Terminology For Communication Research Articles

Terme: De l'entité lexicale à la brique conceptuelle lexico-grammaticale

This contribution in terminology aims at taking into consideration the semantic and func- tional constituents of terms in a cognitive and discursive perspective To this end, Geeraerts' model of cognitive lexicology is used to study and exemplify the dimensions of linguistic signs This discussion opens the door to a modern understanding of linguistic meaning that is provided for a holistic approach by frames, constructions and patterns The observation of in-context-meaning in terminology is necessary in the broader perspective of a specialized discourse analysis based on the qualitative and quantitative investigation of authentic language material from documented interpersonal communication Terminology analysis is as such one of the key steps in an integrated discourse analysis

СТУДІЮВАННЯ ФАХОВОЇ МОВИ В ЛІНГВОДИДАКТИЧНОМУ ТА ВЛАСНЕ ЛІНГВІСТИЧНОМУ АСПЕКТАХ

The article focuses on the process of developing scholarly ideas on professional languages in the linguodidactic and linguistic aspects in the middle of the XXth–early XXIst centuries. Some theoretical definitions of the notion “professional language” and its features are systematized and concretized. It is emphasized that today the issues of studying professional languages are characterized by interdisciplinary orientation, covering applied linguistics, functional stylistics, theory of intercultural communication, linguodidactics, etc. It is noted that in the linguodidactical aspect, the professional language is considered as a subject of professionally oriented learning, and from the point of view of linguistic direction, professional language is viewed as a dynamic component of the national language. It is concluded that the professional language as a functional variety of the national language is a historical category with its own specifics, and in terms of its place in the national language, the professional language is considered as: 1) a general language structure of the national language in the status of an autonomous fragment; 2) an integral part of the national language. The term “academic and professional language” is highlighted, refering to the type of the language used by discursive communities or groups of professionals who share common values and use the same genres and terminology for communication.

Analysis the Role of Media Perspectives on General Communication and Islamic Communication

Research on general communication and Islamic perspective communication Public communication is an issue that is often discussed in human life today, because with communication can move the human condition. With communication, even a community can find out information. Likewise Islamic communication themes are found in the Qur'an. The terminology of communication in al-Qur'an includes, among others: Al-Ittiāşal, al-I’lam, al-Tabshīr, al-Da'wah, al-Bayan, al-Naba, al-Khabar, al-Qaul. This sentence is understood as the basic word of communication which is the basis for making that communication exist in the Qur'an. This research method uses a library research approach and content study. Using intrapersonal communication theory.

The Concept “Mass Media” in the Lithuanian Language: Problems and Searches for the Equivalent

