Terminal System Research Articles

Connectivity Analysis of Non-Container Ports at PT Pelindo Multi Terminal Using SNA and GIS / Connectivity Analysis of Non-Container Ports at PT Pelindo Multi Terminal Using SNA and GIS

This study aims to analyze the connectivity of non-containerized ports, particularly in the sub-commodity of vegetable/animal oils and fats, within the operational area of PT Pelindo Multi Terminal. Using Social Network Analysis (SNA) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, this study builds a network based on nodes (ports) and assesses inter-node connections with metrics such as degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and hub index. Gephi application was used for the calculation of network metrics, while QGIS visualized the shipping routes. The research revealed that high traffic ports such as Belawan, Dumai, and Tanjung Priok play a crucial role in the network. The findings support recommendations for infrastructure development and implementation of an integrated Terminal Operations System (TOS) to improve logistics efficiency.

Mapping the heterogeneous removal landscape of wastewater virome in effluents of different advanced wastewater treatment systems of swine farm

In advanced wastewater treatment plants on pig farms, meticulous design aims to eliminate intrinsic pollutants such as organic matter, heavy metals, and biological contaminants. In our field survey across Southern China, a notable disparity in wastewater treatment procedures among various farming facilities lies in the utilization of terminal chemical oxidation post-sedimentation tank. However, recent focus in wastewater surveillance has predominantly centered on antibiotic resistance genes, leaving the efficacy of virus removal in different effluent systems largely unexplored. To profile virus composition at the effluent, assess the virus elimination efficiency of chemical oxidation at the effluent end, and the potential environmental driver of virus abundance, we deployed a meta-transcriptomics approach to first determine the total virome in effluent specimens of terminal clean water tank system (CWT) and terminal chemical oxidation system (TCO) in Southern China pig farms, respectively. From these data, 172 viruses were identified, with a median reads per million (RPM) of 27,789 in CWT and 19,982 in TCO. Through the integration of analyses encompassing the co-occurrence patterns within viral communities, the ecology of viral diversity, and a comparative assessment of average variation degrees, we have empirically demonstrated that the procedure of TCO may perturb viral communities and diminish their abundance, particularly impacting RNA viral communities. However, despite the diminished abundance, pathogenic viruses such as PEDV and PRRSV persisted in the effluent following chemical deoxidation at a moderate RPM value, indicating a substantial in situ presence at effluent. Our environmental driver modeling, employing GLM and mantel tests, substantiated the intricate nature of virus community variation within the effluent, influenced heterogeneously by diverse factors. Notably, pond temperature emerged as the foremost determinant, while fishing farming exhibited a positive correlation with virus diversity (p < 0.05). This revelation of the cryptic persistence of virus communities in wastewater effluent expands our understanding of the varied responses of different virus categories to oxidation. Such insights transcend mere virus characterization, offering valuable implications for enhancing biosafety measures in farming practices and informing wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance.

Improved Sliding Mode Model Reference Adaptive System Observer

In order to improve the accuracy and stability of sensorless control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor, considering the influence of external load torque on system performance, the symbol function of sliding mode control system of vehicle-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor is prone to chattering and the robustness of traditional PI control is insufficient. In this paper, a method of combining Non-singular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode (NFTSM) and Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) is proposed. A Non-singular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (NFTSMC) is designed. A control strategy combining NFTSMC and Model Reference Adaptive System Observer (MRASO) (NFTSMC-MRASO) converts the observed torque value into torque current feedforward compensation to the current loop input. The large sliding mode gain is avoided, and the chattering problem of the system is overcome when the external disturbance is suddenly added. At the same time, the robustness of the system is improved under the premise of suppressing the chattering.

Comparative analysis of radiant air-conditioning systems combined with two different types of solar-powered dehumidification methods

Abstract This paper proposes a solar liquid desiccant radiation air-conditioning system(SLDRS) and a solar desiccant wheel radiant air-conditioning system(SDWRS) that combine with a phase change energy storage radiation terminal, solar energy, and heat pump system. The models of the two systems are simulated with the transient system tool (TRNSYS) to compare the refrigeration and dehumidification effects and energy saving of the two systems. The results show that the total refrigeration capacity of the SLDRS is reduced by 20.45% compared with the solar desiccant wheel radiation air-conditioning system, the monthly average dehumidification capacity is increased by 37.09%, and the total energy consumption is reduced by 712.9 KW·h. It is evident that the cooling and dehumidifying effect and energy efficiency of the SLDRS are superior to those of the SDWRS.

