Terms Of General Acceptability Research Articles

Influence of buckwheat flour on the quality characteristics of Fatayer (pastry with zahter mixture)

In this study, the effect of the use of buckwheat flour on some quality characteristics of Fatayer which is a bakery product containing breakfast Zahter mixture as a top filling material and traditionally produced in Syria was investigated. The effect of buckwheat flour in different proportions on the physicochemical, textural, and sensory quality characteristics of Fatayer was investigated. In the study, 5 different types of Fatayers were produced with buckwheat flour ratios of 0, 30, 50, 70 and 100 % (g/g). The Fatayer produced with 100 % (g/g) wheat flour was used as a control. As the buckwheat content of Fatayers increased, the moisture content decreased from 26.61 to 14.92 % (w.b.), the fat content increased from 18.66 to 20.17 % (d.b.), and the weight loss decreased from 17.16 to 14.74 % (g/g) . The increase in the buckwheat flour ratio decreased the diameter (mm) and thickness (mm) of the Fatayers. It was observed that the increase in the buckwheat flour ratio causes an increase in hardness, flexibility, gumminess, chewiness and elasticity values, and a decrease in stickiness values. The sensory appearance, shape, color, hardness/softness, taste, smell, fragility, internal structure, chewiness and general acceptability scores of the pastries were detected in the ranges of 2.50-7.50, 2.30-7.70, 2.5-7.70, 2.30-8.40, 2.40-7.80, 4.30-7.30, 4.00-6.80, 3.40-7.60, 3.30-8.40 and 3.00-7.66, respectively. Considering the sensory properties of the samples, it was seen that the addition of 30% buckwheat flour was close to the control sample in terms of general acceptability. Considering the optimum chemical, physical, textural and sensory properties, it has been revealed that up to 50 % (g/g) Buckwheat flour can be used in the Fatayer formula.

A Preliminary Study on the Use of Protein Isolate Produced From Trout in Tarhana Soup

The aim of this study is to use protein isolate that produced from fillet trout by pH shifting (acid) processes, in tarhana soup as protein enrichment. Three different soup groups were prepared; control (C): without isolate; 3.5% protein isolate added (T1) and 7% protein isolate added (T2). For sensory characteristics of soups, groups were compared by using color and sensory analysis by panelists. According to the sensory analysis results, the highest texture, odor and general acceptability values (7.38; 7.50 and 7.50, respectively) were reported in T1 while, these values were the lowest in C (6.50, 7.13 and 7.13, in order). When the results were evaluated in general, it was determined that there was no significant difference in terms of general acceptability in both isolate-added soup groups compared to the C. Test score of T1 is higher than T2 in terms of texture, it was determined that the isolate added groups were better than the C. With this preliminary study, it was determined that the fish protein isolate did not have a negative effect on the sensory properties of tarhana. More research is needed to establish the impact of additional fish protein isolate on the functional and biochemical quality of tarhana.

Product Development and Sensory Evaluation of Dark Chocolate Filled with Chestnut Honey

Chocolate is a food that people of all ages love to consume. The sensory quality of chocolate is determined by its appearance, taste, aroma, and flavor. Chestnut honey, on the other hand, is a honey that is rich in amino acids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, potassium, magnesium, and bioactive substances produced by the pollen of the chestnut tree and flower nectars, it has high antibacterial activity, and it contains important antioxidant compounds. In this study, it is aimed to develop a new product, which was filled with organic chestnut honey and chocolate, and bring it to the market. Chestnut honey was added to chocolate in varying proportions and subjected to quality grading by trained panelists. In the analysis attended by 10 panelists, the quality criteria of appearance, texture, smell, taste, and general acceptance were evaluated under sub-headings. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the trained panelists gave 4.5±0.67 points out of 5- point scale above the average in terms of general acceptance, and consequently the favorite product was dark chocolate with 7% chestnut honey. In addition, the consumer taste test was applied to a group of 82 people for the filled chocolate with the highest score in the quality rating test. In the test applied depending on the 5-point scale, it was found that the general appreciation was high with the values of 4.75±0.54. As a result of the findings, it was determined that the bitter feeling of chestnut honey in the mouth was perceived in the obtained chocolate, and this was liked by the consumer (X ̅ = 4.75). With this study, it can be said that chestnut honey and chocolate provide flavor harmony.

