Terms Of Human Factors Research Articles

The influence of human factors on the quality of accounting information system

An accounting Information System (AIS) is considered one of the vital tools for managers in the context of operating, managing, as well as decision making. Thus, AIS has become an important topic for both academicians and practitioners all over the world. However, there has been little academic research on this in Vietnam in general, and Can Tho City in particular. This study focuses on assessing critical factors in terms of human factors on the quality of Accounting Information Systems (AIS) in Can Tho City. The quantitative research method was utilized. The sample size of this study was 88 observations from different companies in terms of size and industries. This study applied linear regression analysis to test the hypothesis. The result indicates that human factors have a positive effect on the quality of AIS. Therefore, the implication of this research underlines the importance of human factors to improve the quality of AIS.

Studi Analisis Teori: Knowledge And Inovation Management Dalam Meningkatkan Sumber Daya Manusia Di Bidang Kesehatan

Knowledge and innovation management is a knowledge management is a way of managing knowledge so that it can be distributed to organizations and can be studied by organizations in order to achieve the goals of the organization in terms of creating a product process that can affect organizational performance. Management of human resources (HR) is important in achieving the goals of an organization or agency. The purpose of this theoretical analysis is to find out how knowledge and innovation management improves human resources in the health sector. The research method used is a theoretical analysis study. Theoretical analysis as analysis in order to ensure that the theories used as analytical tools to dissect the problems in research are scientifically correct. The core of this theoretical analysis is knowledge and innovation management in the health sector, namely in terms of human factors, organization and strategy. It can be concluded that Knowledge management in innovation has become something that is very decisive, therefore its acquisition and utilization needs to be managed properly in the context of improving organizational or agency performance. In addition, strong management is also needed so that this knowledge takes root in every individual in the organization, always improving resource skills that can be supported by infrastructure for disseminating information within organizations and agencies. For institutions in the health sector, it is urgently needed how to apply to employees and health workers related to increasing skills through knowledge management and innovation. Employees or health workers must be able to acquire knowledge, make knowledge into institutional assets, apply the knowledge acquired and protect this knowledge as an asset that must be maintained and developed in providing health services to patients and also the importance of improving human resources.

KUALITAS PELAYANAN DINAS PERHUBUNGAN DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KESELAMATAN TRASPORTASI LAUT DI PELABUHAN LASALIMU KABUPATEN BUTON

The purpose of this study was to describe the service quality of the Department of Transportation in realizing the safety of sea transportation and the factors that influence it at Lasalimu port, Buton Regency. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews and documentation. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using descriptive qualitative data analysis techniques. The results showed that the service quality of the Department of Transportation in realizing the safety of sea transportation at Lasalimu port, Buton Regency, can be seen from several indicators, namely reliability, responsiveness, confidence, empathy and tangible. All of these indicators show that the service quality of the transportation service in this case has been going well. This situation is influenced by human factors, technical factors and weather factors. In terms of human factors as service providers, although many employees have honorary status, quantitatively this is not a limiting factor in providing good service in realizing the safety of sea transportation. Technically, employees who work in transportation services at the Lasalimu port have carried out their duties properly. Meanwhile, regarding the weather factor, the Department of Transportation is really paying attention to this. In circumstances where the weather does not support the safety of the voyage, this information is immediately conveyed to the captain to continue or postpone the voyage

EVALUASI KONEKTOR YANG ERGONOMI DALAM PERANCANGAN DESAIN GUNA PEMBERIAN EVALUASI DESAIN PRODUK TEMPAT DUDUK

Background the conducted in order to produce a design that is in accordance with the design design, it takes stages of activities such as planning or development. This starts from the idea search stage, problem analysis and followed by the development stage, in the form of concepts, systems and details. In addition, it can also be made protected, production activities, evaluation or product trials, then end in the distribution section. Purpose in this research to provide appropriate design results and also pay attention in terms of human factors and their activities. Like the size, body shape, position position, behavior and also habits during activities. Research in result will the achievement of good and correct work productivity. In paying attention to this, ergonomic consideration is needed. Ergonomics is part of the requirements for achieving qualified, certified design and customer needs. In addition, how far the design has met the functional technical factors, the quality of aesthetic and also economical. So in this case an evaluation is needed that can use the benchmark. Ergonomics are needed to evaluate the product. In addition to the conclusions, in terms of functional, the design must also be able to provide the impression of safety, health and comfort for users (humans) when it is published or operated by the product from the product .

