91.3%) mostly due to poor mobility, weakness in the muscles of upper extremities particularly those holding the spine and lack of exercise. Thus, planning for physical activities and exercise in the leisure time of students seems essential. Keywords: Spinal cord, Spinal cord abnormalities, Exercise, Scoliosis. * Corresponding Author: Mohammad Rashidi. Dept. of Physical Education, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran. E-mail: Mrashidi48@Yahoo. com