Termis Seeds Research Articles

Role of Biotransformation of Acacia nilotica Metabolites by Aspergillus subolivaceus in Boosting Lupinus termis Yield: A Promising Approach to Sustainable Agriculture

Biotransformation plays a significant role in sustainable agriculture. This process involves utilizing microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, to transform organic compounds and metabolites into bioactive compounds which have beneficial effects on plant growth, yield, and soil characters. Accordingly, the present study aims to explore the role of biotransformation of Acacia nilotica metabolites by Aspergillus subolivaceus in boosting L. termis yield, as an important strategy in agricultural sustainability. A pilot experiment was performed on five fungal strains (Fusarium oxysporium A. aculeatus, Aspergillus. subolivaceus, Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma viride) which were grown on different parts of plants (A. nilotica leaves; green tea leaves, green pepper fruits and pomegranate fruits), and the results indicated that the most active metabolite for the growth of L. termis seeds was the fungal metabolite of A. subolivaceus growing on A. nilotica. More specifically, we assess how metabolites produced by Aspergillus subolivaceus using A. nilotica leaves affect the biochemical properties and chemical composition of L. termis seeds. A. subolivaceus was grown on leaves from A. nilotica to obtain metabolites and fractionated into four extracts. Two concentrations of each extract were examined by pretreating the seeds of L. termis. The study found that all four extracts contributed to an increase in yield and some biochemical properties of the yielded seeds. The best results were obtained by treating the L. termis seeds with an extract obtained from diethyl ether, which led to a significant increase in total nitrogen, amino nitrogen, glucose and protein contents of the seeds. According to 1H NMR guided GC/MS analysis, our results showed an increase in phytochemicals such as terpenes, fatty materials, and flavonoids including 3′,4′,7-trimethoxyquercetin and 4-methyl-p-menth-8-en-3-one, which have not been stated before from A. nilotica suggesting that biotransformation may have occurred due to the presence of A. subolivaceus.

EFFECTS OF SOME ANTIDIABETIC MEDICINAL PLANTS ON PANCREAS AND LIVER OF DIABETIC ALBINO RATS

Background and aim of the study- Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease which affects large number of population all over the world. More than 400 traditional medicinal plants have been recorded for helping in controlling such disease. This study investigated effects of some plants used in Saudi Arabia and some other Arab countries as antidiabetic agents. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty adult male Albino rats were divided into six experimental groups each consist of twenty five rats. The first group was considered as a control group. The rest of groups were affected by induction of experimental diabetes by subcutaneous injection of Alloxan. The second group consisted of diabetic rats without any treatment. The third group was treated by the aqueous extract of mixture contains Foenugreek, Nigella and Termis seeds. The fourth group was treated with the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds, while the fifth group was treated with the aqueous extract of Foenugreek seeds.The sixth one was treated with the aqueous extract of Termis seeds with the administered dose of the plant extracts (100 mg/kg body weight).After four weeks of treatment, different biochemical parameters were performed including estimation of blood sugar level and serum insulin level. Pancreatic and liver samples were obtained and processed for microscopic and quantitative evaluation after staining the prepared sections with both heamatoxylin and eosin as well as a special stain for demonstration of the different pancreatic cells in the Islet of Langerhans. Results: The usage of the mixture or each plant alone corrected the glucose level and insulin level. Microscopically there was definite decrease in the number and diameter of beta pancreatic cells in the diabetic group, while the other pancreatic cells were not affected (alpha and delta cells). The use of medicinal plants in the different groups of this study greatly improved such cellular changes and the level of blood sugar level was corrected. The present results showed that the activity of the mixture was the best when compared with Nigella, Foenugreek and Termis seeds. Conclusions: The water extract of the mixture is the most powerful in amelioration hyperglycemia and most of all damage effects of Alloxan on the liver and texture, hematological parameters, and lipid profile. So it is advised to use the plant mixture as an antidiabetic agent rather than the use of each plant separately. Repeating such study with the use of variable doses may be helpful in better evaluation for the required doses.

ANTIDIABETIC AND HYPERINSULINEMIC EFFECTS OF FENUGREEK AND TERMIS SEEDS AQUEOUS EXTRACTS IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS

To investigate antidiabetic efficacy of Fenugreek (F) and Termis (T) seeds aqueous extracts in streptozotocine induced diabetes in rats. Experimental diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dosage of STZ (50 mg/kg, i.p.). Adult male rats were divided into five groups; (1) normal control, (2) diabetic control, (3) diabetic-F supplement (1 g/kg b. wt.), (4) diabetic-T supplement (1 g/kg b. wt.) and (5) diabetic- mixture (M) supplement (1 g/kg b. wt.) of each seed extracts concurrently for 30 days. The decreased insulin, plasma GSH, GST, CAT, as well as liver and muscle glycogen content and increased serum glucose, total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, creatinine, urea, uric acid, AST, ALT, and ALP were the salient features recorded in diabetic control rats. This study showed that the regular intake of the T. foenum graecum, L. albus seeds water extract and their mixture can improve antioxidant status and considered as an effective agent in modulating the alterations due to diabetes.