The article deals with the terms of communication science used in the Lithuanian language that specify the means whereby mass communication is carried out. Several different concepts are used in theoretical discourse in Lithuania: the means of mass communication, the media, the mass media (žiniasklaida), media, audiovisual media, and the like. The terms “the mass media” (žiniasklaida) and “the media” (medijos) used in the Lithuanian language are both translated into English as “media”, although these are different words and do not always mean identical things. The Lithuanian compound word (term) žiniasklaida is made of two independent words, žinios (news) and sklaida/skleidimas (dissemination). The Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language defines the word žiniasklaida as measures of periodical information – the press, radio, and television. In fact, when we speak about the radio, television, and printed newspapers in general terms, we often use this particular word of Lithuanian origin – žiniasklaida. Conceptual terms defining the means of communication discussed in the article have peculiar aspects and notional etymological nuances. These rather different terms entered the common usage at the end of the twentieth century and have been used ever since, that is, they are still used in the theoretical literature of communication sciences and in the public discourse of Lithuania of the early twenty-first century. The internationally and globally established scientific concepts “the mass media” and “the media” used to be translated into the Lithuanian language differently and therefore they were treated ambiguously, at times not accurately enough, and deviated from the postulates of the general communication theory. Lithuanian researchers who use the terms discussed in the present article were noticed to have had the universal concept of the mass communication theory, “the mass media”, in mind. The author also addresses the differentiated usage of different terms mentioned in the article in the Lithuanian language and different notional fields that they create. This is discussed when these terms are used synonymically and when they do not refer to identical things. In recent years, attempts to dissociate from the term žiniasklaida became noticeable in the works of Lithuanian researchers (Laima Nevickaitė, Žygintas Pečiulis). The semantic field of this term does not encompass all the existing means of communication as, for example, the terms “media” (medijos) or “the means of mass communication” can do, and this points to the conclusion that the Lithuanian neologism žiniasklaida should be avoided in research texts when we have the concept “the mass media” in mind. It is particularly pertinent in those cases when we refer to the overall communication process encompassing all possible means of communication and all possible effects on the perception of the audience, as well as the audience’s responses to the world we live in. The question of whether the term žiniasklaida could be used to define the conformity of the term “the mainstream media” should be discussed in future studies into the terminology of communication and information science. The author of the article proposes recommendations for correcting both the headline of the article Žiniasklaida in the Lithuanian version of the free online encyclopaedia Wikipedia and its content, whose current references to other languages are as follows: English – mass media, Russian – Sredstva massovoi informatsii (Средства массовой информации), German – Massenmedien, and so on. This would remove the discrepancy between the headlines and the content of encyclopaedic texts. Finally, due to the pluralistic and liberal usage of the terms “the mass media” and “the media”, which is becoming more and more firmly established, this analysis of these terms is relevant and useful in further developing a purposeful discourse of communication and information science and its popularisation.

Soil health—useful terminology for communication or meaningless concept? Or both?

What is soil health? It is not essential to have a degree in soil science in order to have a valid opinion on this. In a very general sense, almost everybody has some impression of what is meant by a healthy soil, especially anyone who has done any gardening or even looked after a potted plant on a windowsill. They will probably say it should have a beautiful crumbly structure, should hold water but not become waterlogged, and be teeming with life; provided that life does not include insects or pathogens that damage the plants. In a somewhat analogous way, the word “wellbeing” is used concerning the way individual humans feel about themselves and we will all have our own ideas on what contributes to our personal wellbeing. It is likely to include being in good physical and mental health, being adequately fed and being housed. However, social scientists have taken the idea further, developing indicators of wellbeing and even using these to compare the state of wellbeing in different countries and assess the impact of policies on the way people feel. Some may consider that this is taking the “wellbeing” concept too far. With soil health, perhaps soil scientists make it too complicated. However, although anyone may have a general idea of what makes a healthy soil, if the term is to be used in anything other than general informal conversation, we do need to “dig a little deeper”, if readers will excuse the pun.

Digital Contemporary Challenges for Teaching Arabic Language

Background/Objectives: This article shed the light on the main challenges that face teaching Arabic language. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The author created solutions as a remedy for the current crisis in the language, especially in the age of globalization using 17 previous researches as a reference. Findings: Linguistics for now is still limited to its students and many educated people have no knowledge of the language sciences, rules and origins. The writings of the linguists also appeared to read and understood. The most linguists are interested in studying the methods of some poets and ancient writers and focuses on their influence on the language in ancient times. And with no objection to this because we are not of the people in this area and leave the evaluation of specialists, but the first of these study the linguistic heritage and the dismantling of its coffers commensurate with the requirements of modern times. And access to modern linguistic studies as well. One of the solutions is Re-attention to the teacher, rehabilitation and respect and improve economic conditions to change the entrenched in the minds of parents and the community from the image and then accept the superiority of this profession articulated and the basis in the construction of communities and the development of languages. Improvements/Applications: The heads of the language were only able to raise slogans against evolution and attempts to improve the language and did not provide the men of various sciences to satisfy their desires and speed with the rate of discoveries and inventions. The networks of communication terminology and information serving the language will yield its fruit if it combines with the Arabic language to accommodate all the terms. Keywords: Access and Information Technology, Arabic Language, Civilization, Digital Era, Heritage, Linguistics

