Teratoid Cyst Research Articles

Nasal dermoid sinus cyst with intracranial extension and atretic sinus tract in an adult patient

Nasal dermoid sinus cyst (NDSC) is a rare congenital lesion due to cephalic neural tube defect. It may also have been seen in other parts of the body. NDSC constitutes 1–3% of all dermoid cysts and 11–12% of those in the head and neck. A NDSC is located in the median line of the nasofrontal region from the glabella to the columella. The differential diagnosis based on location includes epidermal inclusion cyst, glioma, meningomyelocele, meningoencephalocele, teratoma, teratoid cyst, thyroglossal duct cyst, branchial cleft cyst, and benign lymphadenopathy. Intracranial extension causes serious complications such as meningitis, osteomyelitis, abscess formation, hydrocephalus, seizures, and personality changes. All patients with NDSC should be considered to have a potential intracranial extension and should, therefore, undergo pre-operative radiological evaluation. Herein, the authors report an unusual adult patient with NDSC with intracranial extension.

Teratoid Cyst of the Floor of the Mouth: Case Report

Dermoid cysts are rare benign tumors of ectodermal origin, they are found in service-facial region with 7% of cases [1]. Floor of the mouth dermoid cysts is even more rare, and are generally localized in the median line of the genioglossus muscle [2]. They are classified as epidermoid cyst, real dermoid cyst and treated depending on the presence or not of the three embryologic contingents. We report the case of a giant congenital teratoid cyst of the floor of the mouth in a 5yo child.

A case of a transient phrenic nerve paralysis after resection of a giant lymphangioma evaluated by dynamic digital radiography

BackgroundLymphangioma is a relatively rare benign congenital malformation composed of dilated cystic lymphatic vessels; however, its occurrence in adults and manifestation as mediastinal lymphangioma are even rarer. In general, the incidence of mediastinal lymphangiomas has been reported to range from 0.01 to 4.5% of all mediastinal tumors. Mediastinal lymphangiomas tend to increase in size and can sometimes stretch the phrenic nerve that are present in the mediastinum, resulting in phrenic nerve palsy.Dynamic digital radiography (DDR) allows for quantitative evaluation over time and has recently been utilized in actual clinical practice. The distance between the apex of the lung and diaphragm can be measured, and the movement of the left and right lungs and diaphragm can be evaluated separately. In this report, we describe a case in which DDR demonstrated the improvement of phrenic nerve palsy.Case presentationA 32-year-old woman with no medical history and no smoking history reported dyspnea on exertion, and abnormalities were noted on chest X-ray. Close examinations revealed thymic, pericardial, bronchogenic, and teratoid cysts, and since they appeared to be growing in size, the patient was referred for surgery. Because the giant cyst prevented visualization of the thoracic cavity, puncture was performed for aspiration. The stretched phrenic nerve was identified in the giant cyst wall and was dissected to avoid damaging it. The cyst wall was detachable and excised without obvious mediastinal invasion. The patient had a good postoperative course and was discharged on postoperative day 5. Dynamic digital radiography on postoperative days 3 and 17 showed movement of the left diaphragm, with improvement over time.ConclusionsMediastinal lymphangiomas tend to grow in size and can sometimes stretch the phrenic nerves that are present in the mediastinum, resulting in phrenic nerve palsy. Dynamic digital radiography (DDR) is a modality that can also be evaluated quantitatively and over time and can comprehensively determine improvement in transverse paralysis.

Teratoid Cyst: A Rare Lingual Lesion, About a Case

Dermoid cysts are dyssembryogenic tumors of ubiquitous location. Their histological aspects are varied. The tongue is a very rare location; about 20 cases have been reported in the literature. Only 6 of them were teratoid cysts (characterized by the presence of respiratory ciliated epithelium). The authors report a new observation of this rare entity in a 5-year-old male child who presented with macroglossia with speech impairment. The CT scan showed a cystic lesion on the dorsal surface of the tongue. The treatment consisted of a complete removal of the cyst. From this observation, we discuss the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, histological and therapeutic aspects of this extremely rare entity, whose diagnosis must be evoked before any lingual swelling in children.

