Terms Of Family Income Research Articles

Effects of perceived social support on health-related quality of life in asymptomatic and symptomatic people living with HIV in China: A cross-sectional study.

Improving health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in people living with HIV (PLWH) is one of the critical goals of HIV prevention and control in the following decades, and perceived social support (PSS) has always exhibited a positive influence on patients' HRQOL. This study aims to describe the gap in social support in improving HRQOL between symptomatic and asymptomatic PLWH. By analysing secondary data from an online survey, a multicenter, descriptive and crosssectional study was conducted. The correlation trend and differences between PSS and HRQOL among asymptomatic and symptomatic PLWH were determined. Information from 493 PLWH with ART medication was finally analyzed: 34.89% asymptomatic PLWH and 65.11% symptomatic PLWH. There were significant differences observed between the two groups in terms of family income (χ2=9.782, p=0.021), HIV-positive duration (χ2=19.541, p＜0.001), stage of disease (χ2=9.617, p=0.008), and comorbidities (χ2=26.119, P＜ 0.001). The mean score of HRQOL of PLWH for the whole domain of the questionnaire was 86.56 (SD=15.95). In six domains of QOL and PSS, the asymptomatic group had better conditions than the symptomatic group. There was a linear association between PSS and HRQOL, not only in the symptomatic group but also asymptomatic population, after adjusting for potential confounding factors. When the level of PSS was between 60 and 80, the HRQOL of the symptomatic group was similar to that of the asymptomatic group. While the score of PSS exceeded 80, the HRQOL of the symptomatic group was less sensitive to the changes in PSS. The social and environmental status of HRQOL in PLWH was most strongly correlated with their PSS. The value of PSS on the HRQOL in PLWH is confirmed, especially for asymptomatic subjects. Healthcare providers need a complete understanding of the gap in social support between the asymptomatic and symptomatic populations. The comprehensive strategies, including symptom management, active treatment, and social support, should be more efficient for improving the overall health of symptomatic PLWH.

Innovación verde en área urbana como modelo de cultura cívica inclusiva. El caso de PAZ (Parque Agroecológico de Zapopan).

This research aims to analyze the model of inclusive civic culture created and developed in the Agro ecological Park of Zapopan (PAZ). Based on the need to rescue vacant urban land use with the participation of residents residing in the surrounding colonies, social movements, civil society, and local government, they have designed and implemented actions to create PAZ (PEACE). The Agro ecological Park of Zapopan is an area of green innovation where in addition to the cultivation of vegetables, vegetables, medicinal plants, and decoration under relations of cooperation, trust and community support, the formation of social capital that sustains a culture of peace based on environmental sustainability activities. The results of the implementation of this project, born from bottom of the social and power structures, constitute a significant experience in the regeneration of public spaces and green areas that provides greater economic efficiency in terms of family income, a greater relevance of equity, inclusion and social justice and improvement of environmental sustainability.

Lived Experiences, Academic Performance, and Aspirations of a Muslim Learner in a Public High School

This study was conducted to narrate the experiences, academic performance, and aspirations of a Muslim learner in a public high school. The findings of the study served as the basis for understanding the learning situation and performance of the learner. Specifically, this study sought to: describe the living condition of the Muslim learner in terms of family income and size and how these affected her academic performance; discuss the aspirations, experiences, and challenges of the Muslim learner in a public high school; and describe the academic performance of the Muslim learner during her stay in a public high school. The researcher employed the qualitative research design, particularly the case study method of research. The researcher, later on, came up with themes to describe the experiences and performance of the Muslim learner and a recommendation for future research was also made by the researcher. These were the themes presented in this paper: (1) Experiences in a public high school. (2) Quality of education. (3) Family support. (4) Academic performance. (5) Dreams and aspirations. It can be noted that the respondent had positive experiences in her stay in a public high school. She did not feel any discrimination and untoward incident of her being a Muslim. However, she pointed that she would have wanted to have Muslim teachers or included in the curriculum will be lessons specifically for them, as specified in Madrasah education. She had struggled a lot, though, in her academic performance, because of difficult situations she had experienced.