Effects of input method and display mode of situation map on early warning aircraft reconnaissance task performance with different information complexities

Early Warning Aircraft (EWA) are the main force for air detection and its Human-Machine Interface (HMI) should be designed to support task efficiency and safety. With the application of advanced input method and interface design in EWA, little is known about their actual usability in terms of human factors and ergonomics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the input method and display mode of the situation map on EWA reconnaissance task performance with different information complexities. Eighteen participants attended a three-factor within-subject design experiment with input method (touch screen and mouse), display mode of the situation map (color and grayscale), and information complexity (high and low) as the independent variables. Participant behavior performance, subjective workload, heart rate/heart rate variability, and eye movements were recorded as the dependent variables. The results suggest that a touch screen requires greater task completion time and has greater physical demands than mouse operation; however, it also facilitates information processing by reducing the average fixation time. Color mode significantly decreases saccade counts compared to grayscale mode and is considered more appropriate for target search tasks as it induces less visual search load. High information complexity produces significant negative effects on behavior performance and subjective workload. It also has significant interaction effects with input method on fixation and saccade counts. The findings have implications in the optimization design of Human–Machine Interface for EWA task systems.

Cooperative and competitive behaviour among passengers during the costa concordia disaster

Despite the increase in regulation and codes, there is a relatively small body of scientific literature on maritime disasters management, especially in terms of human factors that affect the success of the evacuation and safety procedures. This paper provides an analysis of passengers’ behaviour during the Costa Concordia disaster of 2012, in which 32 people died. We use 49 passengers’ witness statement made available by the court of Grosseto to understand how the evacuation occurred. We examine whether the main factor in reducing the effectiveness of the evacuation procedure was the lack of effective management or the behaviours among evacuees, or a combination of the two.Results of the analysis suggest that passengers reacted with solidarity, helped each other and that such spontaneous and pro-social behaviour possibly contributed to reduce the number of casualties. By contrast, competitive behaviours happened only in relation to specific environmental constraints and were limited to the proximity of safety boats.The deficiencies in command in the Costa Concordia evacuation highlights the need to increase the skills of personnel called to manage an emergency at sea and the need to create ad hoc training programs that consider also unexpected scenarios.Understanding how people (both staff and public) deal with an emergency and the factors that affect their decision is pivotal to help planners to review their strategy, anticipate similar events, and consider all the factors in future plans and regulations. While human error is always a big factor in maritime disaster, its impact can be considered and mitigated with specific procedures and adaptable plans.

Verification of an Accommodative Response for Depth Measurement of Floating Hologram Using a Holographic Optical Element

Floating holograms using holographic optical element screens differ from existing systems because they can float 2D images in the air and provide a sense of depth. Until now, the verification of such displays has been conducted only on the system implementation, and only the diffraction efficiency and angle of view of the hologram have been verified. Although such displays can be directly observed with the human eye, the eye’s control ability has not been quantitatively verified. In this study, we verified that the focus of the observer coincided with the appropriate depth value determined with experiments. This was achieved by measuring the amount of control reaction from the perspective of the observer on the image of the floating hologram using a holographic optical element (HOE). An autorefractor was used, and we confirmed that an image with a sense of depth can be observed from the interaction of the observer’s focus and convergence on the 2D floating image using a HOE. Thus, the realization of content with a sense of depth of 2D projected images using a HOE in terms of human factors was quantitatively verified.

The good, the bad and the ugly of South African fatal road accidents

We reflect on the good, the bad and the ugly of the fatal accidents occurring on South Africa’s roads. The cost of human lives indisputably equates to ‘the ugly’ and the economic cost of accidents associates with ‘the bad’. ‘The good’ relates to the reduction of both these costs that may result from the entrance of self-driving cars into the South African market as well as awareness campaigns like the Arrive Alive National Road Safety Strategy. The general contribution of this paper is to raise awareness of the effects of accidents, more specifically fatal accidents. Current trends in terms of human factors as well as road and environmental factors involved in the fatal accidents on South African roads are summarised. This paper also serves as a preliminary investigation into possible factors influencing these accidents, which ought to be of interest to a very broad readership, more specifically those focusing on risk analysis, and certainly is of interest to any citizen of South Africa.Significance:
 
 Awareness is raised of the effects of fatal accidents on South African roads.
 Current trends in terms of human factors as well as road and environmental factors on road accidents are reflected upon.
 The futuristic effect of self-driving cars is explored.