Case Report: Giant Epidermoid Cyst on the Neck with Hypopharyngeal Propulsion

Introduction: Dermoid cyst is a cystic mass lined with stratified squamous epithelium with skin adnexal structure. Histopathologically dermoid cysts consist of 3 types, namely epidermoid cysts, true dermoid cysts and teratoid cysts. Epidermoid cysts are characterized by masses with a simple squamous epithelial lining. When the cyst ruptures, it releases a cheesy white matter that smells bad. Epidermoid cysts are most commonly found in the age range of 15 and 35 years with almost the same frequency between male and female sexes. Case description: We report a case of a 52-year-old man with a lump on the left side of the neck that has been slowly growing since 1 year and a computer tomography of the neck suspected a cyst in the anterior glottis. The patient was diagnosed as a neck cyst. Management was carried out by excision of the cyst under general anesthesia and histopathological examination with the results of an Epidermoid cyst. Conclusion: Epidermoid cysts can develop in any part of the body, but are very rare on the head and neck. Definitive management of epidermoid cysts with complete excision of the cyst gives satisfactory results
 Keywords: Giant Epidermoid Cyst, excision, hypopharyngeal propulsion

Teratoid Cyst with Nephrogenic Elements: A Rare Case

Teratoid cyst is a type of dermoid cyst, the lining of which varies from stratified squamous to a ciliated respiratory epithelium containing derivatives of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. The most common location of this cyst is oral cavity and presence of nephrogenic elements has been very rarely reported. We report a very uncommon rare case of teratoid cyst with nephrogenic elements in cyst wall and intestinal duplication cyst in a 6-month-old-female child.

TERATOID CYST IN THE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH WITH SQUAMOUS, INTESTINAL, AND RESPIRATORY EPITHELIA

Disontogenic cysts are an embryonic developmental error, classified histopathologically as dermoid, epidermoid, or teratoid. Teratoid cyst, a cystic form of teratoma, is the least common presentation among these cysts. This work describes the clinical case of a tumor in the floor of the mouth, characterized by presence of squamous, intestinal, and respiratory tract epithelium. A 1-year-old girl was referred to service of oral surgery for examination of a swelling in the sublingual region without painful symptomatology. Intraoral examination revealed a swelling lesion on the floor of the mouth with soft consistency, measuring about 4 × 5 cm. Surgery was performed under general anesthesia with complete enucleation of the lesion. Microscopic examination revealed fragments of developmental cystic lesion containing orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with skin adnexa, intestinal and respiratory epithelia, and connective tissue elements. Based on morphologic findings, diagnosis of teratoid cyst was confirmed. The patient was followed up for 1 year without sign of recurrence.

A case of teratoid cyst around the mandibular angle

A case of teratoid cyst around the mandibular angle

CT and MRI features of scalp lesions.

Scalp lesions can be classified as congenital, traumatic, inflammatory, or neoplastic in origin. Although patients presenting with scalp masses are frequently seen in daily practice, differentiation of scalp lesions is often challenging for radiologists who are not familiar with the imaging of cutaneous lesions. The majority of scalp lesions are fortunately benign, with cystic lesions accounting for over 50% of all benign scalp lesions. Such lesions include trichilemmal cysts (pilar cysts), sebaceoma, epidermoid cysts, dermoid cysts, and teratoid cysts. Radiologists may also occasionally encounter benign neoplasms of the scalp, including melanocytic nevi, keratoacanthoma, pilomatricoma, neurofibroma, and lipoma. Malignant scalp tumors are uncommon; however, they carry a potential risk of delayed detection, resulting in poorer outcomes. Most scalp lesions show nonspecific imaging findings, although some possess characteristic features on CT and MRI. Radiologists must be familiar with the appearances of common scalp lesions to reach an accurate diagnosis. Hence, the aim of this article is to describe the clinical and imaging features of scalp lesions.