Chemical, physicochemical and sensory properties of yoghurt and yoghurt simulates produced from the blends of cow milk and coconut milk

Chemical, physico-chemical and sensory properties of yoghurt and yoghurt simulates produced from blends of cow milk and coconut milk were investigated to produce a value-added product from the blends. Cow milk and coconut milk were blended in ratios 100:0; 80:20; 60:40; 50;50; 40:60; 20:80 and 0:100. Colour, pH, titratable acidity (TTA), proximate and mineral composition of the yoghurt samples were determined using standard methods. A 30–member panel assessed the yoghurt samples for sensory attributes, using a 5-point Hedonic scale. The L* value showed that 100% cow milk was the lightest with a value of 101.78. The pH and TTA values ranged from 3.78-3.81 and 0.21-0.51% respectively. The moisture contents ranged from 77.28–84.92%, protein: 2.20 – 4.69%, ash: 0.44 – 1.02%, fat: 0.07 – 0.31%, carbohydrate: 11.06 – 16.52%., phosphorus: 26.55 – 84.7 mg/100g, potassium: 62.27 – 161.62 mg/100g, zinc: 0.15 – 0.73 mg/100g, iron: 39.38 – 91.59 mg/100g, magnesium: 6.34 – 20.69 mg/100g, calcium: 61.58 – 217.23 mg/100g and manganese: 7.07 – 220 mg/100g. The yoghurt blend with 40% coconut was the most preferred among the blends and next to the sample with 100% milk in terms of general acceptability. Coconut yoghurt could serve as substitute for yoghurt from cow milk.

Microbiological, Physicochemical and Sensorial Changes during the Ripening of Sucuk, a Traditional Turkish Dry-Fermented Sausage: Effects of Autochthonous Strains, Sheep Tail Fat and Ripening Rate

This study aimed to investigate the effects of autochthonous starter cultures (spontaneous fermentation, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GM77, Staphylococcus xylosus GM92 or L. plantarum GM77 + S. xylosus GM92) isolated from sucuk (a traditional Turkish dry fermented sausage), the use of sheep tail fat (beef fat-control, sheep tail fat and beef fat + sheep tail fat) and the ripening rate (slow or fast) on the microbiological, physicochemical and sensorial changes during the ripening of sucuk. L. plantarum GM77 as a monoculture or mixed culture with S. xylosus GM92 exhibited good growth during fermentation and following days of ripening. S. xylosus GM92 remained at the inoculation level of 106 CFU/g. L. plantarum GM77 as a monoculture inhibited the growth of spontaneous Micrococcus/Staphylococcus in both the slow and fast ripening conditions. In the presence of L. plantarum GM77, the pH value decreased under 5.0 after the first three days of fermentation. The fast ripening yielded a lower mean aw and TBARS values compared to the slow ripening. Regarding TBARS value, the lowest mean value was determined in the presence of L. plantarum GM77 + S. xylosus GM92. The use of sheep tail fat caused an increase in TBARS; the highest mean value was determined in sucuk prepared with only sheep tail fat. The groups with L. plantarum GM77 yielded a higher mean L* value, while the highest a* value was determined in the group with L. plantarum GM77 + S. xylosus GM92. In addition, fast ripening caused an increase in the a* value. The L*, a* and b* values were not affected by the use of sheep tail fat. L. plantarum GM77 + S. xylosus GM92 groups demonstrated the best results in terms of general acceptability in both slow and fast ripening.

Nutrient and organoleptic assessment of snacks produced from wheat and African breadfruit (Treculia africana)

African breadfruit snacks were produced from wheat and African breadfruit composite flour blends in the ratio of 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 respectively. Breadfruit seed was coated with the respective wheat-African breadfruit composite flour blends and then baked to produce the snacks. Coating made with 100% wheat served as the control. Proximate composition and functional properties of the flour blends, proximate, mineral content and sensory analysis of the snacks were all determined using standard methods. Proximate composition ranged as follows: protein (10.77-14.32%), fat (1.61-3.20%), fiber (1.20-1.40%), ash (2.04-3.33%), moisture (8.16 -10.00%) and carbohydrate content (70.33 - 75.48%) respectively. The result showed increase in protein, ash, fat, fiber as well as phosphorus (139- 159mg/100), magnesium (2.05 – 2.94mg/100), calcium (169 – 190mg/100), and potassium (240 – 255.01mg/100) due to the addition of African breadfruit. The functional properties revealed potential suitability of wheat-breadfruit composite flour in snack production and the snack produced from 15% inclusion of African breadfruit flour was most preferred in terms of general acceptability.

