Terms Of Information Transmission Research Articles

The information transmission and risk contagion effect between green bond market and government bond market in China

The problem of correlation between the Chinese green bond market and the government bond market may affect the smooth operation of the national economy. In this paper, a total of 3,181 sets of data representing the China’s green bond market and the government bond market for the period 2010–2022 are selected, and the VECM-DCC-VARMA-AGARCH model is used to analyse the spillover effects between the two in terms of information transmission and risk contagion. The results indicate that 1) The dynamic correlation between the China’s green bond market and the government bond market is significant, with obvious information transmission and risk contagion effects. 2) Compared to the government bond market, the green bond market is more sensitive to new information and the intensity of the reflection is stronger. 3) There is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the China’s green bond market and the government bond market, and the government bond market will adjust in the direction of green bonds through an error correction mechanism when deviations occur. 4) There is a significant two-way risk contagion effect between the green bond market and the government bond market, but the intensity of the effect is asymmetric. 5) The dynamic correlation between the green bond market and the government bond market has been deepening. Based on the above findings, we have put forward some rationalisation proposals.

Developments in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study Human Cognition.

Developments in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study Human Cognition.

Front Cover Image, Volume 4, Number 5, May 2022

This cover image shows a downlink F-RAN architecture. In terms of information transmission, F-APs in the network are connected to the BBU pool through fronthaul links with limited capacity. In terms of energy consumption, F-APs include solar panels and energy storage batteries, and are connected to the smart grid. The BBU pool contains all content files that may be requested by UEs. As a fog access node with caching capability, F-APs can cache files with high popularity at the edge of the network. https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.12497

The Global Equity Market Reactions of the Oil & Gas Midstream and Marine Shipping Industries to COVID-19: An Entropy Analysis

This article quantifies the information flow between major equities in the Oil & Gas Midstream and Marine Shipping industries, on the basis of the effective transfer entropy methodology. In addition, the article provides the first analysis of the investors` fear and market expectations in these sectors, according to Rényi entropy approach. The period of study was extended over five years, to fully capture the pre/post-COVID situations. The entropy results reveal a major change in the underlying information flow pattern among equities in the Oil & Gas Midstream and Marine Shipping sectors, in the aftermath of COVID-19. According to the new (post-COVID) paradigm, the stocks in the Oil & Gas Midstream and Integrated Freight & Logistics industries have gained momentum in occupying six of the ten positions within the list of most-influencing equities in the market, in terms of information transmission. The disorder and randomness has decreased for over 89% of the studied equities, after virus outbreak. For the equities detected with high information-transmission standing, the Rényi entropy results indicate that investors more likely showed higher level of future expectations and lower level of fear regarding frequent market events, within the post-COVID timeline. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2021-02-04-07 Full Text: PDF

Selección de lo mejor del año 2021 en estimulación cardiaca. Monitorización remota

Remote monitoring of implantable cardiac devices has proven to be reliable in terms of information transmission and, compared to conventional in-person monitoring, it is more efficient as it reduces the number of in-person visits, workload and costs, and safer because it allows us to act early in the event of clinical or technical alterations that may compromise the life of our patients.The implementation of this technology implies a redesign of the implantable cardiac devices follow-up framework in our institutions, and it is essential to protocolize the response to alerts in order to make the most of the resources provided by this technology.

A conceptual framework and architecture for m-governance

M-governance mainly facilitates government to public (G2P) and public to government (P2G) communication for better public service in terms of information transmission and dissemination. This research aims to develop a m-governance framework and architecture for mobile governance to enhance the communication services of the University in the domain of Admission, Affiliation, Curriculum, Examination, Result and General Inquiry. Proposed m-governance framework build-up on the basis of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and 15 enabler including perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived access, interpersonal influence, perceived trustworthiness, perceived mobility, transparency of governance, compatibility, flexibility, perceived security, perceived enjoyment, network provider service, completeness of service, location influence in the service and emergency management. Proposed application architecture for mobile governance is beneficial because it allows administrators of the affiliated colleges to use the mobile device of their choice but Android, and it offers a simple solution. The analysis of the data reveals that the administrators as well as academician are inclined to have mobile governance for enhancing the communication services of the higher educational system.