Structural architecture and metamorphism of the Mayombe Chain and Niari Basin (West Congo Belt) in Congo Brazzaville

Geological mapping of the Mayombe Chain and Niari Basin of Congo Brazzaville allows for the first time defining the structural architecture and metamorphism of the West Congo Belt. Four different tectono-metamorphic domains, separated by crustal-scale shear zones, are now distinguished (Niari Basin (NB), Eastern (EMC), Central (CMC) and Western (WMC) Mayombe Chain).The NB is marked by only weak regional deformation under middle to upper diagenetic conditions. It is delimited in the west from the EMC by the Mount Belo Shear Zone forming the terminal thrust system of the West Congo orogen.The tectonic style in the EMC is characterized by discrete, widely-spaced low-angle thrusts, reverse faults and strike-slip faults resulting in the formation of duplex and/or positive flower structures. Off these high-strain zones, the rocks are folded into gentle syn- and anticlines. Penetrative schistosity starts in shales in the western part. The metamorphism increases from eastern anchizonal conditions to lower greenschist facies in the west. The EMC is juxtaposed along the Moukondo thrust/back-thrust system with the CMC.The CMC is typified by open to closed upright to NE-verging folds, S1 schistosity with moderate to steep SW dips, onset of regional crenulation cleavage (S2), frequent reverse thrusts and numerous faults. Metamorphic conditions remain in the greenschist facies. The Loukenéné-Mandji Thrust marks the CMC-WMC contact and coincides with a jump in metamorphic grade marked by biotite-in.The WMC consists of Palaeoproterozoic basement stacked with Neoproterozoic rocks. Autochthonous Palaeoproterozoic gneiss and schist record Late Eburnean sedimentation, magmatism and metamorphism between 2110 and 1970 Ma, which are compared with the Eburnean history in Gabon and the Transamazonian orogeny in Brazil. The allochthonous Bikossi Group was thrust during the Pan-African event from the west over Tonian metavolcaniclastic and plutonic rocks before further folding and stacking of both units. The intensity of Pan-African deformation increases from open to closed folds with spaced cleavage in the southeast of the WMC to thrust-dominated tectonics in the northwest, where the Palaeo- and Neoproterozoic rocks are transposed into parallelism with the pronounced schistosity.Geochronology of illite and muscovite documents two Pan-African events at 590-570 Ma (M1) and at 520-500 Ma (M2) that are related to the main collisional and late thermal events in the Araçuai-Ribeira Belt in Brazil. Metamorphic isogrades shifted from M1 to M2 for more than 30 km to the west. Detrital mica and metamorphic illite of the Mpioka Group record M1 and M2, respectively constraining sedimentary deposition between 570 and 520 Ma, which implies the interpretation of the group as molasse of the West Congo Belt.

Co-optimization of the operation and energy for AGVs considering battery-swapping in automated container terminals

Since the number of containers in automated container terminals (ACTs) has been growing, the operation of ACT relies on a large amount of electric power, which comes from the terminal energy system. As the main horizontal transportation equipment in ACTs, the scheduling of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) has become increasingly important. Even though AGV scheduling has been studied, the battery-swapping procedure is often overlooked, which hinders operation efficiency and the usage of renewable energy. We propose a co-optimization problem of the operation and energy for AGVs considering battery-swapping in this paper. A multi-objective model is constructed to minimize the makespan of AGVs and the operation and maintenance cost of energy system. In addition, we create a discrete multi-objective whale optimization algorithm to address this co-optimization problem. A load-balancing-based method for population initialization is developed to make the distribution of solutions more uniform in this algorithm. With the two-dimensional matrix encoding scheme, an individual right-shifted method is proposed for decoding. The best solution is assessed and selected through a fitness evaluation mechanism based on fuzzy correlation entropy. The bubble-net attack based on opposition-based learning is implemented to enhance the capacity for local intensification. Numerous tests confirm that the proposed method can guarantee the operation efficiency, lower the total cost of the energy system, and promote sustainable development in ACTs.

Research of models and methods for practical implementation of unmanned transport systems for marine passenger terminals

Research of models and methods for practical implementation of unmanned transport systems for marine passenger terminals

Construction of a Full-Process Nursing Service Platform for Day Surgery Patients Based on Kano Model.