The function of maltodextrins and ziziphus gum in cake and cake batter

Commercial maltodextrins (MD) and ziziphus gum (ZG) have been investigated for their effects on cake quality and possible use in slowing the staling process. The effects of MD and ZG were assessed by analyzing the pasting properties of the wheat flour slurry, the properties of the dough, and the quality of the cake after baking and after three days of storage. The qualities of the gel texture were assessed using a texture profile analysis (TPA) test, the qualities of the dough and cake were assessed using the Micro-doughLab and the TA-TXT texture analyzer, respectively. The evaluation of overall acceptance, texture, aroma, taste, and color was also done using 9 points hedonic sensory methods. Overall, despite their impacts were not similar, MD and ZG had a considerable impact on the quality of the cake, the dough, and the cake batter. By lowering gel hardness, which is the opposite of MD's effect, and raising setback, which appears to support amylose retrogradation, ZG appears to limit amylose retrogradation. Less mixing tolerance index (MTI) and more stability were imparted in the dough by both ZG and MD. ZG and MD both significantly increased the cake volume, although MD did so more. Although the batter density was high, MD greatly increased cake volume. The cake's sensory parameter scores indicated that MD had a positive impact on it, and both the 2% MD blends and the control blends performed equally well in terms of general acceptance.

Ffect of melon seed powder on the quality characteristics of cupcakes

Enriching cereal-containing functional foods in the changing food industry is highly attractive. Examining the use of nutrient-rich melon seed powder (MSP), a waste, in bakery products is valuable in sustainability. Within the scope of the study, the use of MSP as an alternative raw material to whole wheat flour (WWF) in cupcake formulation was investigated. Four formulations containing varying proportions of MSP (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) were evaluated. Depending on the increase of MSP substitution, an increase was observed in the protein, fat and total ash ratios of the cupcakes. The addition of MSP to the product caused browning in the colour of the cupcakes and an increase in hardness values while causing a decrease in their specific volumes. According to the sensory analysis results, while the control cake was the most liked group, it was determined that MSP addition could be used up to 20% in terms of general acceptability and odour in cake production.

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) pod powder as a potential enhancer of probiotic Enterococcus faecium M74 in ice cream and its physicochemical, structural, and sensory effects.

In this study, pea (Pisum sativum L.) pod powder (PPP) was incorporated (1% and 3% w/w) into a probiotic ice cream formulation containing Enterococcus faecium M74 to investigate the potential effect of PPP on the probiotic survivability in the ice cream throughout 60 days of frozen storage. Moreover, the produced symbiotic ice creams were evaluated for their physiochemical properties, stability, and sensory acceptability. Incorporation of PPP into ice cream caused significantly (P < 0.05) increased protein and ash content and lower pH values. Besides that, the addition of PPP resulted in ice creams with higher hardness and lower overrun. A significant diminishing was observed in the melting rates of the ice creams as the percentage of PPP increased and storage time progressed. Ice cream with PPP presented lower lightness and higher greenness and yellowness compared with control. All ice creams had viable counts of E. faecium M74 of ≥6 log cfu g-1 during storage and provided the number of viable cells that the probiotic product should contain. On day 60, the viability of E. faecium M74 in ice cream containing 1% PPP (7.64 ± 0.02) was higher than the control (7.28 ± 0.00). Sensory analyses revealed that there was no statistical difference in ice cream with 1% PPP and the control without PPP in terms of general acceptability. These results suggest that pea pods, which is a waste product of the pea industry and obtained at zero cost, could be used as a potential prebiotic and an agent to improve technological properties of dairy products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

FORMULATION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF L. TOGOLANA ROOT AS A NUTRACEUTICAL FOODS IN SECURING FAMILY FUTURE FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN RETIREMENT

