Term Smart City Research Articles

Comparative study of high-performance mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic membrane bioreactors in the co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste: Methanogenic performance and energy recovery potential

To support smart cities in terms of waste management and bioenergy recovery, the co-digestion of sewage sludge (SeS) and food waste (FW) was conducted by the anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions in this study. The biogas production rate of the thermophilic AnMBR (ThAnMBR) at the SeS to FW ratio of 0:100, 75:25, 50:50 and 100:0 was 2.84 ± 0.21, 2.51 ± 0.26, 1.54 ± 0.26 and 1.31 ± 0.08 L-biogas/L/d, inconspicuous compared with that of the mesophilic AnMBR (MeAnMBR) at 3.00 ± 0.25, 2.46 ± 0.30, 1.63 ± 0.23 and 1.30 ± 0.17 L-biogas/L/d, respectively. The higher hydrolysis ratio and the poorer rejection efficiencies of the membrane under thermophilic conditions, resulting that the permeate COD, carbohydrate and protein of the ThAnMBR was higher than that of the MeAnMBR. The lost COD that might be converted into biogas was discharged with the permeate in the ThAnMBR, which was partly responsible for the inconspicuous methanogenic performance. Furthermore, the results of energy recovery potential assessment showed that the energy return on investment (EROI) of the MeAnMBR was 4.54, 3.81, 2.69 and 2.22 at the four SeS ratios, which was higher than that of the ThAnMBR at 3.29, 2.97, 2.02 and 1.80, respectively, indicating the advantage of the MeAnMBR over the ThAnMBR in energy recovery potential. The outcomes of this study will help to choose a more favorable temperature to co-digest SeS and FW to support the construction of smart cities.

Assessment of Leica CityMapper-2 LiDAR Data within Milan’s Digital Twin Project

The digital twin is one of the most promising technologies for realizing smart cities in terms of planning and management. For this purpose, Milan, Italy, has started a project to acquire aerial nadir and oblique images and LiDAR and terrestrial mobile mapping data. The Leica CityMapper-2 hybrid sensor has been used for aerial surveys as it can capture precise and high-resolution multiple data (imagery and LiDAR). The surveying activities are completed, and quality checks are in progress. This paper concerns assessing aerial LiDAR data of a significant part of the metropolitan area, particularly evaluating the accuracy, precision, and congruency between strips and the point density estimation. The analysis has been conducted by exploiting a ground control network of GNSS and terrestrial LiDAR measurements created explicitly for this purpose. The vertical component has an accuracy root mean square error (RMSE) of around 5 cm, and a horizontal component of around 12 cm. Meanwhile, the precision RMSE ranges from 2 to 8 cm. These values are suitable for generating products such as DSM/DTM.

Basic Criteria for creating a Smart City

Nowadays, non-smart cities face challenges such as climate change, population increase versus resource depletion, transportation problems and lifestyle changes, while in the model of smart cities, the urban area can cope with most of these challenges. Although the term smart city is not a fixed term and so far it has not been defined, in other words, there is no standard definition for this term. We can say that a smart city is a developed urban area that produces a sustainable economy. Designing and creating an ideal place for people to live by increasing the quality of life through high optimization of both city components (both soft and hard components) with multiple areas; Governance, Economy, People and the Environment, Mobility and the Built Environment. This article clarifies some of the prominent variables facing most cities in terms of the challenges of the natural environment, the built environment, mobility, and social and economic characteristics that slow down the development wheel towards achieving a better life for the population. Most of these problems and challenges can be solved by drawing up a city development policy based on the principles of the smart cities. This article also develops a scientific approach to explain the concept of smart cities, explains the benefits of applying this model to cities, and suggests a new set of the dominant components of smart cities worldwide.

"Theory and Practice of Public Management of Smart Infrastructure in the Conditions of the Digital Society’ Development: Socio-economic Aspects"

"Today, cities represent the leading form of territorial and socio-economic organization of modern society. The formation of a smart city based on smart infrastructure as its core essence is a trend that covers a number of cities on all continents of the planet. Based on the analysis of research in the field of smart infrastructure and its components, and the management of this infrastructure in smart cities, as well as trends in the creation and development of smart cities in terms of socio-economic implications, the conclusion is made about the need for “smart governance” to pay attention to the processes of sociospatial development and taking into account the needs of citizens, in order to avoid the occurrence of bilateral negative effects digital inequality on the one hand and an unjustified increase in public spending on the other hand."