This study was based on the Kano model and rely on the Internet hospital to build a day surgery patient full-process nursing service platform. Based on the Internet hospital's HIS system, nursing Yuanzhuo system, patient mobile terminal (WeChat) and other information systems. The platform was designed by following the WHO's conceptual framework for developing a scaling-up strategy. It was tested and refined by a pilot in a hospital in China. The full-process care platform for day surgery patients realizes information interconnection and interoperability of patient surgical consultation, surgical inquiries, and postoperative follow-up. It consists of a WeChat applet (client) and an online website (server). Pre-experiment results show that patients are more likely to recommend the hospital's day surgery to others. The mHealth-based perioperative full-process nursing service platform for day surgery patients can initially meet the health education needs, surgical consultation needs and follow-up needs of day surgery patients.

Research on the Construction of a Digital Twin System for the Long-Term Service Monitoring of Port Terminals

Structural damage is a prevalent issue in long-term operations of harbor terminals. Addressing the lack of transparency in terminal infrastructure components, the limited integration of sensor monitoring data, and the insufficient support for feedback on service performance, we propose a novel digital twin system construction methodology tailored for the long-term monitoring of port terminals. This study elaborates on the organization and processing of foundational geospatial data, sensor monitoring information, and oceanic hydrometeorological data essential for constructing a digital twin of the terminal. By mapping relationships between physical and virtual spaces, we developed comprehensive dynamic and static models of terminal facilities. Employing a “particle model” approach, we visually represented oceanic and meteorological elements. Additionally, we developed a multi-source heterogeneous data fusion model to facilitate the rapid creation of data indexes for harbor elements under high concurrency conditions, effectively addressing performance issues related to scene-rendering visualization and real-time sensor data storage efficiency. Experimental validation demonstrates that this method enables the rapid construction of digital twin systems for port terminals and supports practical application in business scenarios. Data analysis and comparison confirm the feasibility of the proposed method, providing an effective approach for the long-term monitoring of port terminal operations.

A generic type system for higher-order Ψ-calculi

The Higher-Order Ψ-calculus framework (HOΨ) by Parrow et al. is a generalisation of many first- and higher-order extensions of the π-calculus. In this paper we present a generic type system for HOΨ-calculi. It satisfies a subject reduction property and can be instantiated to yield both existing and new type systems for calculi, that can be expressed as HOΨ-calculi. In this paper, we consider the type system for termination in HOπ by Demangeon et al. Moreover, we derive a new type system for the ρ-calculus of Meredith and Radestock and present a type system for non-interference for mobile code.

A Preliminary Study on the Planning and Construction Path of Zero-carbon Airport:A Case Study of Xiamen Xiang'an Airport

Abstract: As a large-scale airport construction during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, Xiamen Xiang'an Airport aims to become a benchmark of “green airport” and a “zero-carbon airport”. This paper describes the research of Xiamen Xiang'an Airport on the excellent cases of low-carbon airport construction at home and abroad, and clarifies that Xiamen Xiang'an Airport needs to increase the proportion of renewable energy utilization, promote the reform. of airport electrification and strengthen intelligent management in order to achieve a zero-carbon airport. In the planning stage, Xiamen Xiang'an Airport should make a zero-carbon airport planning, improve the low-carbon construction index system, and formulate a carbon neutral path planning. In the design stage, Xiamen Xiang'an Airport promotes the planning and construction of zero-carbon airport: Optimize the airside and landside operation efficiency of the airport, apply the terminal photovoltaic system, water storage system and APU replacement system to achieve low carbon emission reduction, recycle water resource, and minimize the impact on the ecological environment. Finally, through the high-performance maintenance structure, natural lighting and natural ventilation and other passive technologies combined with efficient energy equipment and systems, the goal to build a Three Stars Green Building terminal is achieved. Although there is still a certain distance for Xiamen Xiang'an Airport to become a zero- carbon airport, it is worthwhile to learn from the path of Xiamen Xiang'an Airport of exploring a zerocarbon airport: The construction of zero-carbon airport should be planned and formulate a carbon-neutral path, pay attention to the two aspects of “Renewable energy” and “energy saving”, make greater use of new energy and better use of energy-saving measures, so as to enhance the effect of carbon reduction and enhance the carbon sink capacity of airports to create favorable conditions for the realization of “zero carbon airport”.

