Terms Of Impact Strength Research Articles

Morphological and mechanical behavior of novel Al7075 (T6) + 3.5% SiC + 0.3% CR + 5.5% MoS2-based green hybrid composite: An experimental analysis and optimization via TOPSIS

In the current scenario, high-performance, economical, and eco-friendly materials are the main objectives for many researchers in the field of material science. Therefore, this article demonstrates the novel green HMMCs comprise Al7075-T6 as a base alloy matrix with three distinct reinforced particles (such as silicon carbide (SiC), crumb rubber (CR), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)) is effectively doped via stir casting technique for the lightweight applications in an automotive and avionics industries. Besides, the different range of process variables such as SiC, CR, and MoS2 along with stirring speed, stirring time, and pouring temperature are elected for the synthesis of green composites via Taguchi L18 mixed-level orthogonal array. The parametric analysis of synthesized green HMMCs in terms of impact strength (in J) and compressive strength (in MPa) is examined with the help of the Taguchi design of experimentation and pooled analysis of variance. Moreover, metallographic inspection is also done via optical microscope and SEM-EDS techniques. The proposed green hybrid sample (S3) capitulates a superior enhancement in its microstructure, impact strength (up to 62.66%), and compressive strength (up to 22.78%) as compared with base alloy composite (S0). Furthermore, Taguchi's experimental outcomes are compared and validated via the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution algorithm for better validation of the impact strength and compressive strength of the Al-based green hybrid metal matrix composite (S3).

Enhancement of high-performance structures with sustainable seashell filler-based GFRP composites in static loading

Research on reinforcing airplane structures while reducing their weight by employing sustainable materials is currently challenging. In this study, damage mechanisms, mechanical characteristics, and failure behavior of laminates made of plain-woven glass fiber/epoxy and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) with sea shell filler under low-velocity impact static loading conditions are experimentally investigated. The bi-directional GFRP type E-glass laminates with 10 plies and a total thickness of 3.35 mm are created by hand lay-up process using an epoxy matrix. Comparing GFRP with an effective ratio of sea shell filler of 5% under various impact loading, composites are characterized in accordance with ASTM standards to assess the progressive damage and failure of GFRP composite. The findings of the experiment indicate that GFRP with seashell filler composites outperforms GFRP composites in terms of impact strength, outstanding flexural strength, and tensile strength. The findings show that adding seashell filler to GFRP increased the composite’s ability to sustain various impact loads. The sample with seashell infill has a drop weight impact that is 25.26% lower than GFRP. Moreover, the flexural test demonstrated a 59.6% increase in bending over GFRP. Seashell filler outperformed GFRP in the longitudinal strength test by 33.12%, according to the results of the tensile test. Finally, the compression after impact test (CAI) manifested a remarkable increase in transverse strength by 78.23%.

Experimental investigation on high-temperature tensile behavior of cold metal transfer pulse multi-control welding of Inconel 617 alloy

To improve the efficiency of the advanced steam power plants, both the pressure and temperature of the steam are increased. The Inconel 617 alloys are a candidate material for these applications. The microstructural features and tensile characteristics of welded joints made using the cold metal transfer (CMT) plus pulse multi-control (PMC) by varying the wire feed speed (8.9, 9.4, and 9.9 m/min) at room and high temperatures (650 °C, 700 °C, and 750 °C) are examined. An optical microscope (OM) and Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were used to examine the microstructure and fracture surfaces of the alloy. The mechanism of strengthening and the effects of precipitates on tensile strength and % elongation in both Base metal (BM) and weld bead are discussed in detail. The mechanical behavior was analyzed in terms of impact strength and bending strength in detail by varying the wire feed speed (WFS). Indications for porosity and cracks were not reported in the X-ray radiography test. The macrographs revealed that bead width, penetration depth, the metal deposited on the weld, and HAZ are in direct proportion with wire feed speed. Bend test results showed that the weld joints exhibit good ductility without cracks.

Effect of annealing treatment on mechanical properties of 3D-Printed composites

This study aims to analyse the annealing effect on the mechanical properties of PETG, carbon fibre reinforced PETG (PETG + CF) and Kevlar fibre reinforced PETG (PETG + KF). Regardless of the material, the final dimensions vary with temperature and exposure time, showing that the addition of fibres had no significant influence. On the other hand, the presence of fibres affects the radius of curvature, but this parameter shows to be very dependent on the type of fibre. In terms of hardness, higher temperatures and exposure times generally lead to higher values, achieving improvements of about 20% over untreated material. Regarding the bending properties, while they increase with exposure time and temperature for composites, in the case of neat PETG they increase with temperature and decrease with exposure time. Compared to untreated specimens, the maximum bending strength observed after the annealing treatment was 10.2%, 31.8% and 11.1% for PETG, PETG + CF and PETG + KF, respectively, while the maximum bending modulus was 17.6%, 61.1% and 62.6% higher, respectively. Benefits were also observed in terms of impact strength, stress relaxation and creep behaviour of all materials. For example, after annealing, lower stress relaxation and creep displacement values were observed.