Smart communities in Japan: Requirements and simulation for determining index values

Recently, smart communities are heeded to in Japan as a solution to community issues. To properly evaluate the underlying concept, it is necessary to analyze smart cities in terms of local energy and environmental aspects, as well as disaster resilience. This research aimed to summarize the requirements for Japanese smart communities, and provide this information to municipalities, city planners, and regional developers in warmer climates, or countries where few precedents exist. Nine cases were reviewed in Japan, and four in Europe and the US to organize smart community requirements into three areas: environment, social, and safety-security. Additionally, bottom-up simulations were used to quantitatively evaluate the effects of energy technology introduction, emergency Life Continuity Plans (LCPs), and changes in energy performance owing to household compositional differences. The results showed that a typical Japanese smart community (containing Fuel cell, PV, and battery) has the capacity to become a positive energy district, generating 1916 ​GJ ​yr−1, and maintain power throughout a one-week power outage if shared within the community (save for the highest temperature week in August). Conversely, Japanese smart communities lacked consideration of residential diversity and creative landscapes.

Understanding service connectivity based on digital serendipity: An actor-network approach

The term smart city is an emerging urban concept that provides optimal public services in a city as a hybrid combination of people, technology, and place. However, previous research does not consider various factors and either depends on technology development or studies of human and non-human factors separately. In addition, even if the relationship between human and non-human elements is analyzed, it is difficult to realize the analyzed content as a service for real users. The actor-network theory (ANT), established by Latour, is a theory that provides a deep understanding of the underlying mechanisms of smart cities by illustrating how the networks of human and non-human actors create the weave of unpredictable connections. We call this digital serendipity when it is realized as a service from this network. This study aims to analyze the actor-network, where digital serendipity can occur, and apply it to increase the possibility of service formation. To this end, we collect the location data of users on a campus as a living lab and analyze the network between users and buildings. Further, by applying the results of the analyzed network, we develop a web-based application as an example where digital serendipity can be implemented for voluntary service formation. To verify the service connectivity, we conducted a test utilizing library book rental data.

The Smart City-Line in Saudi Arabia: Issue and Challenges

As a futuristic emblem, smart cities represent a goal to provide all of the services required for a high-quality existence while conserving natural resources to the maximum extent possible. It turns out that the "Line City in Saudi Arabia" is the most famous and modern of these smart cities in terms of preserving 100 percent natural life, owing to the fact that they rely totally on natural energy and do not use any automobiles. The issues and challenges that have been highlighted will assist in the improvement of municipal management. One of the most generally implemented projects in the field of smart cities is the technological and integrative developments of the use of sensors and data collecting in conjunction with rising difficulties aimed at enhancing human well-being and improving human livelihood. This is especially true in Saudi Arabia, where visitors can arrive quickly by just walking through the checkpoints, resulting in a journey of little more than a few minutes to reach any regular destination. It also splits the city into many different levels of the ground, enabling for the conservation of natural excess energy.

Village 4.0: Digitalization of village with smart internet of things technologies

The United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda makes it clear that growth and sustainable management are not confined to cities, but also to those living in rural and villages. In addition, the villages are the heart of every nation, the villages not only support and maintain the geological ecosystem but also have a great impact on the economic and social ecosystem. Currently, digital technologies have had a big influence on smart cities in terms of digitalization, and with the same motivation, these technologies may also help to build the digital and smart village. In this study, we present a detailed discussion of the implementation of smart and digital villages with different new digital technologies. In addition, we also present the possible enhancements in the village with the digitized village concept. From the discussion on the smart village, it is concluded that digitization is only possible if a reliable and robust network and communication infrastructure is installed in the village area.

Involvement of Surveillance Drones in Smart Cities: A Systematic Review

Drones, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), are among the most beneficial and emerging technologies, with a wide range of applications that can support the sustainability concerns of smart cities and ultimately improve citizens’ quality of life. The goals of this systematic review were to explore the involvement of surveillance drones in smart cities in terms of application status, application areas, proposed models, and characteristics of drones. We conducted this systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We systematically searched the Web of Science and Scopus for journal articles and conference papers written in English and published up to August 2021. Of the 323 records identified, 43 met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed that surveillance drones were used in seven distinct research fields (transportation, environment, infrastructure, object or people detection, disaster management, data collection, and other applications). Air pollution and traffic monitoring were the dominant application areas. The majority of reviewed models were based on the application of rotary-wing single-drones with the camera as the aerial sensor. Reviewed models showed that the adoption of a single or multiple UAVs, either as a stand-alone technology or integrated with other technologies (e.g., internet of things, wireless sensor networks, convolutional neural networks, artificial intelligence, machine learning, computer vision, cloud computing, web applications), can offer efficient and sustainable solutions compared to conventional surveillance methods. This review can benefit academic researchers and practitioners.