This study focuses on investigating the potential and acceptability of Landolphia togolana as a nutraceutical food through formulation techniques. Two (2) research questions were raised and two (2) hypotheses were formulated and tested at a significant level of 0.05. L. togolana root was prepared in the following ratios: 100:0% (A), 100:0% (B), 50:50% (C), 70:30% (D), and 80:20% (E). The panelists used for the study were comprised of thirty (30) mothers. The sensory evaluation considered parameters such as colour, taste, aroma, and overall acceptability. The Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effect was also investigated at different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µg/mL). From the results, the mean scores of formulated different levels of functional food showed that 20% of formulations were most preferred in all sensory parameters. There was a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in terms of the level of acceptance of the formulated soup as functional foods. Therefore, 20% of the level of L. togolana root was most acceptable as a functional food in terms of general acceptability. Further results revealed that the inhibition percentage was highest (100.2%) at 100 µg/mL concentration compared with the standard ascorbic acid, with an inhibition percentage of 98.53% at 60 µg/mL. L. togolana has a nutraceutical benefit, particularly for the elderly and retirees who struggle to pay medical bills. Its consumption should be promoted by home economists in order to bring its acceptability into prominence.

Utilization of Banana Peel Flour in Biscuit Making as Wheat Flour Substitute

The production of biscuits utilizing ripe banana peel flour (BPF) as a wheat flour (WF) alternative is presented in this study. Locally available Sabri banana peel was dried into a cabinet dryer at 65⁰C for 8 hours. The dried peel then turned into powder and sieved. The flours used in the preparation of the biscuits were analyzed for proximate composition. BPF contained a higher amount of fat compared to WF. Five samples of biscuits S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5 substituting WF with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30% BPF in the standard biscuits were prepared S1 denoted the control sample adding no BPF. The proximate composition and sensory quality of the produced biscuits were tested. All of the biscuit samples had greater weights than the control biscuit. In comparison to the control biscuit, BPF enriched biscuits had reduced diameter. Biscuits made with 10% BPF had a greater spread ratio than those made with other ingredients. The moisture, protein, fat, and total sugar content of biscuit samples were found in the range of 4.05-5.32%, 6.60-9.00%, 10.00-10.32%, and 17.00-25.00%, respectively. A sharp decrease in protein content was observed with the increase of BPF in the biscuits. A slight increase of fat was observed in the BPF substituted biscuits. The ash content in the control sample was 1.5%, and that in the banana peel substituted samples ranged from 1.80% to 2.0%. BPF substitution showed a downward trend in terms of color, flavor, texture, and general acceptability. The panelists rated sample S1 as having the highest overall acceptability. Among the BPF-containing biscuits, sample S2 had the best overall acceptance, followed by samples S3, S4, and S5. In terms of general acceptability, however, there are no notable variations between samples S2 and S3. According to sensory analysis, quality BPF biscuits may be prepared by replacing up to 10% of the WF with BPF.

Sensory Evaluation of Blended Taro (Colocasia Esculenta) and Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas) Polvoron

Objectives: This sensory evaluation study is aimed for an acceptable formulation of Taro and Sweet Potato for Polvoron. Polvoron is one of the pastry foods that can be quickly done by local entrepreneurs, unemployed youths, and Filipino households as a source of income. Methods: Three treatments were presented with different Taro and Sweet Potato flour mixed in ratio and kept other ingredients constant. The thirty (30) panelists evaluated the product’s palatability, texture, flavor, moldability, and overall acceptability. The Data analysis tools used were Chi-square (x2) to test the significant differences among the treatments and frequency to quantify the sensory evaluation assessment. Findings: Taro and Sweet Potato flour ratio of mixture influence the product quality. Treatment 1 (control) received a higher frequency than the other treatments in terms of general acceptability. When it comes to relevance, texture and moldability were discovered to have substantial changes among treatments. In contrast, the computed F-value of 8.332 is less than the important value of 15.51 at a 0.5 level of significance, indicating that the treatments are not significantly different in terms of overall acceptability among the three (3) combinations. Novelty: This study highlighted the suitable blending of taro and sweet potato when creating a healthy and locally available polvoron. Keywords: Blended Taro and Sweet Potato; Sensory; Acceptability; Polvoron; Flour

Investigation of the effect of oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) powder on biscuit production and effect on quality criteria by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of oyster mushroom powder addition (10, 20, and 30% levels by the replacement method with wheat flour) on the chemical and physical characteristics of biscuits. With the addition of oyster mushroom powder, an increase was observed in volume, spread ratio, and protein content of control biscuit group 5.36%, 6.87%, 40.96%, respectively. As a result of addition of mushroom powder, 26.97% decrease was observed on hardness values of the biscuit, while 5.94% increase in fracturability value was observed. According to sensorial analysis results, the 10% oyster mushroom powder in biscuit products showed the best sensory properties in terms of general acceptability and average values. FTIR was used to identify changes in functional groups such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins and indicated that addition of oyster mushroom powder caused increase in the protein bands and secondary structural components. Practical applications In this study, besides the production of protein-enriched biscuits, the quality criteria of the biscuits produced using FTIR were also evaluated. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of oyster mushroom powder on the chemical and physical characteristics of biscuits. Biscuits containing 62% more protein than the control group was obtained. In future studies, it is aimed to produce foods enriched with natural additives and to examine the quality criteria using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.