The information transmissions between the European sovereign CDS and the sovereign debt markets of emerging countries

Using a generalized vector autoregressive framework in which forecast error variance decompositions are invariant to the variable ordering, this paper documents the information transmission between the sovereign CDS markets of Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain (GIIPS) and the sovereign debt markets of twenty-six emerging countries. This paper finds that although the European sovereign crisis was triggered by the deterioration of these countries' fiscal conditions, the sovereign debts markets of emerging countries moved ahead of the CDS markets of EU peripheral countries in terms of information transmission in the short run. The first principal component of the changes in GIIPS CDS spreads has a large variance contribution share to the forecast error variances of the sovereign debt spreads of emerging countries. Greek CDS spread contains no superior information, if not less, related to sovereign debts of emerging countries relative to the others. Finally, cross-sectional analysis indicates that an emerging country with less open to international trades and a larger market value of sovereign debts, the sovereign debts of that country is more vulnerable to the EU sovereign risk.

A small-world network model of facial emotion recognition.

Various models have been proposed to increase understanding of the cognitive basis of facial emotions. Despite those efforts, interactions between facial emotions have received minimal attention. If collective behaviours relating to each facial emotion in the comprehensive cognitive system could be assumed, specific facial emotion relationship patterns might emerge. In this study, we demonstrate that the frameworks of complex networks can effectively capture those patterns. We generate 81 facial emotion images (6 prototypes and 75 morphs) and then ask participants to rate degrees of similarity in 3240 facial emotion pairs in a paired comparison task. A facial emotion network constructed on the basis of similarity clearly forms a small-world network, which features an extremely short average network distance and close connectivity. Further, even if two facial emotions have opposing valences, they are connected within only two steps. In addition, we show that intermediary morphs are crucial for maintaining full network integration, whereas prototypes are not at all important. These results suggest the existence of collective behaviours in the cognitive systems of facial emotions and also describe why people can efficiently recognize facial emotions in terms of information transmission and propagation. For comparison, we construct three simulated networks--one based on the categorical model, one based on the dimensional model, and one random network. The results reveal that small-world connectivity in facial emotion networks is apparently different from those networks, suggesting that a small-world network is the most suitable model for capturing the cognitive basis of facial emotions.

감각수용기 종류에 따른 전시매체 분석과 유형에 관한 연구 - 동경 국립과학박물관 지구관을 중심으로 -

A science museum responds independently based on the exhibits and exhibition environments as the visitors are different in purposes, interests and demands. Therefore a science museum should be designed keeping it in mind that there are various ways for visitors to perceive and use the exhibition spaces and exhibits. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the characteristics of sensory receptors for the exhibits in National Museum of Nature and Science's Global Gallery, Tokyo, in terms of information transmission and to identify the nature of exhibit medium that can affect the perception and recognition of the exhibits by visitors. Through these 9 sensory receptors, human recognizes first with visual, auditory and olfactory senses and reacts using vestibular organ, proprioceptor (stretch), tangoreceptor, themoreceptor, taste and olfactory senses. Human uses these information processing to recolonize the external environment. This process is similar to the visitor's information transmission process for the exhibition medium. By dividing the analysis results per exhibition theme and developing the information transmission processing types per sensory receptor, we could understand that the distribution conditions are closely connected with the composition of the exhibition scenario in the exhibtion area. Especially, the understanding of how the information transmission is made through sensory receptors could can be the criteria that determines on the factors that can identify the exhibition purposes of a science museum which are eduction and understanding.

Spectral solutions to stochastic models of gene expression with bursts and regulation

Signal-processing molecules inside cells are often present at low copy number, which necessitates probabilistic models to account for intrinsic noise. Probability distributions have traditionally been found using simulation-based approaches which then require estimating the distributions from many samples. Here we present in detail an alternative method for directly calculating a probability distribution by expanding in the natural eigenfunctions of the governing equation, which is linear. We apply the resulting spectral method to three general models of stochastic gene expression: a single gene with multiple expression states (often used as a model of bursting in the limit of two states), a gene regulatory cascade, and a combined model of bursting and regulation. In all cases we find either analytic results or numerical prescriptions that greatly outperform simulations in efficiency and accuracy. In the last case, we show that bimodal response in the limit of slow switching is not only possible but optimal in terms of information transmission.

Temporal compression mediated by short-term synaptic plasticity

Time scales of cortical neuronal dynamics range from few milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds. In contrast, behavior occurs on the time scale of seconds or longer. How can behavioral time then be neuronally represented in cortical networks? Here, using electrophysiology and modeling, we offer a hypothesis on how to bridge the gap between behavioral and cellular time scales. The core idea is to use a long time constant of decay of synaptic facilitation to translate slow behaviorally induced temporal correlations into a distribution of synaptic response amplitudes. These amplitudes can then be transferred to a sequence of action potentials in a population of neurons. These sequences provide temporal correlations on a millisecond time scale that are able to induce persistent synaptic changes. As a proof of concept, we provide simulations of a neuron that learns to discriminate temporal patterns on a time scale of seconds by synaptic learning rules with a millisecond memory buffer. We find that the conversion from synaptic amplitudes to millisecond correlations can be strongly facilitated by subthreshold oscillations both in terms of information transmission and success of learning.