IGiS FOR MANAGING CITIES SMARTLY – URBAN GEOINFORMATICS

Abstract. A city is a geographic entity and should be efficiently analysed and optimised through the use of geo-spatial technology. The certification for a city to be ‘Smart’ is measured on the basis of the liveable index, adequacy of water supply, assured supply of electricity, proper sanitation and solid waste management, efficient urban mobility, public transport, affordable housing, robust information technology connectivity, transparent and good governance, safety and security of citizens, modernised health and education infrastructure and citizen participation which will lead to sustainable development. Smart Cities require a perfect balancing of modernisation of city infrastructure and leveraging technology. Smart cities require Geo-smart mapping and visualization capabilities with applications for protecting groundwater resources, locating schools and health centres, locating garbage dumps and toilets, designing bus routes. The indigenously developed integrated platform of GIS, Image Processing, Photogrammetry and CAD, called IGiS has been leveraged by Scanpoint Geomatics Limited, Ahmedabad (SGL), India for implementing the Enterprise GIS for 7 smart cities in India. A centralised geo spatial database with a standard data model compliant set of maps/layers has been created for each city. The spatial layers are derived from 30cm resolution satellite data. Point data (locational information) is generated using DGPS surveys. The city assets are geographically mapped at a scale of 1:2000 and organised in a spatial database. Inputs required for operations and maintenance of every utility/facility are geo tagged and stored in the database. Web & Mobile GIS applications & Citizen portal are developed using the indigenous platform. Integration with other e-governance applications and spatial layer requirements of the Integrated Command and Control Centre are supported through RestAPI & OGC compliant web services. SGL’s Mobile GIS framework named Qpad comes handy for spatial data verification. IoT devices are used to gain insights for real-time handling of critical situations or emergencies. Having laid the foundation for driving smart cities in terms of the spatial database at a scale of 1:2000, the stage is set to look forward to the results. Plugging revenue leakages, better traffic management, information at a click during peak of the Corona pandemic, effective usage of open spaces and barren areas, planning the utility requirements by the corporation to accommodate for the urban explosion is the kind of harvest that is anticipated with abated breath. This paper demonstrates the suitability and capability of the indigenously developed common platform for image processing and GIS (IGiS Enterprise Suite) in building Smart City Applications and quantifying the results.

Smart City and its Prototypes: social perceptions (outcomes of social analysis)

The term Smart City (digital city, cybercity, city of knowledge, eco-city) is being increasingly used in the social space and media since the beginning of the twenty-first century. The term implies the comprehensive activities of international organizations (UN, EU, UAE, etc.) and cities to transform the social environment of megacities. In the presence of a significant number of publications related to IT technologies, clarification of the meaning and content of the social characteristics of the new phenomenon requires further research. The pilot-study of the social perceptions of the term Smart City was implemented by means of a content analysis of scientific literature, direct and remote polling of citizens using a random sample method (459 respondents). The respondents on the basis of the semantic differential method (M. Rokeach) have assessed the image of a Smart City, as well as a number of other images associated with its understanding on 16 and 28 scale-scripts, specially developed questionnaires containing also C. Alderfer’s and M. L scher’s tests. The received answers were subjected to the procedure of factorial and correlation analysis separately in each group of respondents. When processing the research results, the SPSS program was used.

SMART CITIES AND THE EUROPEAN VISION

Cities are one of the main factors influencing the economic development and prosperity of societies. Smart cities, fueled by innovation and the Internet of Things, are built on three pillars - improving the residents’ quality of life, business competitiveness, and ensuring a sustainable environment. When applied within the six urban areas: economy, mobility, security, education, living conditions, and environment, cities can much faster make the transition to smart cities. The term smart city is often associated with the desire for accelerated modernization of various spatial and urban social interactions, the term “smart city” often being fuelled by technological developments. Proof of this are the terms used to define the same concept: “digital city”, “e-communities”, “intelligent city”, “e-City”, “wired city”. However, a smart city is called upon to respond to the needs of cities and societies alike to approach challenges in a novel and creative manner. The motivations for transforming existing cities into smart ones are obvious and straightforward. They come on one hand, from the threats of current demographic phenomena (population growth, migration, public health, safety, and living conditions), and also from the opportunities of solutions that can be brought by technological developments and innovation, transformations of generations (new “Digital” generations), and civic involvement (participation and inclusion) in the management of modern cities. Thus, the meaning associated to the name of the smart city does not only overlap with the idea of modernization and expansion, but also wants to combine, simultaneously, competitiveness and sustainable urban development. In the present study, by building upon a European vision as regards the development of smart cities, we have attempted to build an image of the European envisioned smart city, which is to be planned out and sought after through a series of strategic partnerships for innovation. Not only is the European vision detailed, but Romanian specific urban development and smart city tendencies shall also be briefly analyzed in this paper.