Çiğ ve Pastörize Akkaraman Koyun Sütlerinden Üretilen Erzincan Tulum Peynirlerinin Bazı Kalite Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması

In this research, Erzincan Tulum cheese samples were produced in the Dumlu (Erzurum, Turkey) plateaus with the help of the Şavak tribe who are the original producers of cheese and were produced in duplicate by using commercial liquid rennet from raw Akkaraman sheep’s milk (cheese R) and pasteurized Akkaraman sheep’s milk (cheese P). Produced cheeses were filled into the plastic barrels (2 kg), and ripened in a refrigerator at 4±1 °C for 90 days. The differences in the some microbiological (coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus and yeasts &amp; moulds), chemical and sensory properties of the produced cheeses were examined in monthly periods during the ripening period.&#x0D; &#x0D; In this study, the S. aureus counts were &lt; 2 log cfu/g in all Tulum cheese samples during the ripening. In addition, coliforms counts were &lt; 1 log cfu/g in samples produced from pasteurized milk (cheese P) during the ripening. During the ripening, the Tulum cheese samples produced from raw milk (cheese R) has higher total coliforms counts according to the Tulum cheese samples produced from pasteurized milk. The R and P cheese samples have statistically similar yeast and mould counts during the ripening. Total coliforms count in R cheese samples decreased continuously during the ripening. The yeast and mould counts in R and P cheese samples decreased also continuously during the ripening.&#x0D; &#x0D; During the ripening, the dry matter, fat, fat in dry matter, protein, ash, salt, salt in dry matter amounts in P cheese samples were determined to be higher according to R cheese samples. However; during the ripening, the pH and % acidity values in the P cheese samples were found to be lower than R cheese samples. In R and P cheese samples; except for pH, examined all chemical properties increased continuously during the ripening. As a result, it was emerged that the cheese variety and the ripening period affected the microbiological and chemical properties. During the ripening; the color and appearance, odor, texture, flavor, saltiness, fatness, bitterness and oxidation, general acceptability scores of R cheese samples were found to be statistically similar with these sensory property scores of P cheese samples. In terms of general acceptability, it can also be emphasized that cheese produced from sheep raw milk is more admired cheese in cheeses ripened for 3 months.

The effect of taro-wheat flour and taro-gluten free flour on cake batters and quality

Numerous researches have been still carried out for bakery products to improve their technological and nutritional properties. A well-balanced technological properties and nutritional value is needed to attract consumers. This study investigated the substitution of taro flour for both wheat flour cake (WFC) and gluten free flour cake (GFC) formulation. Taro flour was used as an alternative flour type for WFCs and especially GFCs, due to its nutritional components. Cake batter rheology, cake quality and some nutritional properties were determined and compared with those of control cakes. Significant effect was observed in the higher substitution of taro flour (25%) with wheat flour in terms of storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″). For gluten free formulation, gradual increment for G′ value and notable reduction of damping factor (tan δ) was observed with higher substitution value ranged from 12.5 to 25%. The substitution of taro flour up to 25% into GFC formulation cause no significant increase in hardness value (p > 0.05). Total color difference (ΔE) in the crust and crumb characteristics were not detected for WFC significantly (p > 0.05). The highest ΔE values were obtained for both crust and crumb colour characteristics from substitution level of 18.7% and 25% in GFC formulation (p < 0.05). Sensorial evaluation showed that addition of taro flour up to 25% provided similar quality attributes when compared with control cakes in terms of general acceptability.