Targeted scholarship for higher education and academic performance: Evidence from Indonesia

This paper studies the effect of a large-scale scholarship introduced by the Indonesian government in 2010 that provides generous financial assistance for poor students. By using administrative data from a large public university in Indonesia, this study estimates the likely effect of the scholarship on student academic performance during university. Using matching methods of coarsened exact matching (CEM) that take into account the selection criteria used for scholarship allocation, we find that the scholarship is positively associated with student performance in terms of GPA. Furthermore, we find that these positive associations are strongest for the least advantaged group in terms of family income.

The determinant factor of the mother's ability to choose healthy food

This study aims to reveal: 1.) The size of the capital city in consuming healthy food; 2.) Selection of healthy food between working and non-working mothers; 3.) Choosing mothers in healthy food between families with a budget for food costs per person per day; and 4.) Choosing mothers in healthy food according to the number of family members. This research is a quantitative survey. The population was the research of PKK mothers in Delta Pawan and Benua Kayong districts, Ketapang, West Kalimantan. Samples of 90 can be responsive using cluster area random sampling. Validity is based on content validity. The reliability of the instrument was calculated using the Guttman Split-half. Data analysis used descriptive and comparative analysis of K sample one way ANOVA. The results showed that: 1.) The choice of mothers in healthy food consumption was seen from the high category knowledge with a frequency of 58.8%. Attitude category is sufficient with a frequency of 52.2%, high category skills with a frequency of 54.4%; 2.) There is a positive and significant difference in the selection of mothers who lack healthy food in terms of working and non-working mothers 0.003 0.05; 3.) There is a positive and significant difference in the choice of mothers in healthy food consumption in terms of family income, namely the budget for food costs per day per person of 0.000 0.05; and 4.) There is a positive and significant difference in the choice of mothers in healthy food consumption in terms of family type, namely the number of family members of 0.003 0.05.

Sustainable Natural Resources Management and Land Planning: The Case of Parque Agroecológico De Zapopan

This research aims to analyze the model of sustainable natural resources management and land planning an in the Agro ecological Park of Zapopan (PAZ). Based on the need to rescue vacant urban land use with the participation of residents residing in the surrounding colonies, social movements, civil society and local government, they have designed and implemented actions to create PAZ (PEACE) as an area of green innovation. In addition to the cultivation of vegetables, vegetables, medicinal plants and decoration under relations of cooperation, trust and community support, the formation of social capital that sustains a culture of peace based on environmental sustainability activities. The results of the implementation of this project, born from bottom of the social and power structures, constitute a significant experience in the regeneration of public spaces and green areas that provides greater economic efficiency in terms of family income, a greater relevance of equity, inclusion and social justice and improvement of environmental sustainability.