Epidermoid Cyst of Uvula: Presentation of Case. Review of the Literature

The epidermoid cyst is a frequent dermatological entity, being very rare its location in the oral cavity, with a higher prevalence at the level of the floor of the oral cavity. It is considered of congenital etiology, although it occurs predominantly in young adults. They are generally well circumscribed, slow growing and asymptomatic masses, although those located in the oral cavity and oropharynx can cause phonatory, swallowing and respiratory disorders. The diagnosis is clinical, being the differential diagnosis with the dermoid and teratoid cysts only possible with the histopathological study. The treatment is surgical and the prognosis is favorable without relapses. We present a case of epidermoid cyst located in uvula, in a male of 6 months of life, treated surgically, with the tumor excision by a transoral approach

Update from the 4th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours: What Is New in the 2017 WHO Blue Book for Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Neck and Lymph Nodes.

The World Health Organization (WHO) 2017 Classification of Head and Neck Tumors ("Blue Book") will now include a new chapter on tumors and tumor-like lesions of the neck and lymph nodes, which was not included in the previous edition. Tumors and tumor-like lesions, including a variety of cysts and metastases, can arise in any component in the neck, including soft tissue, lymph nodes, and developmental remnants. The pathology and clinical features of metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary in the head and neck has changed dramatically in the last several years. Many of these tumors which were previously diagnosed as unknown primary are now identified as oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal carcinomas related to human papillomavirus (HPV), less commonly to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and occasionally even to Merkel cell polyomavirus. Many unusual features can arise in these metastases, such as undifferentiated morphology, extensive cystic change with central degeneration, gland formation, and even ciliated cells. Rarely, carcinoma in the neck can arise in association with a heterotopic tissue, primarily thyroid or salivary gland tissue. Tumor-like lesions include branchial cleft cysts, thyroglossal duct cyst, dermoid and teratoid cyst, and ranula. Pathologists should be familiar with the diagnostic features and clinicopathologic corrections of these neck lesions in order to correctly diagnosis them and to provide for proper clinical management. This article will briefly describe the pathologic and clinical features of these entities as they are covered in the new 2017 Blue Book.

Recurrence of floor of the mouth dysontogenic cyst in childhood

The dysontogenic cysts of the floor of the mouth, which probably derive from pluripotent ectodermal cells entrapped during midline fusion of the branchial arches, include three histological subtypes: epidermoid, dermoid, and teratoid. The teratoid cyst, composed of ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal structures, is rare, with 26 cases reported in the English literature, most of them detected during childhood. We present a case of a teratoid cyst of the floor of the mouth in an 8-month-old boy, which was initially operated on the suspicion of ranula. A year after the operation a recurrent teratoid cyst was detected, with a sinus tract to the floor of the mouth. A recurrent dysontogenic cyst is very rare, with only five cases reported, and only one during childhood. The presence of tracts or adhesions not identified during the primary excision could explain the recurrence.

Giant Sublingual Epidermoid Cyst

Epidermoid and dermoid cysts represent less than 0.01% of all oral cavity cysts. The cysts can be defined as epidermoid when the lining presents only epithelium, dermoid cysts when skin adnexa are found, and teratoid cysts when other tissue such as muscle, cartilage, and bone are present. In this article, we present a case of sublingual epidermoid cyst with a submental component in a 15 years old girl. She presented with complaints of a mass in the oral cavity, difficulty in speaking, dysphagia, progressive snoring during sleep, occasional shortness of breath and cosmetic problems for last 6 months. A mass displacing the tongue superiorly and posteriorly was noticed in oral cavity and a firm diffuse swelling was also noticed in the submental area, extending down to the thyroid notch. The differential diagnosis includes infectious process, ranula, lymphatic malformation, tumours etc. FNAC revealed preoperative diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst . Under general anesthesia a submental horizontal incision was made and the mass was excised completely. Histopathological examination of the mass confirmed diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v31i3.20984 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2013; 31: 159-161