Formulation and Assessment of Nutritional Functional and Sensory Attributes of Complementary Foods from Maize-Carrot-Pigeon Pea Flour Blends

Nutritive, less bulk and low cost complementary flour blends were produced from maize, carrot and pigeon pea. Five different blends of flour were formulated from maize, carrot and pigeon pea in the ratio of 100:0:0 (A), 90:5:5 (B), 85:5:10 (C), 80:5:15 (D) and 75:5:20 (E) while commercial formula (sample F) served as control. The formulated complementary flour blends were analyzed for their functional properties, proximate, selected mineral and vitamin compositions while the reconstituted samples (gruel) were evaluated for sensory attributes. The functional properties of the complementary flour blends showed less bulk density (0.72-0.76 g/ml) below the commercial formula (1.26 g/ml), low water and oil absorption capacity as well as swelling index. The proximate composition showed significant (p&lt;0.05) increase and ranged from 4.08-4.91% moisture, 6.15-9.48% crude protein, 1.33-1.48% ash, 1.98-2.71% crude fibre, 3.07-4.15% lipid, and 82.93-86.72% carbohydrate. Vitamins A and C were also increased significantly as the levels of substitution increased from 1.80-2.14 µ/100g and 3.21-4.42 µ/100g, respectively. The sensory scores showed that sample A was most preferred followed by sample B in terms of general acceptability.

Chemical, Pasting and Sensory Characteristics of Ukpo oka - A Steamed Maize Pudding Formulated From Maize and African Yam Bean Flour

Studies were conducted on the chemical, functional, pasting properties of the flour blends and sensory properties of ukpo oka formulated from of maize- African yam bean flour (AYBF) in order to improve the nutritional content of maize and encourage a wider utilization of the legume AYB. Supplementation of maize and African yam flour was done at 100:0, 50:50, 80:20, 60:40 and 20:80 maize: African yam bean flour, respectively. Proximate composition, functional properties, pasting properties of the flour blends was determined and sensory attributes of the products were also evaluated. The result showed that supplementation of maize with African yam bean flour significantly increased the protein, ash and fiber content of the flour blends with values ranging from 3.91 - 11.08%, 2.90 - 6.60%, 0.67 - 1.82% for protein, ash and fiber contents respectively. The protein, ash and fiber contents increased with addition of African yam bean flour while carbohydrate content of maize- African yam bean blends decreased with increase in the level of African yam bean. The values for functional properties ranged from 0.72 – 0.82g/ml, 99.33 – 323.33%, 9.01 – 19.65%, 690.00 - 978.33%, 0.67 – 1.13%, 0.484 – 1.038% for bulk density, foaming capacity, emulsion capacity, swelling capacity, water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity respectively. Values for pasting properties of the flour blends expressed in rapid visco unit (RVU) ranges from 129.25 – 209.40, 22.55 – 67.93, 60.21 – 124.62 , 145.25 – 247.67 , 83.37 – 84.56 , 5.47 – 5.97 and 87.19 – 141.35 for peak viscosity, break down viscosity, set back viscosity, final viscosity, pasting temperature, peak time and trough respectively. Set back viscosity and final viscosity increased with increase in the levels of African yam bean while break down viscosity decrease with the increase in the levels of African yam bean. The products were highly rated in all sensory attributes evaluated however aroma decreases with increase in the levels of AYBF. Product made from flour blend 50:50 was the most preferred in terms of general acceptability.

Effect of yoghurt–milk enrichment with whole soy bean flour

The potential of symbiotic yoghurt enrichment with soybean flour was studied yoghurt control Sample A: 100% Milk powder (Dano) and o% whole soyabean flour ,Sample B: 90% milk powder (Dano) and 10% whole soybean flour, Sample C: 80% milk powder (Dano) and 20% whole soybean flour, Sample D: 70% milk powder (Dano) and 30% whole soybean flour, Sample E: 60% milk powder (Dano) and 40% whole soy bean flour were produced respectively. The proximate composition, physical, chemical properties and sensory evaluation were determined using standard methods. The results on proximate obtained showed increase in values for moisture (77.79-89.34)%, protein (3.06-9.23)%, fat content (1.57-3.97)% and fiber content (0.18-2.45)%.A reversed trend was observed for ash and carbohydrate values. The physiochemical analysis results obtained showed decrease in total solids (22.21-10.66)%, total solid non-fat (201.64-6.70)%, TTA (1.34-0.78)%, viscosity (10.54-0.86) Pa.s and PH with observed increased from (4.5-5.13). The sensory evaluation result showed that there were no significant difference p&gt;0.05 between the control and sample B in appearance but there were significance difference p&lt;0.05 between the control and the enriched sample in terms of aroma, taste, mouthful and overall acceptability. It was observed that substituting 10% whole soybean flour with powdered milk gave the yoghurt the ranked characteristic as the control, whole yoghurt in terms of general acceptability.