Analysis The Process To Improve Mechanical Properties Of Hot Rolled Micro Alloyed High Tensile Steel By Normalizing Rolling Or Online Process

This investigation is a holistic approach to analysis the process & its various aspects depend upon the viability& process reliability, of online process of structural plate steel heat treatment. This work deals with the comparison of properties of micro-alloyed high tensile steel plates, obtained by using a on line process with offline process in plate mill of bhilai steel plant, without enriching its chemistry and without post heat treatment process generally called as normalizing rolling. Online process: - This refers to a mechanical heat treatment process in which no need of post rolling heat treatment, such that the process need to control the temperature of the plate when rolled, results in improvement of mechanical properties & grain growth similar to normalized plate post rolling. So it enhances the less time manufacturing reducing production cost & increasing productivity. Plate performance in terms of impact strength or toughness measured by impact Charpy test and in terms of ductility measured by bend test, the values of yield strength taken by performing test &nbsp

The Demographic and institutional Determinants affecting Manpower’s development at the government sector

This study aimed to apply the measurement of the impact of determinants of the change management process (CMP) on the competitive performance (CP) of the employees at the government sector in a practical environment by comparison between the employees’ expectation at the Government of Ras Al-Khaimah compared to the expectation of employees at Ajman Government. Thus, the Emirate of Ajman within the UAE was selected to apply the same scale of measuring which has same conditions of the work of the government sector and similar geographical aspects like the Emirate of RAK. The results have shown a significant impact of the role of direct determinants which were assumed by the current study in the influence of improving the competitiveness of the employees during the implementation to any change management process planned at the level of government sectors. There were five key determinants respectively in terms of impact strength, and those determinants were creation and innovation, institutional values, quality and excellence systems, administrative and legal aspects and finally, the role of leadership.

Impact characterization of bio-based sandwich panels with cork core

Currently, for ecological and economic reasons, cellulosic fibres obtained from plants have enormous advantages for industrial applications. For example, the automotive sector suggests the use of composites reinforced with natural fibres due to their biodegradability, availability, low cost, and non-abrasive properties. However, due to the low resistance to localized impact loads, the use of composite materials is still a problem for many applications. In this context, sandwich composites can be a solution to overcome this problem, especially when they incorporate cork as a core. Cork has an alveolar structure, and it presents high specific strength and stiffness, near zero Poisson coefficient, high tolerance to the impact loads, impervious to liquid and gases, resistance to reactive agents and microorganisms, resistance to wear and fire, very low thermal conductivity, good acoustic insulation capacity and excellent damping characteristics. Therefore, this work intends to produce and characterize a novel bio-sandwich panel with a cork core and a laminate facing reinforced by date palm leaflets and using a green epoxy resin. The benefits of this new bio-sandwich, in terms of impact strength, will be determined by comparison with a bio-composite laminate involving the same resin reinforced with date palm leaflets. It was possible to conclude that the cork core was responsible for lower impact loads and higher restored energy.

Mechanical, Surface, and Optical Properties of PMMA Denture Base Material Modified with Azadirachta indica as an Antifungal Agent