Design and Application of Intelligent Control System for Molten Iron Transportation Based on 5G Technology

Molten transport is an important link in the iron and steel enterprise production, involves many complex factors, artificial management is difficult. Therefore, puts forward a kind of molten iron transport wisdom control system based on 5G technology, which mainly contains the intelligent identification tracking system, equipment status collection information acquisition system, locomotive vehicle terminal system, etc. Combined with the analysis of the actual application situation, the system could integrate all the processes and elements of molten iron production and transportation, realize the integration of operation and management, and also promote the improvement of the turnover efficiency of molten iron tank, reduce the demand for personnel, and reduce the labor cost.

The Application of IoT Technology and Deep Learning in Automated Intelligent Control Systems

In order to accurately monitor the environmental information of agricultural greenhouses, achieve remote automatic control, and improve crop yield, the author proposes an application method of Internet of Things technology in automatic intelligent control systems. This method utilizes IoT technologies such as WSN, Android, and cloud platforms to design an intelligent agricultural greenhouse monitoring system, taking sensors such as soil moisture, lighting, temperature and humidity as examples, and using shading, water spraying, fans, and fill lights as control devices. Design from aspects such as system architecture, perception control system, cloud database, and mobile terminal management system to achieve automatic monitoring of agricultural greenhouse environmental information.Experimental results show that: The data collected by the sensor is compared with the actual monitoring data of the instrument, taking temperature as an example, the errors are all within ±0.5◦C of multiple measurements. Conclusion: The system has the advantages of good scalability, convenient networking, and high cost performance, which makes up for the difficulties in wiring and inconvenient use of the traditional agricultural greenhouse monitoring system, and has high practical value.

Study on the Relationship between Port Governance and Terminal Operation System for Smart Port: Japan Case

Background: To improve port productivity, safety, and sustainability, the use of information and communication technology is being promoted as a smart port. The utilization of a terminal operation system (TOS) is important for advanced port operations, and it is necessary to organize the issues and characteristics of the TOS. Methods: The characteristics of TOSs introduced in Japan and those widely introduced in Europe and Southeast Asia will be investigated and discussed according to the port management system in Japan. Results: Japanese TOSs are characterized by a lack of automated functions, such as ship loading plans, and by the fact that they are designed to allow the crane driver to select the order of operations, which may be attributed to a system wherein stakeholders are segmented and on-site decisions are emphasized. The promotion of smart ports in Japanese-style ports requires a system for information linkage between stakeholders. Conclusions: TOS capabilities for smart ports should be implemented according to the characteristics of port management in each region, and the studies conducted in this paper are useful in examining port system implementation strategies.

Research on AFDX network configuration testing technology

The terminal system, as a key part of AFDX network data transmission, determines the communication performance of the entire AFDX network. In order to test the functionality of the verification end system and evaluate the transmission performance of the AFDX network, this article proposes an AFDX network configuration testing method. Firstly, the configuration testing specifications for the end system is designed, an overall framework for end system testing is established; the testing response mechanism of the end system is studied; the testing process is standardized; and generated configuration files are as input information for algorithm design in the following stage. Secondly, incentive data generation algorithms is designed, incentive data generation frameworks is established, the constraints for data transmission are formalized, and incentive data transmission schedules are generated using SMT solvers. Next, an AFDX network configuration testing tool is designed and implemented; the performance from the perspectives of operational stability and response time is evaluated to prove the effectiveness of the tool. Finally, the types and performance of the seven clock function modules in the overlay network configuration are tested, and the experimental results prove the effectiveness of the network configuration testing method.

Antenna Systems for Satellite Communication Terminals

This Roadmap presents the research trends on antenna systems for Satellite Communication terminals. To address the challenges posed by this application in terms of wide fractional bandwidth and large field-of-view, several antenna concepts and architectures are being investigated, which can be grouped in three main technology areas: fully electronic scan, fully mechanical scan with unconventional steering mechanisms and beam switching. Design techniques, current results and future developments are outlined, considering representative examples for each technology area.

A Novel Integrated Switching Strategy for Reliable Starting of Two Terminal MMC HVDC Transmission System

If the initialization protocol of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) system is not adhered to, the primary winding of the system transformer will experience a surge in inrush current, while the secondary winding on the converter side will exhibit significant starting current draw to charge the capacitors of the MMC-H-bridge. This pronounced initial current surge can trigger the activation of protective measures, leading to the disconnection of the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) line and thereby engendering power system reliability and stability concerns. This paper presents a starting methodology for a two-terminal MMC HVDC system. The proposed approach entails employing controlled switching techniques to mitigate inrush currents in the HVDC converter transformer, coupled with the utilization of pre-insertion resistance circuit breakers to diminish starting currents on the converter side. The efficacy of the aforementioned strategy is validated through simulations conducted on a two-terminal MMC HVDC system modeled using PSCAD/EMTDC, with the results confirming its effectiveness.