Atık Fermente Havuç Tozu İlavesinin Bisküvi Kalitesine Etkisi

Bu çalışmada, artık siyah havucun toz haline getirilerek bisküvi formülasyonuna farklı oranlarda (%10, 20 ve 30) ilave edilmesi sonucunda yeni ve fonksiyonel bir ürün elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Atık fermente havuç tozu (AFHT) ilave edilmeyen bisküviler, kontrol grubu olarak alınmıştır. AFHT‘ye ait askorbik asit, toplam fenolik madde miktarı ve antioksidan aktivite değerleri incelendiğinde, sırasıyla 1032,75 mgAA/1000g, 4254,92 mg GAE/kg kuru ağırlık ve % inhibisyon 43,30 olarak bulunmuştur. AFHT ilavesinin bisküvi hamuru tekstürel özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bununla birlikte AFHT ilavesinin bisküvilerin renk değerleri, su aktivitesi, nem, kül, askorbik asit, toplam fenolik madde, antioksidan aktivite ve tekstürel özelliklerine etkisi belirlenmiştir. AFHT ilavesi ile bisküvilerde kontrol örneğine göre L* ve b* değerleri azalırken, a* değerleri artmıştır. AFHT oranı arttıkça bisküvilerde su aktivitesi ve kül değeri yükselmiştir. AFTH (%30) ilave edilmiş bisküvilerin askorbik asit, toplam fenolik madde ve antioksidan aktivite (DPPH) değerleri kontrol grubuna göre sırasıyla 4,89, 7,22 ve 4,04 kat artış göstermiştir. AFTH ilavesi bisküvilerin tekstürel özelliklerini de iyileştirmiş, kontrol grubu sertlik değeri 4175,87 g kuvvet olarak bulunmuşken, en yüksek sertlik değeri %20 AFHT ilaveli bisküvilerde 6494,09 g kuvvet olarak elde edilmiştir. Yapılan duyusal değerlendirmede ise genel kabul edilebilirlik açısından yapılan değerlendirmede, %10 AFHT ilave edilmiş bisküviler 5,6 değeri ile en yüksek beğeniyi kazanmıştır.

Sensory Evaluation of Syneresis Reduced Jam and Marmalade Containing Gum Arabic from &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Acacia senegal&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; var. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;kerensis&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

Jams and marmalades are some of the most popular food products because of their low cost, all year long availability and appealing sensory properties. These products are described as gels with pectin as the gelling agent used in its formulation. Gels are a form of matter intermediate between a solid and a liquid. They consist of polymeric molecules cross-linked to form tangles, and interconnected molecular network immersed in a liquid medium. However, the jams and marmalades require stabilization by hydrocolloids. The most common hydrocolloid stabilizer is pectin which is available as a low methoxy pectin or high methoxy pectin. Unfortunately, under mechanical stress, pectin gels may be damaged leading to the release of colloidal water. The release of the colloidal water is termed as syneresis. This problem may be solved by integrating pectin with other stabilizers having thickening properties. Jams were prepared using plums and pineapples while marmalades were prepared from oranges and lemons. Gum Arabic from Acacia senegal var. kerensis was added in the range of 1% - 5% which fell within the additives category. The prepared jams and marmalades underwent sensory evaluation using semi-trained panelists. The prepared jams and marmalades showed no evidence of syneresis. The jams and marmalades were subjected to a sensory panel who scored the different attributes against a 7-point hedonic scale. Gum Arabic at different levels was found to have a significant contribution to the consumer acceptance of the fruit spreads prepared. This is the first time that syneresis reduced jams and marmalades containing gum Arabic from Acacia senegal var. kerensis are being reported. Sensory evaluation was carried out on different fruit spreads used in the study to assess the impact of gum Arabic from Acacia senegal var. Kerensis. The parameters include taste, texture, spreadability, aroma, flavour, colour and general acceptability. Red plum jam and Pineapple jam had its best performance for general acceptability use at 5% level of gum Arabic whereas 4% gum Arabic level performed best for general acceptability for Orange marmalade and 5% level best for Lemon marmalade in terms of general acceptability.