The present study assessed the influence of Azadirachta indica (AI) powder on the mechanical, surface, and optical properties of heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material. A total of 300 heat-polymerized PMMA acrylic resin specimens were fabricated with dimensions of 65 × 10 × 3.3 ± 0.01 mm for flexural strength, 50 × 6 × 4 ± 0.01 mm for impact strength testing, and 15 × 2 ± 0.01 mm for surface roughness, hardness, and translucency testing. The specimens were distributed into six groups (n = 10) based on AI powder concentration: An unmodified control group and AI powder-modified groups with 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 wt% of acrylic resin powder. Universal testing machine was used to measure flexural strength and Charpy's impact tester for impact strength. Surface roughness, hardness, and translucency were assessed using a profilometer, Vicker hardness tester, and spectrophotometer, respectively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and posthoc Scheffe's test were utilized; p ≤ 0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. ANOVA showed no significant differences in terms of impact strength (p = 0.175) and surface roughness (p = 0.371), while significant differences were detected in terms of flexural strength, hardness, and translucency (p = 0.001). According to post hoc Scheffe's test, there was a significant decrease in flexural strength for AI groups (p < 0.001) except 0.5% AI group (p = 0.66), while impact strength had no significant difference between AI groups (p = 0.175). Hardness had an insignificant difference between control and modified groups (p>0.05), with exception of 2.5% AI group (p = 0.001). For translucency, a significant difference was found between control and all modified groups (p<0.05). Incorporating AI powder into heat-polymerized denture base material did not significantly alter impact strength, surface roughness, or hardness, except at 2.5% AI concentration, where hardness decreased. On the contrary, flexural strength and translucency were significantly affected. This study contributes to establishing a new approach for denture stomatitis disease treatment and prevention with the lowest adverse effect on denture properties.

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Analysis of Salago and Coir Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites

The utilization of natural fibers in composites continues to increase due to their advantages over the synthetic fiber materials especially in terms of environmental impact and costs. One of the techniques that can be used to further enhance the properties of these natural fiber reinforced composites is through fiber hybridization. In this study, salago and coir fibers were reinforced in the epoxy resin to form a new hybrid composite. The salago to coir fiber weight ratios considered in the fiber hybridization were 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3. The performance of these hybrid fiber composites were compared to pure coir fiber composite and salago fiber composite in terms of impact strength, tensile properties and flexural properties. Among the hybrid fiber composites, the fiber weight ratio of 3:1 has the highest tensile strength (33.8 MPa), tensile modulus (3.57 GPa), flexural strength (44.2 MPa) and impact strength (42.3 J/m). It was found out that the addition of coir to this hybrid fiber composite improves the tensile strength by about 21.1 % as compared to the salago fiber composite. On the other hand, the addition of salago fiber to this hybrid fiber composite resulted to a higher tensile modulus (43.4 %) and impact strength (25.5 %) than the coir fiber composite. Moreover, the thermal analysis of the composites revealed a peak degradation temperature at around 370 °C which is associated to the decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose and epoxy resin.

Influence of micro and nano carbon fillers on impact behavior of GFRP composite materials

Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite with neat epoxy matrix and GFRP composite with epoxy-Micro carbon and epoxy-MWCNT composite matrix in were prepared. Micro and Nanofillers taken at 5,10,15 wt%(wt%) and 2,4,6 wt% respectively. The un-notched impact test is carried on each specimen as per ASTM D4812. The strength values are compared with neat epoxy matrix five layers of GFRP composite. The lack of a notch makes test method especially useful for reinforced materials where a notch may mask the effects of the notch. The impact response measured in terms of impact strength. Rest results showed that there is a significant impact of filler material on the strength. The size of particles is also showing a definite mark on the impact response. The 4 wt% Nano filler in Epoxy GFRP showed better results than all other samples. In micro fillers, 5 wt% of composition composite exhibited better strength. Overall, the research showed the potential to tailor composite properties to enhance impact performance by using different types, concentrations, and configurations of nano/microparticles.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МЕХАНІЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ТА СТРУКТУРИ СПЛАВУ IN718, ОТРИМАНОГО МЕТОДОМ 3D-ПРИНТИНГУ

The subject of research – the process of structure formation and improvement of mechanical properties of high-resistant alloys obtained by 3D-printing. The purpose of work – control the level of mechanical properties of high-resistant alloys obtained by 3D-printing for the manufacture of parts of aircraft gas turbine engines. Objectives – experimental determination of mechanical properties of heat-resistant nickel alloy IN718 obtained by selective laser sintering of LPW and Sino Euro powders both in the horizontal XY and in the vertical Z direction; a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties of IN718 and ЭП718-ВД(ИД) (ХН45МВТЮБР) alloys according to ASM 5662M and TU 14-1-3905-85; a study of the structure of samples of IN718 alloy before and after heat treatment. Research methods – when summarizing and analyzing scientific and technical literature in the direction of studying mechanical properties and forming the structure of heat-resistant nickel alloys obtained by the method of selective laser sintering, an integrated approach was used; processing and analysis of experimental data on determining the mechanical properties of the IN718 alloy in the three-dimensional direction (horizontal direction XY and vertical direction Z); metallographic studies of samples of the IN718 alloy made by 3D-printing were carried out before and after heat treatment. The results obtained - by comparing the mechanical properties of the heat-resistant alloy IN718 obtained by 3D printing from powders LPW and Sino Euro with the normative characteristics ASM 5662M (for alloy IN718) and TU 14-1-3905-85 (for alloy ЭП718-ВД) it was found that for vertical samples (grown in the Z direction) a certain decrease in the strength characteristics and an increase in plastic characteristics compared with the values of horizontal samples (grown in the XY direction), and in terms of impact strength, the IN718 alloy exceeds the norm in the researched temperature range 3.75 times. Scientific novelty – the dependence of the structural characteristics and mechanical properties of the IN718 alloy on the direction of part growth has been established and it has been shown that after heat treatment it is possible to obtain a dense, uniform microstructure characterized by a fine-grained structure with micro grains that are elongated in the direction of sample growth.