Research on Portable Intelligent Terminal and APP Application Analysis and Intelligent Monitoring Method of College Students' Health Status

As a carrier of college students' health status monitoring, portable intelligent terminal APP, the study of its APP application analysis not only provides a new way for college students' extracurricular physical exercise, guides college students to actively participate in extracurricular physical activities using intelligent terminal APP software, but also promotes college students' physical health monitoring and enhancement in various aspects. Aiming at the current portable terminal APP college students' health monitoring application analysis method research exists low precision, real-time poor and other problems, through the analysis of the basic functional framework and functional characteristics of the portable intelligent terminal APP, the establishment of the portable intelligent terminal APP analysis index system applied to college students' health monitoring, combined with the heuristic optimisation algorithm and the improvement of deep learning algorithms, the construction of the marine predator based heuristic optimisation algorithm and the attention mechanism to improve the gating control loop. Combining the heuristic optimisation algorithm and the improved deep learning algorithm, we construct the portable intelligent terminal APP application analysis method for college students' health monitoring based on the marine predator heuristic optimisation algorithm and the attention mechanism improved gated recurrent unit neural network. Through simulation analysis, the results show that the proposed method meets the real-time requirements while improving the prediction accuracy of the portable smart terminal APP application analysis method, and significantly improves the efficiency of portable smart terminal APP analysis.

A simulation-based approach for resilience assessment of process system: A case of LNG terminal system

System resilience denotes the capacity to uphold desired system performance in the face of disruptions. Evaluating the resilience of a process system necessitates a thorough consideration of the intricate interplay between its components and the pivotal role of process parameters in reflecting the repercussions of disruptions on the system. This paper introduces an integrated methodology that takes into account component interactions and leverages process data for the resilience assessment of a process system. The proposed methodology comprises four key components: system structure analysis, disruption impacts analysis, process simulation, and resilience assessment. Firstly, the system structure is meticulously scrutinized using a P-graph model. This analysis encompasses the assessment of the significance and interplay of components, as well as the evaluation of how component failures affect the system's overall processes. Secondly, a Markov model is devised to examine the state transition process of components and quantifies the maintenance time needed for failed components. Subsequently, a simulation model is formulated to acquire real-time process parameters in the presence of disruptive events. Finally, the system's performance response function (PRF) is derived from the normalization of these process parameters. Building upon this foundation, a resilience assessment is conducted with a focus on the PRF. To illustrate the effectiveness of this methodology, an LNG terminal system is employed as an exemplar.

A frequency cooperative control strategy for multimicrogrids with EVs based on improved evolutionary-deep reinforcement learning

The construction of microgrid has fully promoted the large-scale access of distributed power and the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs). And microgrid system faces operational issues such as strong random disturbances from distributed power sources and loads, as well as unexpected events during operation. These issues can lead to unstable microgrid frequency, excessive discharge of EVs, and increased control costs. To solve the issues, a frequency cooperative control strategy for multimicrogrids with EVs based on improved evolutionary-deep reinforcement learning (EDRL) is proposed in this paper. First, consider the effect of the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) process on the minimum time required to fully charge an EV, and the impact of the output distribution of micro turbines (MTs) on the regulation cost, and based on the coupling relationship between generator terminal voltage regulation and system frequency control, a multimicrogrid comprehensive control model is constructed. Second, in order to deal with engineering tasks with deceptive rewards and sparse rewards such as integrated frequency control, evolutionary algorithms and deep reinforcement learning algorithms are combined to effectively assist the training process to jump out of local optimal solutions and approach optimal control strategies. Meanwhile, the algorithm is improved based on the novelty search and intelligent partition strategy, so that the strategy has better convergence characteristics and can reduce the cost of information transmission and computational complexity under the premise of ensuring the control effect. Furthermore, the state space, action space and reward function of the controller are defined. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed controller has the ability of coordinated control, can effectively reduce the adjustment cost of MT unit and the unnecessary discharging of EVs while ensuring the frequency regulation requirements of each submicrogrid, which is far superior to PID control, fuzzy control, and traditional deep reinforcement learning control.