Open High School Program (OHSP): Efficacy in its Implementation

To inform the policy-making officers of the Open High School Program of San Jose City National High School (SJCNHS) San Jose City, Philippines, the researcher conducted a study to evaluate the program after almost 4 years of implementation. The study utilized a survey method to quantify the observation of the teachers and the perception of the learners. In terms of the sociodemographic profile of the OHSP learners, the age of the learners seems to cluster around the 14-16 age bracket meaning most of the learners are still within the age bracket of those in the regular class. It also reveals that there are about an even number of males and females. In terms of grade level, there are fewer Grade 7 learners that are enrolled in the program. The majority of the OHSP learners come from a family with unstable jobs. Further analysis shows that most of the OHSP learners' parents are working as a farmhand or has a small-scale business. In terms of parents' educational attainment, the data suggest that a large majority of the parents are high school graduates. In terms of family income, data shows that a substantial chunk of the families of OHSP learners did not reach the poverty threshold set by National Economic Development Authority (NEDA). In several siblings, the data reflects that majority of the OHSP learners come from small families. The results also suggest that OHSP learners seek assistance and even let others accomplish tasks intended for them and learners prefer to do the task when the deadline is near, a result of low motivation in accomplishing the task. According to teachers surveyed, OHSP learners require constant supervision to accomplish a given task. In informal reading inventory, the results also show that majority of the OHSP learners are classified as Frustration learners. For teacher's assessment of learner's compliance on modules, the data reveals that a majority of the learners in OHSP are failing to submit their requirements half of the time. With regards to the attendance, tardiness, and grades as academic indicators for assessing the progress of a learner in school, the result suggests that out of the 7 classes of the OHSP on average OHSP learners only attended four and half times. While tardiness is not a big problem. For the average grade, it indicates that they are not high-performing students. In the correlation analysis between experiences of learners with their sociodemographic profile, a negative correlation was found between having difficulty in complying with requirements and Grade Level (r=-.284, p>0.05). A very significant relationship was found between seeking assistance and Gender (r=.393, p>0.001). Another significant correlation was found between being motivated and Grade Level (r=330, p>0.05). Turning to Time Management, where two variables from the learners' profile have been marked significant correlating. It seems like females are more open to the idea of making a priority list (r=.332, p>0.05). The other correlation being preparing necessary materials and Family Income (r=-.346, p>0.05).In correlation between experiences in OHSP and the Teachers' Evaluation of OHSP learners, it found out that difficulty in complying with requirements is correlated with requiring constant supervision (r=.370, p>0.05), learning new concept (r=-0.274, p>0.05, and Phil-IRI rating (r=-.310, p>0.05). The motivation was found to be significantly correlated with the following instruction. And preparing necessary materials is correlated with attendance, compliance, and final grade.

Entrepreneurial Models of Inclusive Civil Culture: The Case of Zapopan Agro Ecological Park

This research aims to analyze the model of entrepreneurial, inclusive civic culture created and developed in the Zapopan Agro ecological Park (PAZ). Based on the need to rescue vacant urban land use with the participation of residents residing in the surrounding colonies, social movements, civil society, and local government, they have designed and implemented actions to create PAZ (PEACE). The Zapopan Agro ecological Park is an area of green innovation where in addition to the cultivation of vegetables, vegetables, medicinal plants, and decoration under relations of cooperation, trust, and community support, the formation of social capital that sustains a culture of peace based on environmental sustainability activities. The results of the implementation of this project, born from the bottom of the social and power structures, constitute a significant experience in the regeneration of public spaces and green areas that provides greater economic efficiency in terms of family income, a greater relevance of equity, inclusion and social justice and improvement of environmental sustainability. It is concluded that Zapopan Agro ecological Park is a model of entrepreneurial, inclusive civil culture. This park marks a milestone in the regeneration of public spaces with a project of social and environmental relevance.This research aims to analyze the model of entrepreneurial, inclusive civic culture created and developed in the Zapopan Agro ecological Park (PAZ). Based on the need to rescue vacant urban land use with the participation of residents residing in the surrounding colonies, social movements, civil society, and local government, they have designed and implemented actions to create PAZ (PEACE). The Zapopan Agro ecological Park is an area of green innovation where in addition to the cultivation of vegetables, vegetables, medicinal plants, and decoration under relations of cooperation, trust, and community support, the formation of social capital that sustains a culture of peace based on environmental sustainability activities. The results of the implementation of this project, born from the bottom of the social and power structures, constitute a significant experience in the regeneration of public spaces and green areas that provides greater economic efficiency in terms of family income, a greater relevance of equity, inclusion and social justice and improvement of environmental sustainability. It is concluded that Zapopan Agro ecological Park is a model of entrepreneurial, inclusive civil culture. This park marks a milestone in the regeneration of public spaces with a project of social and environmental relevance.