Mechanical Properties of Sandwich Composites Reinforced by Nanoclays: An Overview

Structural sandwich composites have been widely used in many engineering applications, and this trend continues due to their superior mechanical properties, thermal insulation and acoustic damping. However, to further improve their mechanical properties, literature reports significant benefits obtained with nano-reinforcements. In this context, nanoclays are the most popular nano-reinforcements for polymeric nanocomposites, due to their relatively high ion exchange capacity, high aspect ratio and economic advantages. In order to stablish a systematic understanding for design criteria, this work intends to summarize all studies present in the open literature about this topic. It was possible to conclude that using nanoclays improves the mechanical properties of structural sandwich composites, especially in terms of impact strength. Nevertheless, the benefits obtained regarding fatigue performance are not adequately reported in the literature, revealing the need to develop these studies.

Impact strength of cemented implant interfaces

Abstract Bone cement is a polymer used as filler material for the attachment of bone to implants in cemented joint replacements. Stronger interdigitation of the bone cement with both the implant and the bone provides a more durable surgical intervention. In previous studies published in the literature to date, tensile, shear and multi-axial stress occurring on the interfaced surfaces of the cement due to static and dynamic loads acting on the femur have been tested. This study investigated the impact strength of both implant-cement and cement-bone interfaces in a cemented implant. The effects of different implant materials, blasting sand particle size and cement mantle thickness on impact strength were investigated. It was determined that the surface roughness values of the implant materials increased as larger blasting sand particles were applied. As the surface roughness increased, the interfacial impact strength also increased. The impact strength of the cement-bone interface was higher than that of the implant-cement interface. The optimum mantle thickness in terms of impact strength was found to be 2 mm. Under impact force, failure will occur at the implant-bone cement interface.

The impact energy analysis by genetic algorithm and response surface methods to study the plastic composite, compatibilizer, and recycled poly effects

This study attempts to develop a high-performance wood plastic composite (WPC) in terms of impact strength, tensile strength, and tensile modulus. For this purpose, a new methodology is offered to find the optimum parameters of WPC including the content of wood flour, compatibilizer (MAPE), and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (RP) for optimizing the impact strength. The WPC samples with different contents of wood flour (30–40 mass%), MAPE (4–12 phr), and RP (0–35 phr) were prepared by melting technique in corotating twin screw extruder. To determine the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength, the tensile and impact tests were conducted. The significance of each input factor on the outputs was estimated by analysis of variance. The maximization of impact strength considering the tensile strength and modulus as constrains was done by genetic algorithm coupled with the response surface method. The optimum content of wood flour, MAPE, and RP were obtained as 30 mass%, 10 phr, and 25 phr, respectively.

Mechanical properties of plain woven kenaf/glass fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites

Abstract There has been an increasing interest among researchers on natural/synthetic hybrid fiber reinforced composites due to their extensive advantages such as enhanced mechanical properties as compared to natural fiber reinforced composites. The balance between environmental friendliness and mechanical strength can be achieved through hybrid composite materials. This study aims to investigate the effects of stacking sequences on the mechanical properties of woven kenaf/glass hybrid composites. Woven kenaf/glass hybrid composites with two different stacking sequences were fabricated in the hot compression process. Non-hybrid glass and kenaf fiber reinforced polypropylene composites were also prepared for comparison. Tensile, flexural and Charpy impact tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D 3039, ASTM D 790 and ASTM D 6110, respectively. The results showed that the tensile strength of glass/kenaf/glass hybrid laminates was only 3.4 % lower than that of non-hybrid glass fiber reinforced composites. The flexural strength of hybrid glass/kenaf/glass laminates was 32.5 % higher than non-hybrid glass fiber reinforced composites. In terms of impact strength in edgewise and flatwise orientations, hybrid glass/kenaf/glass laminates showed 8.6 % and 51.9 % improvement, respectively, as compared to non-hybrid glass fiber reinforced composites. This showed that the hybrid laminates exhibited superior mechanical properties as compared to non-hybrid glass fiber reinforced composites.