Broadband coding with dynamic synapses

Short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) comprises facilitation and depression processes. Although STP can alter the mean value and spectral statistics of the effective input to a neuron from presynaptic spike trains, its functional roles are not clear. In a steady state condition, synaptic depression is generally considered to provide low-pass filtering of inputs, with facilitation providing high-pass filtering. Here, we consider the general case of a model neuron receiving inputs from a population of independent Poissonian spike trains, and show using both analytical results and simulations that dynamic synapses can add or remove (depending on synaptic parameters) spectral power at low frequencies. The implications of these findings are demonstrated when a band-limited-noise rate modulation of the Poissonian spike trains is considered. Information transmission, as measured by the spectral coherence between the rate modulation and synaptic input, does not depend on frequency. This effect is also observed for the coherence between the rate modulation and the membrane voltage of the postsynaptic neuron. In contrast to the prevalent view, in terms of information transmission, synaptic dynamics provide no low- or high-pass filtering of the input under steady-state conditions. Despite the lack of dependence on frequency, there is a balance between facilitation and depression that optimizes total information transmission and this balance can be modulated by a parameter associated with some forms of long-term plasticity.

Conjugate spectrum filters for eddy current signal processing : Stepinski, T.; Maszi, N. Materials Evaluation, Vol. 51, No. 7, pp. 839–844 (Jul. 1993)

The paper addresses the problem of detection and classification of material defects during eddy current inspection. Digital signal processing algorithms for detection and characterization of flaws are considered and a new type of filter for classification of eddy current data is proposed. In the first part of the paper the signal processing blocks used in modern eddy current instruments are presented and analyzed in terms of information transmission. The processing usually consists of two steps: detection by means of amplitude-phase detectors and filtering of the detector output signals by means of analog signal filters. Distortion introduced by the signal filters is considered and illustrated using real eddy current responses. The nature of the distortion is explained and the way to avoid it is indicated. A novel method for processing the eddy current responses is presented in the second part of the paper. The method employs two-dimensional conjugate spectrum filters (CSFs) that are sensitive both to the phase angle and the shape of the eddy current responses. First the theoretical background of the CSF is presented and then two different ways of application, matched filters and orthogonal conjugate spectrum filters, are considered. The matched CSFs can be used for attenuation ofmore » all signals with the phase angle different from the selected prototype. The orthogonal filters are able to suppress completely a specific interference, e.g. the response of supporting plate when testing heat exchanger tubes. The performance of the CSFs is illustrated by means of real and simulated eddy current signals.« less

Perceptual independence of pulse rates used in speech coding schemes for a multichannel cochlear implant

Two of the most important electric signal parameters for presenting useful acoustic speech information to the University of Melbourne/Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant are electrode position and electric pulse rate. The possibility of using pulse rate to encode acoustic speech information was investigated in this study. A set of 16 (4×4) orthogonal stimuli comprising all possible combinations of four different pulse rates on each of two fixed bipolar electrode pairs was presented to three cochlear implant recipients for identification. Tests for perceptual independence in terms of information transmission indicate that the two pulse rates presented on each of the two electrode pairs were perceived as partially separable dimensions. It may therefore be possible to use individual pulse rates on different electrode pairs in a speech coding scheme to present further acoustic speech information to a multichannel cochlear implant. [Work supported by NIH Contract NOI‐NS‐9‐2400 and NIH Grant NS21027.]

Sub-optimal control of sparsely coupled systems

In this paper we consider the sub-optimal control of sparsely coupled systems, characterized by linear differential equations with quadratic cost functional. The method proposed here converts the problem to a canonical form and identifies the variables from each sub-system which are strongly interacting. This is done by defining a threshold level matrix based on the eigenvalues of the sub-systems and their cost matrices. The elements of the coupling matrix in the canonical form is compared with the corresponding elements in the threshold level matrix to decide whether the coupling is significant or not. Sub-optimal controls are derived for each sub-system incorporating complete state of the sub-system and only those states from other sub-systems which are strongly interacting. A considerable saving in computation, as well as reduced hardware coat in terms of information transmission is achieved. The sub-optimal controller is derived for both constrained and unconstrained information structures. A few examples are given to illustrate the method.