More Than Meets the Eye: Income and Racial Disparities in Vision Health of Older Adults

By the end of this decade, the USA is projected to experience an increase of more than 50% in the number of people with poorer vision health as the population grows older. Using data from the NHANES III (1988–1994) for 7,186 White, Black, and Hispanic adults of ages 50 to 90 (Mean=68.23, SD=10), this paper examines the racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in vision health in the older adult population. The focus of this paper is on Visual Impairment indicators: full/partial blindness and trouble seeing with glasses to demonstrate vision health disparities in these race/ethnic groups in terms of family income using logistic regression analysis. Controls include demographic characteristics like age, gender, marital status, region, education and behavioral features like alcohol consumption and smoking. We explore another component of vision health: days since last visit to healthcare provider to evaluate the inequalities in access to health care using OLS regression analysis. In Whites (OR=.85) and Blacks (OR=.63), people with less family income are more likely to experience blindness, however, there exists no significant variability in blindness in terms of family income among Hispanics. In Black (OR=.82) and Hispanics (OR=.85), people with less family income are more likely to have trouble seeing even with glasses, however, this relationship does not exist among Whites. Days since last visit can be explained by income for Whites (Beta=-92), not for Blacks and Hispanics. This compounded disparity puts a disproportionate economic burden on minority groups, but the current Medicare policy fails to address that.

Entrepreneurial Models of Inclusive Civil Culture- The Case of Zapopan Agro-Ecological Park

This research aims to analyze the model of entrepreneurial inclusive civic culture created and developed in the Zapopan Agro-Ecological Park (PAZ). Based on the need to rescue vacant urban land use with the participation of residents residing in the surrounding colonies, social movements, civil society, and local government, they have designed and implemented actions to create PAZ (PEACE). The Zapopan Agro-Ecological Park is an area of green innovation where in addition to the cultivation of vegetables, vegetables, medicinal plants, and decoration under relations of cooperation, trust and community support, the formation of social capital that sustains a culture of peace based on environmental sustainability activities. The results of the implementation of this project, born from bottom of the social and power structures, constitute a significant experience in the regeneration of public spaces and green areas that provides greater economic efficiency in terms of family income, a greater relevance of equity, inclusion and social justice and improvement of environmental sustainability. It is concluded that Zapopan Agro ecological Park is a model of entrepreneurial inclusive civil culture. This park marks a milestone in the regeneration of public spaces with a project of social and environmental relevance.

Teen childbearing and offspring internalizing symptoms: The mediating role of child maltreatment.

Teenage childbearing (age 15-19 years) represents a significant public health issue that can generate considerable deleterious, multigenerational consequences for teen-childbearing mothers and their offspring. However, few studies have examined the potential mediating mechanisms that may explain if and how teen childbearing is associated with the development of offspring psychopathology. The current study used a developmental model to test the mediating role of chronic child maltreatment in the relationship between teen childbearing and offspring internalizing symptoms in childhood and emerging adulthood. The study participants were 384 individuals from socioeconomically disadvantaged, ethnically diverse backgrounds, assessed across two longitudinal waves of data (i.e., ages 10-12 and 18-20). The sample included maltreated and nonmaltreated children, all of whom were comparable in terms of family income. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test direct and indirect pathways from teen childbearing to offspring psychopathology. A multigenerational developmental cascade was found such that individuals born to mothers who began their childbearing in adolescence were more likely to experience chronic maltreatment during childhood, which in turn predicted greater internalizing symptoms throughout childhood and emerging adulthood. Using a developmental psychopathology framework, the results are discussed with regard to implications for prevention and early intervention.

Gambaran Perilaku Pencegahan Kanker Serviks Pada Wanita Pasangan Usia Subur di Puskesmas Rewarangga

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the third cancer cause and the fourth leading cause of death for all types of cancer in women worldwide. Cervical cancer can be prevented and cured by early detection because it has a long preinvasive phase. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevention behavior of cervical cancer in woman couple of reproductive ages in Rewarangga Community Health Center.Methods: This research method was a descriptive study involving 196 respondents, taken by cluster random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire about respondent characteristics and prevention behavior of cervical cancer.Results: Most of the respondents aged between 36-45 years were 109 people (55.6%), seen from the education level almost half had elementary school education as many as 92 people (46.9%), in terms of employment almost half of the respondents did not work as many as 91 people (46.4%), and in terms of family income almost all of them have family income below the UMR <Rp 1,000,000 as many as 174 people (88.8%), the majority of respondents had a behavior of prevention of positive cervical cancer by 143 people (72.9%).Conclusion: The results showed a description of the prevention behavior of cervical cancer in women couple of reproductive ages based on demographic data of age, education, occupation, family income in obtaining the majority of positive cervical cancer prevention behaviors in the form of non-smoking behavior, not having free sex, consuming vegetables and fruit and not using KB long pill, but the behavior of cervical cancer screening with IVA method almost all respondents have never done it. It is expected that the efforts of health workers in providing education related to cervical cancer screening using the IVA method as an effort to prevent cervical cancer.