A SYNOPSIS OF ROMANIA’S SMART CITIES INNITIATIVES

The term smart city is often associated with the desire for accelerated modernization of space and urban social interactions, especially based on Information and Communications Technologies. Smart cities are creative and sustainable areas that bring improvements on the quality of life, a friendlier environment and where the prospects of/for economic development are stronger. Such cities are to be considered as the sum of the various improvements in urban infrastructure, the quality of services provided to citizens, the operational costs of public administration. Romania has several key cities that have begun their pivot from regular and only digitized cities, to smart cities. According to information from the Romanian Smart City Association (ARSC), in 2018, at Romanian national level, 24 cities could be considered smart, the following cities being most visible in terms of how many projects have been undertaken so as to develop a smart city: Alba Iulia city has 60 such projects, Cluj-Napoca city has 10, Arad has 9, Sibiu and Oradea each have 8 projects, and Bucharest has started six such projects. At 2020 level, we notice an increase in the number of projects in the following way: Alba-Iulia now has 106 projects, Cluj-Napoca has 54 projects, Timisoara 26, Arad and Iasi have each 19 projects, Brasov and Bucuresti (Sector 4) have 18 projects each, Oradea 17, Sibiu 15, and Piatra Neamț 15 projects. The main areas of interest being Smart Mobility, Smart Governance, Smart Living, Smart Economy, Smart Environment, and Smart People. Having set goals of cutting energy costs by 30% in the field of public transportation and an increase of 45% in terms of innovation products that are to be sourced locally, the city of Oradea has attracted project worth 369 million euros, and this entire sum has been achieved through EU funded grants.

India’s National Smart City Mission: Analysis of Project Dimensions Including Sources of Funding

The term smart city is defined, and based on India's National Smart City Mission, it is explained what an emerging country can do to start making its cities smarter. Thereby the goals and the program's implementation are analyzed, how it works, and how cities can participate. Moreover, Bhubaneswar and Pune are investigated regarding their smart city plans, goals, and first outcomes. Furthermore, challenges the program faced until now are mentioned and learnings for other emerging market cities on what went well in India and on what does not yet work out that well in the program.

Analisis Kebijakan Smart City Pada Among Tani untuk Menumbuhkan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Rangka Mewujudkan Good Governance

To realize good governance is inseparable from community participation, the government initiated a concept of smart city implementation. Smart city is a form of structuring and managing the City using technology-based resources. Batu City Government, the term smart city was changed to Batu Among Tani Teknologi. The purpose of the research is to analyze smart city policies in Among Tani to increase community participation in order to realize good governance in batu city government, to know the supporting factors and inhibitions and to know the smart city policy analysis model. The method in this research is qualitative research approach of literature study using secondary data derived from books, journals, and other scientific critical studies coming from institutions according to the focus of research topics. The results of the research obtained are the application among farmers in Batu city community participation is increasing because farmers can market agricultural products and survive the practice of middlemen, consult and report complaints on the application Among Farmers and also farmers empowered through farmer groups. Not only farmers who use the application, the general public as buyers have also used Among Tani. The supporting factor of smart city policy in Among Tani is the organization of farmers who are empowered in farmer groups so that the needs of the people of Batu city the results of agriculture are fulfilled. The inhibition factor is the lack of evenly distributed socialization of the government so that there are still many people who do not understand what smart city is and the presence of farmers lose the motivation of farming that results in agricultural land being switched because of the lack of protection from the government.

Smart City e innovazione sociale: proposta di un framework analitico critico

For over twenty years the term smart city has entered the urban agendas of cities around the world and has established itself as one of the most influential urban paradigms. Although there is no common definition of smart city, the different actors involved in the dedicated poli-cies agree on the definition of a city in which investment in technology and human capital is aimed at improving the quality of life of citisens. However, some empirical evidence and am-biguous definitions raised increasing doubts about the effective equipollence between the so-cial and technological dimensions and the objective of the article is to develop and propose an analytical framework to help the understanding of the real importance of the social dimension in smart policies beyond the mere rhetorical dimension. To do this, the article proposes a sys-tematic review of the literature of urban studies on the smart city. In the conclusions, thanks to this new framework, the article hypothesizes the existence of a relationship between policies for the Smart City and those for Social innovation in Europe.