Reliability and human factors in Ambient Assisted Living environments

Malnutrition, sedentariness, and cognitive decline in elderly people represent the target areas addressed by the DOREMI project. It aimed at developing a systemic solution for elderly, able to prolong their functional and cognitive capacity by empowering, stimulating, and unobtrusively monitoring the daily activities according to well-defined “Active Ageing” life-style protocols. Besides the key features of DOREMI in terms of technological and medical protocol solutions, this work is focused on the analysis of the impact of such a solution on the daily life of users and how the users’ behaviour modifies the expected results of the system in a long-term perspective. To this end, we analyse the reliability of the whole system in terms of human factors and their effects on the reliability requirements identified before starting the experimentation in the pilot sites. After giving an overview of the technological solutions we adopted in the project, this paper concentrates on the activities conducted during the two pilot site studies (32 test sites across UK and Italy), the users’ experience of the entire system, and how human factors influenced its overall reliability.

Assessing Sustainable Manufacturing Related Problems for Marble Facilities: An Application

Negative impacts on people and environment should be minimized by considering all measures in marble sector where water and energy consumptions, also waste generation are very high. There is a need of systematical approaches for reducing the amount of waste material and increasing the production efficiency. Therefore, this study proposes a systematic methodology to assess marble facilities in terms of human factors, environment, and economical aspects. First, Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch, TRIZ) method is used to solve the human factors related problems. In addition, electric energy and water consumption that are used during marble processing and marble wastes resulting from operations are also assessed in terms of economy and environment.

A summary and synthesis of procedural regulations and standards—Informing a procedures writer's guide

Well-written procedures are an integral part of any industrial organization for safe operation, managing risks, and continuous improvement. Regulatory bodies around the world require industries to have current, accurate, and appropriate procedures for most processes. Although the importance of procedures is recognized by all industries in general, significant incidents still occur due to procedural breakdowns. Some of the procedural breakdowns come from obvious problems such as the procedure not being available or the procedure being wrong. However, some incidents have occurred when correct procedures were available and the operator used those procedures. In these instances, the reason workers do not follow procedures correctly may be attributable the procedure being presented or designed in a manner that does not sufficiently communicate the information in a manner that is easily and quickly understood. This indicates that procedure writers may need more guidance on how to write and design procedures so they accomplish this. To effectively manage risk, procedures need to be technically correct (and regulatory compliant) and usable. As part of this, the current work is focused on developing a systematic approach to a procedure writer's guide that includes a regulatory compliant component. The work presented here consists of an effort to identify procedure-writing practices necessary to ensure regulatory compliance by summarizing a large sample of regulations and standards from several industries. The regulations and standards were organized to reflect common ideas and the implications in terms of human factors needs for procedure design were identified. This information will be used as part of the development of a writer's guide that accounts for human factors (HF) that includes explanations of HF implications and empirical support for each of the guidelines. The novelty of the method and information presented here is in the idea of leveraging the cumulative information available regarding procedures in regulations and standards. Incorporating this information into a procedure's writers guide in this manner may not only facilitate procedure being regulatory compliant for facilities in different geographies of the world, but could also support their being written with considerations for human performance.