The Price of Prejudice: Women’s Work and Labour Force Discrimination in Australian History

This article examines changes in women’s participation in the workforce and female wage rates in late nineteenth and early twentieth century Australia, focusing on the period of boom, depression and recovery from 1890 to 1910. Instead of explaining the trends in terms of family income or labour market segmentation, it is argued that the changes observed can be explained on the basis of sex-based discrimination in the labour market. Evidence from Victorian manufacturing during this period supports the discrimination hypothesis. Statistics for manufacturing industry in Brisbane during this period also give support to the discrimination hypothesis. As the economy slipped into depression and the general level of incomes fell, people were less willing to pay the price of prejudice against women workers. Both employment discrimination and wage discrimination against women were temporarily alleviated. Consequently there was the concurrence of rising employment of women relative to men and rising women’s wages relative to men’s wages.

SOCIAL EFFECTS OF NEW MEDIA THROUGH THE PERCEPTION OF CHILDREN, PARENTS AND TEACHERS: CASE OF SHKODER

The media are playing an important role in children’s daily lives, whether measured in terms of family income, use of time and space, or importance within the conduct of social relations. Curiously, there is a notable discrepancy between the high levels of public concern over children and young people’s use of new media and the minimum of empirical research conducted thus far. Although, children are often left out of ‘population’ surveys, in Europe (Kelly, 1998). Also in Albania, the use of new media from children and young has conduct to undertake some studies related to this domain. Referring to this study we aim to understand the perception of children, parents and teacher about the effects that new media create the children life. The methodology used is a qualitative one based in 20 semi structured interviews with parents and teacher and in a focus group of children age 12-15 years old. Through this study we aim to know more about the new media; the way of use, activities and their negative or positive social effects on children. The conclusions of this paper are: the social media are constantly present in children life of now days; the most use are: Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat. They use new media and social media for entertainments, home works, conversations and socialization. Also, parents and teacher try to controlling in distance the way that the children use media. They try to protect them from different derange. Most of parent and teacher think that the only one positive effect of new media in their children life is the possibility to take information that can help children with home works. Article visualizations:

The livelihood reconstruction of resettlers from the Nam Ngum 1 hydropower project in Laos

The Nam Ngum 1 hydropower project took place in the early 1970s and displaced about 23 villages and 570 households. This research focuses on two resettlement villages: Pakcheng and Phonhang. A comparison is made concerning the livelihood conditions of these two villages, resettled in 1968 and 1977, respectively. The methodology involved consultation meetings in each village and one-on-one interviews of 100 households (50 households per village). This case study has determined that in terms of family income for these two villages, Pakcheng is significantly more affluent than Phonhang. This is probably because Pakcheng is located along a main road and has far better facilities and irrigation systems.

Choosing your niche: the social ecology of the International Baccalaureate Diploma in Australia

The International Baccalaureate’s (IB) branding and reputation targets academic high achievers aiming for university entrance. This is an empirical examination of the growing popularity of this transnational secondary credential amongst local populations in Australia, focusing on its uptake across the community, and the discourses underpinning its spread and popularity. This paper reports on online surveys of 179 parents and 231 students in schools offering the IB as an alternative to Australian state curricula. It sets out to understand the social ecology of who chooses the IB and who it chooses. Statistically significant differences between IB and non-IB choosers were found in terms of family income, parent education, student aspirations, transnational lifestyles and neoconservative, neoliberal and cosmopolitan beliefs. The analysis demonstrates how the reproduction of advantage is accomplished through choice behaviours in stratified educational markets.