Smart City: From Concept To Implementation

Abstract This article presents four interpretations of the term smart city, which are not competitive with each other, but even so, municipal authorities knowingly choose the so-called strong preference, as well as shows the conditions for implementing Smart City Projects, which is treated as one of the mechanisms of implementing the idea of the smart city. We also draw attention in the article to the logic of preferences, which is rooted in every decision-making process of municipal authorities, which were forced to make constant choices in conditions of conflicting expectations of stakeholders.

Designing of an Efficient Electronic module for Sensory Network used in Smart City

(Please read carefully abstract of the template). Now-a-days the world population is rapidly increases for which a dreadful requirement is necessary for developing a livable city. Hence the term Smart City is introduced which focus on the Smart environment and environment development, smart waste management and sanitation, smart water management and harvesting, smart energy management etc. In order to monitoring the entire city in a smart way, all the related information is required to collected in an efficient manner. Hence, the Sensory Network operated in wireless mode is a best choice for collecting useful information in several points of the cities. Though, the sensory Network operated in wireless mode consumes a high power so the sovereignty of the module. This paper projected a designing of an efficient electronic circuit module which operate with less power for sensory network used in a smart city. The proposed module consists of a sensory module along with storage unit. The Sensory module operates in wireless mode is implemented by multi-channel Radio Frequency (RF) with a frequency range of 310 to 910 MHz and an External Memory as Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (E2PROM) with Real Time Clock Chip (RTC-DS1307IC) is considered as storage unit. Finally, the designed module is operated by considering both the information from sensory nodes and storage unit.

The Analysis of the Slovak Citizens’ Awareness about the Smart City Concept

An icreasing number of citizens living in cities and their demands for high quality of life and standard of living requires the implementation of smart solutions. Not only the world metropolis but also cities in the Slovak Republic implement the elements of the concept into their cities. Despite the efforts of local governments to improve residents’ lives through various projects oriented on smart elements, the issue of the lack of citizens’ awareness about the Smart City concept and the possibility of their engaging in building a better and smarter city remains. The mentioned issue also results from the survey conducted by the authors of the paper. The main aim of the paper is to analyze the awareness of regional cities’ citizens in the Slovak Republic about the Smart City concept and to propose the recommendations for improving the implementation of the Smart City elements into cities. The survey showed that almost 65 % of the respondents do not know what the term Smart City stands for. Based on the results, the authors recommend better enlightenment and publicity of the Smart City concept among citizens. Only informed and actively involved citizens can bring creative and innovative solutions that can make Smart City implementation more efficient or effective. A questionnaire was created to collect the necessary data. The questionnaire was distributed by the improbable quote selection of randomly addressed citizens in regional cities of the Slovak Republic. The collected data were evaluated by using the statistical program SPSS and MS Excel.

Pojava i razvoj pametnih gradova u kontekstu kriminološke i kriminalnopolitičke vizure

The term smart city was first used in the 1990s within the framework of applying innovative technologies as part of modern urban infrastructure. Nowadays, the concept smart city pertains to the application of intelligent, interconnected and instrumentalized information-communication systems in the field of urban planning. European are insufficiently sustainable, inclusive or productive for the needs of modern times. Smart of the present and the future need to address serious social, economic and environmental issues related to social life and housing, infrastructure, organization of public transport, utility services, etc. The policy of developing smart cities should be aimed at precluding difficulties rather than finding ways to cope with the complexities of urban living. In Europe, the major challenges encountered in urban areas are: the aging of the European population, the integration of migrants, social exclusion, (un)sustainability of the natural environment, unemployment, delinquency, and underdeveloped local economy. Human or social ecology describes diverse social relations among people who share the same habitat or local territory, whereby these relations are clearly correlated with the nature of the immediate environment. It is an interdisciplinary study of the social structure in relation to the local environment. In the late 1990s, sociologists introduced ecology into their studies on social development and evolution of human institutions. Thus, they contributed to incorporating this concept in the field of social sciences. In their studies on environmental criminology, the representatives of the Chicago school of criminology argued that the delinquency and crime rate of both juveniles and adults is closely correlated with idleness of adolescents and younger adults, child mortality, tuberculosis, mental disorders and other factors. Considering the fact that the development of smart cities does not exclude the occurrence of delinquency and crime, it is necessary to consider the concept of crime prevention which would be primarily aimed at precluding criminal behavior within the community and increasing public security.