English

Epidermoid cyst is usually due to infection of pilosebaceous gland or due to traumatic migration of epidermis to the deeper structure of skin. They may present in any place of body which is lined by squamous epithelium. They are rarely present in head neck and in oral cavity. We are presenting a rare case of epidermoid cyst presenting in the nasal vestibule. INTRODUCTION: Epidermoid and dermoid cysts can be present anywhere in the body lined by squamous epithelium. About 7% occur in head and neck region. The cysts can be defined as epidermoid when the lining presents only epithelium, dermoid cysts when skin adnexa are found, and teratoid cysts when other tissue such as muscle, cartilage, and bone are present. Because of the similar epithelium lining, all three of these cysts may have cheesy keratinaceous material within the lumen. An epidermoid cyst can be differentiated with other sublingual cyst by histopathological examination only1. CASE REPORT: A 55 year old female patient presented with a swelling in the right nasal vestibule since 2 years. The swelling was painless and gradually progressive. Clinical examination revealed a smooth surfaced, non-tender mass (1×2cm) with well defined margins in the right nasal vestibule. The swelling was mobile and not fixed to the skin and underlying bone. Clinically swelling in the right nasal vestibule, could be dentigerous cyst or mucocele was suspected. C.T scan of the nose and paranasal sinuses showed a well defined lesion measuring 1×2×1.5cm with cystic component with normal vascularity. It was suggestive of epidermoid cyst. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed sheets of anucleate squamous epithelial cells against a clear background. Features were favouring epidermoid cyst. The patient underwent excision of the lesion through sublabial approach under local anaesthesia with sedation. The excised mass showed a well circumscribed mass that was attached to the adjacent to the maxilla. Histopathological examination of the specimen showed fibrofatty tissue and lymphoid aggregates with keratin material. It also showed haemorrhage with inflammatory infiltrate. It was lined by squamous epithelium. It was suggestive of an epidermoid cyst. DISCUSSION: Epidermoid cysts are lined by stratified squamous epithelium and contain keratin debris. Men are mostly affected and such cysts generally appear after puberty. It is common in young and old, but is rare in childhood. They may be congenital or acquired type. Congenital type is due to entrapment of ectodermal substance between the midline fusion of first and second branchial arches during third and fourth intrauterine life. Acquired type cysts usually occur due to infection around pilosebaceous follicle and sometime deep implantation of epidermis as a result of penetrating or blunt injury. It is slow growing and non tender mass. When present in dermis, it raises epidermis to produce a firm elastic dome-shaped protuberance which is mobile over the deeper structures. They

Choristoma Involving the Floor of the Mouth and the Anterior Tongue: A Case of Teratoid Cyst With Gastric and Respiratory Epithelia

Oral dysontogenic cysts result from defective embryonic development. Among them teratoid cysts are the most unusual presentation and may be lined by gastric, intestinal, respiratory, squamous, ciliated epithelium or even pancreatic structures. Teratoid cysts containing respiratory and gastrointestinal epithelium have typically been called choristomas. This article describes a 15-year-old boy presenting a choristoma involving both the floor of the mouth and the anterior tongue and characterized by the presence of squamous epithelium with skin adnexa, gastric and respiratory epithelium.