Effects of fenugreek, Nigella, and termis seeds in nonalcoholic fatty liver in obese diabetic albino rats

Background and study aimNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs in approximately 80% of cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigated the effects of some plants used in Saudi Arabia as antidiabetic agents on T2DM and associated fatty liver. Materials and methodsA total of 150 adult male albino rats were divided into six experimental groups, each consisting of 25 rats. Twenty-five rats were considered as the control group. Experimental diabetes was induced in the remaining rats by administering a subcutaneous injection of 120mg/kg of freshly prepared alloxan solution; these rats were classified into five groups: one group did not receive any treatment; the second group was treated with an aqueous extract of a mixture containing fenugreek, Nigella, and termis seeds; the third group was treated with an aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds; the fourth group was treated with an aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds; and finally the fifth group was treated with an aqueous extract of termis seeds at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight. After 4weeks of treatment, biochemical parameters were calculated, including blood sugar and serum insulin levels. Pancreatic and liver samples were obtained and processed for microscopic evaluation. ResultsThe usage of each plant alone or a mixture of the plants corrected the glucose and insulin levels. Microscopically, a definite improvement in the number and diameter of β-cells in the diabetic group was observed. Furthermore, considerable improvement in fatty changes occurring in the liver of experimental animals was observed. The activity of the mixture was the most effective. ConclusionsThe aqueous extract of the seed mixture of the used plants appeared to be a useful agent in improving fatty changes in the liver texture associated with T2DM by reducing hyperglycaemia through an increase in insulin levels, regeneration of β-cells of the pancreas, and an amelioration of associated dyslipidemia.

The Effect of Lupinus Albus and Hyphaene the Baica on Chromosomal Aberrations and Histopathological Changes of Liver and Pancreas in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: The folk medicine in Egypt has described several kinds of Egyptian herbs and plant prescriptions, belonging to various families to be concerned with the treatment of diabetes mellitus.The present study focuses on evaluating the chromosomal aberration in somatic cells of STZ-diabetic rats treated with Lupinus albus (termis) and Hyphaene thebaica (doum) as well as their effect on liver and pancreas histopathology. Material and methods: STZ was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 50 mg/kg to induce diabetes. Termis seeds suspension (75 mg/100 g b.wt.) was daily orally administered, doum fruit suspension was daily orally administered (1g/kg b.wt.) and also gliclazide, reference drug, was administered at a dose equivalent to the therapeutic dose of rat. After four weeks of administration, bone-marrow metaphases were prepared for examining chromosomal aberration. These were followed by statistical analysis. Liver and pancreas were dissected, processed and stained with H&E for investigating histopathological changes. Results: The results of chromosomal analysis showed that, diabetic rats had a highly significant increase of chromosomal aberrations compared to that of normal healthy control. Animals which were treated with Lupinus albus and Hyphaene thebaica showed significant improvements in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations. Also, treatment of diabetic rats with termis and doum revealed marked improvement in liver and pancreas histopathology. Conclusion: It is concluded that diabetes is much harmful on the histological picture of liver and pancreas and on chromosomal aberration frequencies in the animal body, whilst the administration of termis or doum reduced these harmful effects of diabetes.

The Effect of Lupinus Albus ( Termis ) and Hyphaene Thebaica ( Doum ) on some Biochemical Parameters in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Several plants have been used as dietary adjuvant and in treating the number of diseases because of their perceived effectiveness, minimal side effects in clinical experience and relatively low costs.The present study focuses on evaluating the effect of Lupinus albus (termis) and Hyphaene thebaica (doum) on STZ-diabetic rats at the level of some biochemical parameters Material and methods: STZ was injected intraperitoneally at a single dose of 50 mg/kg to induce diabetes. Termis seeds suspension (75 mg/100 g b.wt.) was daily orally administered. Doum palm fruit suspension was daily orally administered (1g/kg b.wt.) and also gliclazide (reference drug) was administered of a dose equivalent to the therapeutic dose of rat. After four weeks of administration, blood samples were collected for biochemical measurement. Results: Blood glucose level was significantly increased. Diabetes increased serum total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL but serum HDL wasdecreased. Also activities of serum enzymes ASAT, ALAT, ALP, GGT and LDH were elevated. However, L. albus and H. thebaica improved the level of mostly all biochemical parameters. Conclusion: It is concluded that termis and doum may be dietary adjuvant in reducing the harmful of diabetes.