Scope, Themes, and Medical Accuracy of eHealth Peripheral Artery Disease Community Forums

The availability of electronic health (eHealth) information and disease-related community forums has grown over the last decade. Although patients and families frequently use these resources, their content has not been characterized in terms users, content, or reliability of information. eHealth communities therefore represent a potentially valuable but uncharted source of information about key patient issues, communication terminology, and unmet needs. We hypothesized that eHealth forums would contain terminology, themes, and advice inconsistent with resources from medical providers and references. To test this hypothesis, we performed a qualitative analysis of posts and responses from an open-access peripheral artery disease (PAD) eHealth community forum to characterize the discussion, participants, and the information being exchanged. Posts were collected from an online PAD Medical Support Community forum (MedHelp), which is open access, does not require participants to identify themselves, and is based in the United States. Posts were selected from threads in which the main topic was PAD, including diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment. Original posts and related responses were analyzed for thematic content, common vernacular, and self-reported characteristics of the participants using a qualitative analysis software program. Disease-specific comments and advice were evaluated for congruence with contemporary PAD treatment guidelines. A total of 103 posts were collected and analyzed, including 40 original posts and 63 responses. Forty-five percent of the original posts and 19% of the responses were authored by participants who self-identified as patients with PAD. The remaining posts were authored by people with undeclared relationships to patients with PAD, followed by children, spouses, and other relatives. The most common themes among original posts included PAD diagnosis (and differential) (25%), treatment (23%), epidemiology and pathophysiology (21%), disease symptoms and impacts on activities of daily living (15%), and health-care provider recommendations (13%). Themes of responses included medical advice (40.5%), personal experiences with PAD (32.8%), and social support (12.6%). Negative attitudes were identified in 10 of 18 (55.6%) posts related to experiences with health-care providers. Of all medical advice, 15.1% was inconsistent with clinical treatment guidelines. eHealth communities are a rich source of information related to the experiences of patients with PAD, their treatment preferences, questions they consider important, and terminology that they use. This information can be used to understand unmet patient needs, develop educational resources, and improve communication.

Dispute about Public Relations - Between Social and Marketing Communication

Abstract Ever since the Kotler’s promotion-mix concept based on the most traditional model of four pillars - advertising, public relations, sales promotion and direct sales has become commonly known, PR has been treated as one of many, typically marketing, impact tools. This perception is particularly characteristic for the science of marketing management and publication. Meanwhile, it is often forgotten that public relations is the management of communication, which may be used in marketing communication, however it is a much broader meaningful concept, giving greater perspectives of use. This article refers to defining a place of public relations between two asymmetric areas of communication - social and marketing one. Basing on literature analysis, the authors define key factors differentiating both perspectives, they also evaluate the proposals for introducing new concepts into the media and communication terminology, indicating the distinctiveness of both conceptual categories.

Terminology of Communication in English, Arabic, German, and French. A Multilingual Dictionary of Terms for Concepts and Applications of Communication in the Professions and Scholarly and Academic Disciplines

This work contains in multiple sections the terminology of the field communication in English, Arabic, German, and French in the form of a multilingual dictionary. According to the field of professional areas and the humanities, the dictionary presents in alphabetic order main terms for concepts and applications of communication used in the contemporary professions and scholarly and academic disciplines.

Terminology of Communication in Cross-Cultural Translation Processes and the Concept of Translatioo ((Metaphorr) for the Figuration of Speech. Studies in the Aristotelian Terms of the Rhetorica in Greek, English, German, French, and Arabic

This is a study of cross-cultural translation processes of the specific terminology of communication in the field of rhetoric and the concept of 'translatio’ (‘metaphore’), which ancient rhetoricians developed, for the figuration of speech in figures. The source is the text of the Aristotelian terms of the Rhetorica in the original Greek text, English, German, French, and Arabic.