Extensive teratoid cyst in the floor of the mouth: A case report

Extensive teratoid cyst in the floor of the mouth: A case report

Dermoid Cysts of the Floor of the Mouth: A Case Report

Epidermoid and dermoid cysts are malformations observed in the oral cavity, represent less than 0.01% of all oral cavity cysts. Histologically, they can be further classified as epidermoid, dermoid or teratoid. The cysts can be defined as epidermoid when the lining presents only epithelium dermoid cysts when skin adnexa are found and teratoid cysts when other tissue such as muscle, cartilage, and bone are present. We report a case in which a 15-year-old boy developed a dermoid cyst presented at our clinic with complaints of increasing dysphagia and globus sensation about 5 years. On examination, the patient revealed a massive swelling of the floor of the mouth, which had displaced the tongue cranially. MRI imaging showed the lesion to be a homogeneous, cystic lesion, clearly at a distance from the surrounding mucous tissue. Surgery was performed, and the tumor was resected completely. Histologic examination of the resected tissue was consistent with an epidermoid cyst located in the floor of the mouth. The patient did well postoperatively, and no recurrence was noticed at the 6-years of follow-up. Although epidermoid cysts are rarely located in the oral cavity, it should be included in differential diagnosis. Surgery is the treatment of choice.

Epidermoid cysts in head and neck: our experiences, with review of literature.

Epidermoid cysts are benign lesions, characterized by cystic spaces lined by simple squamous epithelium (epidermoid cyst), containing skin adnexa ("true" dermoid cyst) or tissues of all three germ layers (teratoid cyst). Head and neck constitute~7% of all cases of epidermoid and dermoid cysts. There is often a diagnostic dilemma with the more common cystic lesions of this region. A retrospective case-series study of histologically proved epidermoid cysts in the head-neck region, from February 2008 to January 2011, in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery of a tertiary Government teaching hospital in eastern India. The diagnosis was reached by fine needle aspiration cytology FNAC and subsequent histopathology where feasible. Necessary imaging was done for evaluation and management. A total of 28 cases were analyzed. 5 were female, with a male: female ratio of 4.6. Age range was from 2 to 60years (mean=30). Excision was the preferred treatment in 20 cases (71.4%). Various sites like the submandibular region (5), pinna (5), sublingual region (1), periorbital (6), suprasternal (6), along the anterior border of sternocleidomastoid (1) and glabella (3) were involved, along with an iatrogenic implantation epidermoid cyst in a tracheostomy scar. Some of the interesting cases presenting with clinical dilemma have been emphasized. Epidermoid cysts are relatively less common in the head-neck region, hence are liable to be misdiagnosed. In this case-series, few cases presenting with enough elements of confusion and dilemma are discussed with overall analysis and review of the related literature.

Dermoid Cysts of the Floor of the Mouth: Two Case Reports

Dermoid cysts in the floor of the mouth may be congenital or acquired. The congenital form, according to the main theory, originates from embryonic cells of the 1st and 2nd branchial arch. The acquired form may be due to traumatic or iatrogenic causes and as a result of the occlusion of a sebaceous gland duct. Its occurrence is less and is estimated to be from 1.6 to 6.4% of the dermoid cysts of the body in adults and 0.29% of the head and neck tumors occurring in children. They may also be classified as anatomical and histological. Anatomically, they are divided into median genioglossal, median geniohyoid, and lateral cysts, while histologically they are divided into epidermoid, dermoid cysts and teratomas. Clinically, a distinction between supra and inferior type as well as between central and lateral type is proposed in relation to themylohyoidmuscle and themidline, respectively. Histologically, an estimation of dermoid, epidermoid, and teratoid cysts is reported. Enucleation via intraoral and/or extraoral approach is the method of treatment. Two case reports of dermoid cysts in the floor of the mouth are presented in this paper, and an evaluation with regard to pathology, clinical findings, differential diagnosis, and treatment is discussed.

Intralingual Dermoid Cyst in an Infant Presenting Swallowing and Sleeping Difficulties

Dermoid cysts of the oral cavity are extremely rare. The most common site is the floor of the mouth whereas intralingual location is the most unusual. They may be congenital or acquired and according to their histological appearance they are distinguished in "true" dermoid, epidermoid or teratoid cysts. We present the clinical and radiographic findings of a large congenital intralingual "true" dermoid cyst in a 10-month-old boy. The large size of the lesion and the subsequent enlargement of the tongue caused difficulties in swallowing and sleeping, symptoms which subsided after the surgical treatment. The uncommon location, the large size and the very young age of the patient were the noteworthy parameters.