Designing for Human-Centred Decision Support Systems in PHM

Prognostics and health management (PHM) represents a paradigm shift from legacy condition based maintenance (CBM) frameworks by expanding the potentials to accurately and robustly detect and diagnose incipient system faults. The ultimate goal of PHM is reliably predicting system failure times to allow for efficient maintenance scheduling either autonomously or by human decision makers (DM). In many industrial settings today the output from PHM systems constitutes a decision support system (DSS) used to aid DM, as entirely autonomous systems have not seen widespread industrial integration. However, there is relatively little support for engineers designing PHM systems in terms of human factors and how to provide the information in a way that actively supports human decision-making and this gap may result in limited use of PHM system by maintainers. The reliability of the information presented is a critical factor in the user acceptance and trust in a system. As a first step in developing such guidance, this paper reviews the implementation of other DSS and presents a design framework whereby PHM reliability levels are mapped against a suggested level of human input to the decision making process regarding required maintenance. The aim is to provide engineers with a guide to the level to which they should consider human factors and the presentation of information in the design of their PHM system. Fundamental to the suggested paradigm is that the uncertainties within a PHM system can be quantified, and as uncertainty increases, the requirement for DM to access additional information not explicitly tied to the PHM output increases. This information can form both explicit and tacit knowledge of a system or indeed industrial contexts surrounding decision implications, such as acceptable maintenance intervention windows in busy production schedules. As the complexity of a system or component being monitored is likely to affect the uncertainty within the PHM system associated with it, we are considering the overall cumulative uncertainty of a model output as the metric through which the required level of human input can be inferred. Coupled to this is the fact that increased model uncertainty is a causal factor in distrust and potential non-use of the model in industrial applications. It is the authors’ belief therefore that designing for increased human-model interaction concurrent with increasing model uncertainty may lead to a better engagement with PHM decision support capabilities, thereby offering the full advantages that PHM has to offer. The framework presented in this paper is an initial step towards facilitating the design of more usable and useful PHM systems.

Minimizing eyestrain on a liquid crystal display considering gaze direction and visual field of view

Recently, it has become necessary to evaluate the performance of display devices in terms of human factors. To meet this requirement, several studies have been conducted to measure the eyestrain of users watching display devices. However, these studies were limited in that they did not consider precise human visual information. Therefore, a new eyestrain measurement method is proposed that uses a liquid crystal display (LCD) to measure a user’s gaze direction and visual field of view. Our study is different in the following four ways. First, a user’s gaze position is estimated using an eyeglass-type eye-image capturing device. Second, we propose a new eye foveation model based on a wavelet transform, considering the gaze position and the gaze detection error of a user. Third, three video adjustment factors—variance of hue (VH), edge, and motion information—are extracted from the displayed images in which the eye foveation models are applied. Fourth, the relationship between eyestrain and three video adjustment factors is investigated. Experimental results show that the decrement of the VH value in a display induces a decrease in eyestrain. In addition, increased edge and motion components induce a reduction in eyestrain.

THE ARTIFICIAL IMITATOR OF PSYCHOTROPIC SIGNS OF FLIGHT ACCIDENT – ERGONOMIC ASPECT OF SIMULATOR TRAINING

Simulator training of the crew is a kind of modern aviation technology to ensure flight safety. The ergonomic aspect of this technology is to increase the emotional stability of the crew under stressful conditions of real flight refusal situation. Its implementation is possible by modeling the effect of psychotropic signs of the flight accident on the crew when they failed the task on simulator. Such a “procedural punishment” causes pilot’s increased emotional tension, which hinders to performance his professional duties with high quality in real flight. At the same time on the simulator this tension promotes the acquisition of practical skills to preserve an acceptable emotional condition, due to psychological overcoming the emotional stress. As a result the pilot maintains high professional ability to eliminate the dangerous consequences of an emergency successfully. In this connection the artificial imitator of psychotropic signs of the flight accident as a “pedagogical means” for ergonomic improving the flight safety has to be “methodical and technical” component of any flight simulator, to improve the quality of simulator training of the crew and flight safety in general in terms of human factor.