Cardiometabolic Protective Effects of Some Medicinal Plants in Diabetic Albino Rats

Background and aim of the study: DM represents an important independent risk factor for the development of and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), increasing the risk by 2 to 4 times. According to WHO data, more than 75% of patients with DM die due to vascular accidents. This study investigated the effects of some plants used in Saudi Arabia and some other Arab countries as antidiabetic agents and explores its metabolic effects. Material and Methods: One hundred fifty adult male Albino Rats were divided into six experimental groups each consist of twenty five rats. The first group was considered as a control group. The rest of groups were affected by induction of experimental diabetes by subcutaneous injection of Alloxan. The second group consisted of diabetic rats without any treatment. The third group was treated by the aqueous extract of mixture contains Foenugreek, Nigella sativa and Termis seeds. The fourth group was treated with the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds (100 mg / kg of body weight), while the fifth group was treated with the aqueous extract of Foenugreek seeds (100 mg / kg of body weight). The sixth one was treated with the aqueous extract of Termis seeds (100 mg/kg body weight). After four weeks of treatment, different biochemical parameters were performed including estimation of blood sugar level and serum insulin level. Pancreatic and liver samples were obtained and processed for microscopic and quantitative evaluation after staining the prepared sections with both Heamatoxylin and Eosin as well as special stain for demonstration of the different pancreatic cells in the Islet of the Langerhans. Results: The usage of the mixture or each plant alone corrected the glucose level and insulin level. Microscopically there was definite decrease in the number and diameter of beta pancreatic cells in the diabetic group while the other pancreatic cells were not affected (alpha and delta cells). The use of medicinal plants in the different groups of this study greatly improved such cellular changes and the level of blood sugar level was corrected. Also, improve dyslipidemia present in diabetic rats. The results showed that the activity of the mixture was better when compared with Nigella, Foenugreek or Termis seeds alone. Conclusions: The water extract of the mixture is the most powerful in amelioration hyperglycemia and most of all damage effects of Alloxan on hematological parameters and lipid profile. Also, it can control most of the metabolic risk factors of CAD in diabetic rats. So it is advised to use the plant mixture as an antidiabetic agent rather than the use of each plant separately. Repeating such study with the use of variable doses may be helpful in better evaluation for the required dose.

Studies on some Egyptian foods. Part 2: The effect of protein on blood constituents of rats.

This study was undertaken to study the changes of the blood constituents of rats fed different proteins (lupinus termis, Guiza 1, 2 and balady; fenugreek seeds, raw, roasted, and germinated). The total serum protein for animals fed casein was slightly higher than those fed other proteins. Total serum protein of animals fed lupinus termis, roasted and germinated fenugreek was higher than those fed raw seeds. The albumin/globulin ratios showed a similar trend. The ratio of nonessential to essential free serum amino acids of rats fed non-protein diet was higher than those fed protein. Lupinus termis and fenugreek seeds are good sources of protein. Treatment of seeds either by heat of germination improves the nutritive value of the proteins.

A study on sterols and vitamins of Lupinus termis seeds

Lupinus termis seeds contain appreciable amounts of lipids and sterols. The lipid and sterol contents varied with the variety of seeds and the extracting agent. Cholesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol have been shown to be the main sterol compounds of the seeds. The presence of vitamin A, B1 and C inL. termis seeds has also been demonstrated. In Egypt,Lupinus termis seeds are mainly used for edible purpose. In a preceding paper (Abdel-Fattah et al. 1973) we reported on some constituents of these seeds, including carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids. For a further evaluation ofL. termis seeds we now report on their sterols and vitamins.

Investigations on some constituents of Lupinus termis seeds

An investigation of the composition of two varieties ofLupinus termis seeds showed the presence of proteins, free amino acids, lipids, lignin, polysaccharides and mannitol. The polysaccharide materials (27.47 – 34.33%) consisted of starch, combined galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose. Combined galactose and rhamnose comprised the major components of polysaccharide materials. Protein's constituted 46.11 – 50.57% ofL. termis seeds. The amino acid composition of the seeds as well as those of the proteins isolated with different agents were determined. The amino acid patterns of free and combined amino acids varied according to the extracting agent.

Food plants as a possible factor in fertility control

The oestrogenic activity ofGlycyrrhiza glabra extract,Pimpinella anisum oil, Pomegranate seed oil,Trifolium alexandrinum and Palm kernel extracts has been studied on mouse and rat vagina and on uterine development of mice or rabbits. The activity has also been compared with that of the natural oestrogen, oestradiol. Moreover, the relationship between the natural hormones and phytoestrogens in these vegetable food stuffs has also been demonstrated. The doses of these substances producing this effect which corresponded to that of 0.1 µg of oestradiol were: 50 mg, 0.2 ml, 0.4 ml, 200 mg and 200 mg respectively. The oxytoxic effect of various foods has also been tested on the motility of the uterus at various stages of the sex cycle.Portulaca, cucumber and clover intensified the movements of the pregnant uterus to a great extent, Clover, on the other hand, though stimulating the pregnant uterus, inhibited the oestrous and monoestrous uterus.Corchorus olitorius seeds,Lupinus termis seeds,Pisum sativum, Allium cepa, Petroselinum, Zea mays, Cicer arietinum, Allium sativum, Cyperus and Fenugreek increased the motor activity of the uterus at oestrus, nonoestrus and pregnancy. Moreover,Corchorus increased the uterine response to pitocin as it intensified its effect on the uterine movements, in vitro.