English-Chinese translation of financial terminology in Mainland China and Hong Kong

The main purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the English-Chinese translated financial terms of Mainland China and Hong Kong in light of the necessary criteria for special communication terminology, and explore the feasibility of standardisation. Some distinctive linguistic properties and translation methods of the two regions’ Chinese financial terminology will be illustrated based on data from an industry glossary and major bank annual reports. The present situation is that Mainland China and Hong Kong display both similarities and differences in their Chinese translation of financial terms. With the increasing contact since the 1997 handover, the two regions appear to have been influencing each other, especially in that Mainland China has been adopting Hong Kong’s Chinese translations. In view of the fact that some translation scholars and practitioners advocate the standardisation of Chinese financial terminology in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan for the sake of better economic development, this paper outlines the main properties of the two regions’ terminologies and evaluates how such standardisation might possibly proceed. Limited research has been done with regard to the translation of Chinese financial terminology and this exploratory study will fill that gap and attract similar studies in the translation and terminology fields.

유헬스 표준용어 및 용어 표준화 가이드라인 개발

유헬스 산업 활성화를 위해서 유헬스와 관련된 용어의 이해를 돕고, 의사소통을 증진시키기 위한 유헬스 표준용어를 개발할 필요가 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 유헬스 표준용어를 개발하고, 이를 위한 용어 표준화 절차에 대한 지침을 제시하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 유헬스 관한 보고서, 용어집 및 정보통신기술협회 표준을 대상으로 자료수집, 용어추출, 용어정제, 용어선정 및 용어관리 절차를 통해 최종 187개의 유헬스 표준용어를 개발하였다. 연구결과, 국내 실정에 부합하는 유헬스 용어 표준화를 위한 지침을 제시하였으며, 이는 유헬스 표준용어의 정의, 분류, 구성요소, 절차에 따른 방법 및 원칙에 대한 상세한 내용을 포함하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 유헬스 표준용어 및 용어 표준화 가이드라인은 개별 용어 도입 및 관리를 위한 비용을 절감하고, 정보교환을 용이하도록 도움으로써 유헬스 산업 전반의 효율성을 향상시킬 것이다.

What is the malignancy risk for atypia of undetermined significance? Three years' experience at a university hospital in Turkey.

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) provides uniform diagnostic terminology for communication between pathologists and clinicians. Each diagnostic category is associated with a specific risk of malignancy and a recommendation for its management. The indeterminate diagnostic categories of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) present a major challenge for both pathologists and clinicians. We report our institution's 3 years' experience with the AUS/FLUS category and follow-up of these patients. A retrospective analysis was conducted for all thyroid fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) between July 2010 and July 2013. During this period, 9242 nodules from 4916 patients were reported according to the BSRTC guidelines. We adopted the AUS terminology in our practice to refer to both AUS, and FLUS. Of the 4916 patients, 347 (7%) were diagnosed as AUS. The malignancy risk for patients who underwent surgical resection after initial diagnosis of AUS was 22.8%, whereas that for patients who underwent a second FNA and surgical resection was 36%. When we included patients with second FNA and without surgery, the malignancy risk was 15.7%. The malignancy risk for AUS reported in the present study is consistent with those reported previously and is higher than those anticipated according to the Bethesda System. This supports that a multimodal approach (clinical, radiologic, and cytopathologic) is necessary for the management of thyroid nodules diagnosed as AUS. Therefore, we suggest that the recommendation for repeat FNA following an initial diagnosis of AUS should be based on a multimodal approach for each particular patient.