시각자극에 의한 피로도의 객관적 측정을 위한 연구 조사

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate and review the previous researches about objective measuring fatigue caused by visual stimuli. Also, we analyze possibility of alternative visual fatigue measurement methods using facial expression recognition and gesture recognition. Background: In most previous researches, visual fatigue is commonly measured by survey or interview based subjective method. However, the subjective evaluation methods can be affected by individual feeling's variation or other kinds of stimuli. To solve these problems, signal and image processing based visual fatigue measurement methods have been widely researched. Method: To analyze the signal and image processing based methods, we categorized previous works into three groups such as bio-signal, brainwave, and eye image based methods. Also, the possibility of adopting facial expression or gesture recognition to measure visual fatigue is analyzed. Results: Bio-signal and brainwave based methods have problems because they can be degraded by not only visual stimuli but also the other kinds of external stimuli caused by other sense organs. In eye image based methods, using only single feature such as blink frequency or pupil size also has problem because the single feature can be easily degraded by other kinds of emotions. Conclusion: Multi-modal measurement method is required by fusing several features which are extracted from the bio-signal and image. Also, alternative method using facial expression or gesture recognition can be considered. Application: The objective visual fatigue measurement method can be applied into the fields of quantitative and comparative measurement of visual fatigue of next generation display devices in terms of human factor.

Sand-dust Storm, Population and Environment in Northwest China

Abstract Sand-dust storms are the result of the integrated influences of climate, geography, society and human factors. A theoretical framework is built to explain the coherence of population growth, agriculture change and environmental degradation. On the basis of the analysis of the causes of the sand-dust storm in terms of human factors, a discussion will be given to show that these factors are internally consistent with the theoretical framework. After that, it will look at China's Agenda 21 and try to find relevant measures to reduce such large sand-dust storms happening in Northwest China and eventually make this area develop sustainably.

Exploring Continued and Discontinued Use of IT: A Case Study of OptionFinder, a Group Support System

This study explores how perceptions, experience, attitudes, communication behavior and environment affect continued and discontinued use of a group support system (GSS) as an organizational innovation. The case study method was used to investigate the largely unexplored process of GSS adoption and diffusion in terms of human factors, internal organizational context, external organizational environment and GSS management activities. Analysis of data collected in 25 in-depth interviews with informants who had voluntarily “adopted” GSS for use in one or more meetings they initiated, suggests GSS diffusion is a complex process. The author concluded the most significant determinants of initial adoption was support of a champion, while the presence of an intra-departmental champion and a well-rounded GSS infrastructure strongly influenced continued use. Lack of task-technology fit and perception of GSS as a large group tool strongly influenced discontinued use. The surprising finding that intentions to use GSS were the same for continued and discontinued users, led to the conclusion that some discontinued users are in reality “stalled” users who should not be classified as rejecters of the technology.

MIR Human Factors Solutions for the International Space Station and Beyond

This Panel features three individuals with several years of experience in the development of systems and the training of crew members for Shuttle missions, two of whom are potential International Space Station (ISS) crew members. Each of these people have indicated an interest in, or have educational backgrounds related to, the human factors and ergonomics discipline. The goals of this session are: 1) To acquaint attendees at the '99 AM with some of the anticipated challenges which may arise during ISS and Mars missions, on the part of US crew-members. 2) To challenge attendees of this session to think in terms of Human Factors (HF) oriented solutions to these identified challenges. 3) To solicit inputs from the session attendees relative to potential HFE solutions to these identified challenges. The intent of this panel is to identify the most significant and/or critical issues which will need to be addressed as the ISS comes on-line as a micro-g living and working environment for long-duration crews, and, as plans are made for Mars missions.

Human Factors Challenges Identified by US Participation in the MIR Missions

Seven NASA astronauts have visited the Mir Russian Space Station for extended periods of time. This goal of this Panel Session, featuring three of these crew-members, is to examine the challenges experienced during these long duration missions, and how these experiences can help prepare for missions to the International Space Station. The goals of this session are: 1) To acquaint attendees at the '99 AM with some of the challenges which arose during the Mir missions on the part of the US crew-members, 2) To identify differences between the short duration Shuttle and extended duration Mir missions, 3) To challenge attendees of this session to think in terms of Human Factors (HF) oriented solutions to these identified challenges and differences, 4) To solicit inputs from the session attendees relative to potential HFE solutions to the identified issues. These Mir missions provided the first long-duration on-orbit experience for US crew members since Skylab.

An investigation of current virtual reality interfaces

Virtual Reality hype is becoming a large part of everyday life. This paper explores the components of actual virtual reality systems, critiquing each in terms of human factors. The hardware and software of visual, aural, and haptic input and feedback are considered. Technical and human factor difficulties are discussed and some potential solutions are offered.