Are both parents always better than one? Parental conflict and young adult well-being

Using data from three waves of the National Survey of Families and Households ( N = 1963), we examine associations between adolescent family experiences and young adult well-being across a range of indicators, including schooling, substance use, and family-related transitions. We compare children living with both biological parents, but whose parents differ in how often they argue, to children in stepfather and single-mother families, and we assess the extent to which differences can be understood in terms of family income and parenting practices. Findings suggest that parental conflict is associated with children’s poorer academic achievement, increased substance use, and early family formation and dissolution. Living in single-mother and stepfather families tend to be more strongly associated with our indicators of well-being, although differences between these family types and living with high conflict continuously married parents are often statistically indistinguishable. Income and parenting largely do not account for associations between adolescent family type and later life outcomes. We conclude that while children do better, on average, living with two biological married parents, the advantages of two-parent families are not shared equally by all.

From Picket Fences to Iron Gates: Suburbanization and Gated Communities in Phoenix, Las Vegas and Seattle.

Suburbanization has been a prominent urban process in the United States since the World War II. It has transformed American cities in profound ways in every single aspect of urban development; from population and wealth distributions, through political organization and affiliations, to the built environment. This paper investigates the link between gated communities and the process of suburbanization in the context of socio-economic inequality. As it has been shown time and again in the scholarly literature on suburbanization, the suburban neighborhoods in American cities have been traditionally more affluent and less diverse than central cities. The research on gated communities in the U.S. also shows that they are, on average, more affluent compared to other communities in terms of family income and housing values. Then are gated communities simply a new form of suburban communities? Is the gated community in fact a suburban community with the added element of security features? The paper investigates these questions based on segregation and spatial analyses. The research contributes to the long line of studies on suburbanization, gating and the larger issues of urban inequality.

Trajectories of Socioeconomic Status Across Children's Lifetime Predict Health

Socioeconomic status is one of the most robust social factors associated with health, but the dynamics of how socioeconomic status over time affects children's health remains unclear. This study tested how various models of childhood socioeconomic status (accumulation, change, variability, and critical periods of family income) would predict health outcomes at a final time point in childhood. This was a prospective, longitudinal study of 6306 children who were aged 10 to 11 years and whose families were interviewed every other year from birth onward. The sample came from the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-Children. In the same data set, a replication sample of 4305 14- to 15-year-old children was also examined. Primary outcomes included parent report of asthma and conditions that limited activity and school and required physician treatment. Lower cumulative family income was associated with higher odds for having a condition that limited childhood activities, as well as a condition that required treatment by a physician at ages 10 to 11. Cumulative family income was a stronger predictor than change in income or variability in income. Lower family income early in life (ages 0-5 years) was associated with higher odds for having a condition that limited activities and a condition that required treatment by a physician at ages 10 to 11, independent of current socioeconomic status. Findings were replicated in the 14- to 15-year-old sample. These findings suggest that the accumulation of socioeconomic status in terms of family income across childhood is more important than social mobility or variability in socioeconomic status, although there may be certain periods of time (early life) that have stronger effects on health. These findings suggest the importance of childhood interventions for reducing health disparities.

Problems and possibilities of development work among tribals: a participatory evaluation of a voluntary agency in India.

Mandal, a church-related non-governmental voluntary agency operating in north-west India's Nasik district since 1966 was evaluated for performance in promoting self-sustaining economic growth and socio- political awareness in its beneficiaries. The research design incorporated 2 questions, the extent to which Mandal had used the integrated approach, and the extent to which it promoted structural change in the village. 2 levels of analysis were used: random samples of 315 individuals (163 beneficiaries and 152 non-beneficiaries) and data from the takatu's office for 20 involved villages and 8 control villages. Quantitative data were sought by examining files and doing closed interviews, and qualitative data were collected by observation and open-ended interviews. The variables used in the analysis were educational level, class category, caste, agricultural investment, family net income, individual consciousness and social participation. It was concluded that on the individual level some positive impact was discernible in terms of family income and agricultural investment. At the village level no quantitative improvement was measurable, but the effect of Mandal was symbolic in that it sets an example for social change. The Mandal has acquired a health, non-partisan secular image for social action.