Towards consistent data characterization in material flow analysis

The material consumption of societies can be balanced in national resource budgets (NRB). A NRB is the application of Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to defined regions, such as nations (see, for example, the paper by Buchner et al. [1]). NRB can support decision-making in resource management in national policies and businesses, i.e. regarding security of resource supply, security of waste disposal, and design of recycling strategies. To a vast degree, the precision of NRB is dependent on the available information base. Most often, this information base consists of cross-disciplinary data, that is, unstructured data from various disciplines that come in different forms and from heterogeneous sources such as official trade statistics, scientific findings and consumer behavior studies. Until now, there is no common understanding about data and information in MFA. In this study we regard data and information from the perspective of a material flow analyst and propose (i) a terminology for communication about MFA input data; and (ii) a database analysis concept to describe and structure MFA databases. This MFA data concept is illustrated in a case study of a national Aluminium budget. The findings indicate that meta-information can help to structure MFA databases, and can contribute to improved system understanding. This study intends to promote the transparent documentation and precise communication of MFA input data and can be the foundation for better data interpretation and comprehensive MFA data quality assessment.

How long is enough? Defining the treatment length in endovascular brachytherapy.

The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurement (IRCU) 50 has clearly defined treatment volumes in radiation therapy in the management of neoplasms. These concepts are applied to the field of endovascular brachytherapy (EVBT) for the prevention of postangioplasty restenosis. The following definitions are proposed: gross target length (GTL) is defined as the narrowed segment of the artery that requires intervention. Clinical target length (CTL) is defined as the intervened or injured length, which could be due to angioplasty, stent strut injury, stent deployment, or debulking procedures. Planning target length (PTL) is the CTL plus a margin to account for heart/catheter movement and uncertainty in target localization. The final treatment length (TL) is the PTL plus the effect of penumbra. The accurate specification of treatment length serves several important purposes. Based on an understanding of the different factors constituting the treatment length, adequate margins can be provided beyond the GTL; this will avoid geographic misses and minimize edge failures. These definitions of target length ensure treatment consistency and provide a standard terminology for communication among practitioners of EVBT, something of critical importance in the conduct of multi-institutional trials in this new and multidisciplinary therapy. Finally, since the efficacy of EVBT is critically dependent on the precision of radiation delivery, these guidelines ensure that the benefits of EVBT seen in prospective randomized trials can be translated into daily clinical practice at the community level.

An interdisciplinary approach to standardizing thickened liquids in a group of skilled nursing facilities

The increased requirement of thickened liquids for dysphagia patients at the Guardian Foundation, a group of skilled nursing facilities in Northern California, provided many challenges for the Sodexho USA contract food service management team. These included disagreements among therapists as to what constituted appropriate consistencies; lack of universal terminology for communication between physicians, nursing and dietary; extra preparation time required by production staff; uniform consistency, lumping and separation; and increased costs. A coordinated effort between dietary, nursing and speech therapy was used to define consistencies, develop clear policies and procedures, and create a universal terminology. The mutually agreed upon descriptive wording for the three consistencies of nectar, honey and pudding aided greatly in the standardization and visualization of the thickened liquid. After evaluating different natural and commercial thickeners, Sodexho selected and went into partnership with Sandoz Nutrition Corporation to develop a complete dysphagia program including liquids and formed puree foods. This relationship proved beneficial by providing discounts for volume purchasing, enlisting vendor support for inservicing on product preparation, and ensuring a consistent result in all facilities. Explicit training materials were developed and utilized in extensive on-site training of individual facility dietary, therapy and nursing staff along with physicians and family members to create a mutual understanding by all parties involved with the resident's care. The interdisciplinary resolution to the problems created by thickened liquids now provides a quality product that improves resident acceptance leading to better hydration and quality of life.

Impairments and Disabilities in Hand Therapy: The Necessity of a Uniform Terminology for Communication and Research Purposes

Uniformity in the use of professional language is very important in the field of medicine. Impairments and disabilities are terms that are often used interchangeably. To health professionals analyzing a patient's health problem, formulating treatment goals, or writing questionnaires and protocols, the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH) offers a conceptual framework that has a great potential to remedy improper use of terms and that can enhance communication. The purpose of this article is twofold: (1) to familiarize the hand therapist with the ICIDH and (2) to present some proposals for a revision of the ICIDH that will make the classification structurally more practical and thereby will facilitate its use.