Physical-Mechanical Properties Research of Paint Materials on the Basis of Petroleum Bitumen

The article is devoted to the study of obtaining and study of physical and mechanical properties of paint materials on the basis of domestic petroleum bitumen. The expansion of the fields of application of bituminous materials is becoming more relevant due to the methods of regulation and physico-mechanical and adhesive-strength properties. The study of physical and mechanical properties of bituminous paint materials showed that water absorption changes in almost 3.5 times (from 0.03% to 0.11%), and their viability in the studied temperature range remains sufficient for the application of several layers of film from the prepared compositions. At the same time, all of them far exceed the known compositions in terms of impact strength and the magnitude of water absorption. Heat resistance of coatings does not reduce. And its value is within the permissible limits of temperatures used in technological processes.

In situ computed tomography for the characterization of the fatigue damage development in glass fiber-reinforced polyurethane

Abstract Fiber-reinforced polymers show a continuous material degradation under cyclic loading, which is why damage development has to be investigated for an exact assessment of fatigue properties. In order to obtain information on damage in the internal volume, conventional mechanical test methods require accompanying support by further developed techniques. In this study, a methodology for in situ computed tomography has been developed and applied to glass fiber-reinforced polyurethane. Polyurethane has advantages over epoxy in terms of impact strength, damage tolerance and abrasion, which are important for various applications. Fatigue properties, on the other hand, are largely unknown. Optimized imaging parameters for computed tomography have been established in order to obtain detailed 3D volume images suitable for analysis. The 3D volumes of the damage state were recorded according to defined fatigue load steps and used to evaluate and correlate the damage development with the mechanical properties. The results confirm known damage characteristics of fiber-reinforced composites but also show material and structure-related differences in crack formation and propagation.

Evaluation of the Bending Strength, Impact Strength, and Morphological Properties of Wheat Straw Fiber/Paper Mill Sludge/Polypropylene Composites

Composite production of polypropylene polymers was considered in this work as the matrix, filled with the fiber of wheat straw and paper mill sludge; different ratios were evaluated relative to their potential as reinforcement materials. Maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAAP) was used at 3% by weight. The bending modulus of elasticity of the composites significantly increased with both types of filler. The highest bending modulus of the composites was found with 40% of paper mill sludge. Using 40% wheat straw fiber decreased bending strength, but the addition of paper mill sludge increased bending strength. The highest bending strength of the composites related to polypropylene/10% of wheat straw fiber and 30% of paper mill sludge. In terms of impact strength, the use of paper mill sludge had a higher impact on strength than wheat straw fiber composites. The inclusion of MAPP improved the mechanical properties of all composites. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the composite paper mill sludge improved the adhesion and dispersion of the filler (paper mill sludge/fiber paper instead of wheat) in the matrix.

Impact resistance and hardness modelling of Aluminium alloy welds using square-headed friction-stir welding tool

This paper proposes modelling and optimization issues relating to friction-stir welding process of aluminium alloys. A specially prepared SS tool of square headed pin profile with cylindrical shoulder is used with a vertical milling machine. Effects of process variables including tool rotation and tool velocity on the weld performance are studied in terms of impact strength and hardness. Three different rotational motions and three welding speeds (feeds) of tool are considered at constant axial load (depth of cut) condition and altogether nine experiments are conducted on a vertical milling machine with specially prepared fixture. Each weld sample is then tested for its impact strength (IS) and hardness independently. A model is developed to correlate the relations between the hardness/impact strength with tool rotation and weld speed using neural networks. The optimized process conditions are predicted to improvise the impact strength and hardness of the weld. Further, the morphology of the weld is studied using SEM to know the material flow characteristics.

Impact response of balsa core sandwiches

The benefits of resins nano-enhanced on the impact response of sandwich composites made by fiber glass/epoxy skins and balsa wood core were studied. Afterwards, the influence of the core's discontinuity was analyzed in terms of impact strength. For better dispersion and interface adhesion matrix/clay nanoclays were previously subjected to a silane treatment appropriate to the epoxy resin. Resins enhanced by nanoclays promote higher maximum impact loads, lower displacements and the best performance in terms of elastic recuperation. The core's discontinuity decreases the impact strength, but the resin enhanced by nanoclays promotes significant benefits.