Terms Of Electrical Conductivity Retention Research Articles

Electrode Fabrication, Material Characterization and Capacitance Measurement Studies of Polyacrylonitrile/Polypyrrole(PAN/PPY) Composite

For the fabrication of the electrode, the Polyvinyl alcohol/polyaniline composite was prepared by the sol-gel method. The electrical conductivity of the composite was determined on compressed pellets by using a 4-in-line-probe dc electrical conductivity-measuring instrument. The electrical conductivity measurement studies revealed that the composite possessed the electrical conductivity in the range of 10-4 to 10-2 S cm-1, i.e., in the semiconductor region and followed the Arrhenius equation. The thermal stability of the composite material (HCl treated) in terms of dc electrical conductivity retention was studied under isothermal conditions (at 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, and 150 °C) at 15 min intervals. The stability of the material (HCl treated) in terms of electrical conductivity retention was also monitored for five cycles at increasing temperatures with 1 h intervals. The composite material was found thermally and environmentally stable in terms of dc electrical conductivity retention.

Electrical Conductivity Studies of Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites in Ambient Conditions

Nanocomposites of conducting polymer (polyaniline, PANI) nanoparticles with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as inorganic filler and cellulose acetate (CA) as supporting matrix were prepared by a solution-casting method using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent. The nanocomposites were studied for their DC electrical conductivity and stability in terms of electrical conductivity retention by isothermal accelerated ageing and cyclic accelerated ageing techniques using a four-in-line probe instrument. The nanocomposites were also characterized by FTIR, SEM, TEM, TGA and XRD. All the nanocomposite formulations followed an Arrhenius-type temperature dependence of electrical conductivity, which supported a semiconducting nature for their HCl doped state. The electrical conductivity of the as-prepared HCl doped nanocomposites was also found to be in the semiconducting region. The studied nanocomposite formulations showed good stability towards retention of their electrical conductivity up to 90°C. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) data suggested the uniform incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the polymer matrix.

English

An electrically conducting composite material polyacrylonitrile/Polypyrrole (PAN/Ppy) was prepared by sol-gel method. The temperature dependence of the DC electrical conductivity was measured on compressed pellets by using a 4-in-line-probe dc electrical conductivity-measuring instrument. The conductivity values lies in the semiconductor region, i.e., 10-2–10-4 S cm-1 and follow the Arrhenius equation. The thermal stability of the composite material (HCl treated) in terms of dc electrical conductivity retention was studied under isothermal conditions (at 50, 70, 90, 110, 130 and 150 °C) at 15 min intervals. The stability of the material (HCl treated) in terms of electrical conductivity retention was also monitored for five cycles for increasing temperatures at 1 h intervals. The composite material was found thermally and environmentally stable in terms of DC electrical conductivity retention.

Synthesis, Characterization and Electrical Conductivity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded in Polythiophene Nanocomposites

Polythiophene/ZnO (PTh/ZnO) nanocomposites composed of conducting polymer PTh were prepared by chemical polymerization of thiophene monomer using FeCl3 as an oxidant and ZnO nanoparticles by reverse micellar method. The nanocomposites were also characterized using FTIR, SEM, TEM, and XRD. It was found that the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites first increased conductivity of the nanocomposite first increased but later on decreased as the temperature increased. Electrical conductivity of nanocomposite containing polymer matrices and zinc oxide nanoparticles showed good stability in terms of electrical conductivity retention up to 110 � C. Scanning electron micrographs showed globular particles and the presence of clusters of composite particles. Transmission electron micrographic (TEM) analyses revealed the particle size of the composite to be in the range 22–17 nm. Thermal analyses (TG/DTA) revealed the outstanding stability of PTP–ZnO composites compared to PTP. The conductivity of PTP and of PTP–ZnO composite was of the order of 10 −4 –10 −2 Sc m −1 .

Studies on Nanocomposites of Polyaniline and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Supporting Matrix of Polycarbonate

Nanocomposites of polyaniline and zinc oxide nanoparticles using polycarbonate as supporting matrix were prepared by direct mixing process. These nanocomposites were studied for their DC electrical conductivity using four-in-line probe technique. Stability of DC electrical conductivity in terms of electrical conductivity retention was also studied using two slightly different techniques. The nanocomposites were also characterized using FTIR, SEM, TEM, and XRD. It was found that the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites first increased with the increase in concentration of ZnO nanoparticles content, but then decreased on further increase in its content. Stability studies showed that the loss in electrical conductivity decreased with increase of ZnO content in nanocomposites. TEM and XRD results showed that nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in polymer matrix and also suggest that the direct solution mixing method may be adopted as an easy and efficient route for the preparation of nanocomposites.