Tephrosia Research Articles

Bioactivity guided fractionation of potent antiacne plant extract against Propionibacterium acnes

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a commensal anaerobic, Gram positive bacterium that belongs to the normal microflora. P. acnes play an important role in the pathogenesis of various skin infections and diseases. However, the available agents are associated with number of side effects and P. acnes show the genetic base of antibacterial resistance against erythromycin and clindamycin. Therefore, alternative natural approaches for the treatment are needed for an hour for alleviation of infection caused by P. acnes. To find out the most effective anti P. acnes extract amongst the selected four plants commonly used for anti-acne potential and to obtain the characterized fraction of the extract with highest anti P. acnes potential, in vitro antimicrobial activity was evaluated using disk diffusion method and the zone of inhibition was compared using Hi-media zone measuring ruler. Afterwards, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for the potent fraction and the results were compared with Clindamycin. The active fraction was characterized chemically and its thin-layer chromatography (TLC) finger printing profile was prepared in order to standardize it. The methanolic extracts of Rubia cordifolia showed maximum (14.0 and 24.0 mm) anti P. acnes activity. The petro-ether fraction showed highest potential compared to other fractions of the extract. Sub-fraction D of petro-ether fraction with maximum activity was further purified. But, the results were similar to the sub-fraction D. The MIC was found to be 3 µg/ml of sub-fraction. R. cordifolia extracts have significant anti P. acnes activity in comparison to Tephrosia purpurea, Viola tricolor and Serenoa repens. The fractionation of R. cordifolia extract enhanced the activity but only up to certain extent. The TLC finger printing profile and chemical identification tests can be used for the identification/standardization purpose of this active fraction. Key words: Rubia cordifolia, Tephrosia purpurea, Viola tricolor, Serenoa repens, antibacterial activity.

Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant potential of Tephrosia Purprea in Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity

The present study was designed to evaluate Hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of Tephrosia Purprea whole plant aqueous extract in paracetamol intoxicated rats. 75mg/kg and 150mg/kg of aqueous extract were administered orally once a daily for seven days. Animals were challenged with paracetamol on 5 th day of treatment protocol. Elevated serum levels of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin (direct and total) were restored significantly by the extract. Silymarine (reference standard) exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity. The biochemical parameters were supplemented with histopathological studies. In-vitro free radical scavenging activity was screened and results concluded that possible mechanism of hepatoprotective activity may be due to its free radical scavenging activity.

Anti hyperlipidemic activity of Tephrosia purpurea plant extracts in poloxomer 407 induced hyperlipidemic rats

Aim & Objective: Screening Of Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Tephrosia purpurea Plant Extracts.Material & Method: Screening of antihyperlipidemic was done by using Tephrosia purpurea Leaves, Stem and Whole plant (except Leaves) extracts. Part extracts used for antihyperlipidemic activity were stem (500 mg/kg), leaves (400mg/kg) and whole plant extracts except leaves at the dose of (300mg/kg, 600mg/kg).Hyperlipidemia was administered in experimental animals using Poloxomer 407 by intraperitoneal administration at the dose of 1g/kg. Blood was withdrawn through retro orbital puncture at 15& 24 hrs intervals. Antihyperlipidemic activity of Tephrosia purpurea plant extracts were evaluated by estimation of lipid profiles.Results: Estimation of lipid profile shows that Tephrosia purpurea stem extract (500mg/kg), Tephrosia purpurea leaves extract (400mg/kg), Tephrosia purpurea whole plant extract (300mg/kg) shows the less significant antihyperlipidemic activity. While Tephrosia purpurea whole plant extract at the dose of 600mg/kg shows potent antihyperlipidemic activity. It decreases TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and increases HDL levels. Tephrosia purpurea whole plant extract 600 mg/kg shows significant antihyperlipidemic activity as standard drug Atorvastatin.Conclusion: Hydro methanolic extracts of Tephrosia purpurea whole plant inhibits cholesterol and triglycerides synthesis. Increasing in stimulation of lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase is responsible for plasma triglycerides hydrolysis. The elevation of serum cholesterol levels following i.p. injection of Poloxomer 407 solution to rats was due to stimulation of 3-hydroxy-3-rmethylglutaryl-Co-enzyme A (HMG-Co A) reductase activity in the liver by the Poloxomer. Hydro methanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea Showed lowering of TG levels by increasing the lipoprotein lipase activities. The cholesterol lowering effect of Tephrosia purpurea extract were observed in rats treated with the Poloxomer 407 by the inhibition of HMG Co A reductase inhibition.

Potency of Traditional Insecticide Materials against Stored Bean Weevil, Acanthoscelides Obtectus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in Tanzania

The bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus is a major insect pest of stored common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris an important source of plant protein in many parts of the world, Tanzania inclusive. In rural Tanzania, most smallholder farmers apply traditional insecticide materials in the protection of bean from insect pests. The laboratory study investigates the potency of the selected traditional insecticide materials employed by small scale farmers to reduce stored bean losses caused by A. obtectus . The materials were identified and collected from Kimuli and Mabira villages in Kagera region and from Dar es Salaam. The effect of the materials to A. obtectus at different doses and durations was determined by both the number of surviving insects in treated set-ups reflecting the insect mortality and by the insects' reproductive performance at first filial generation (F1). The findings revealed effectiveness of the materials against A. obtectus to vary in the order: Azadirachta indica > Tephrosia vogelii > Nicotiana tabacum > Vegetation ash > Ocimum gratissimum > Crassocephalum crepidioides . Kruskal-Wallis test indicated significant differences in the number of A. obtectus survivors among the treatments at different doses during the study periods and also in the number of insects’ progeny (F1) produced at the end of their life cycle. It was concluded that the materials exhibit potency against A. obtectus at varying levels. Keywords : Traditional insecticide materials, Acanthoscelides obtectus , potency, Phaseolus vulgaris , mortality

Response to fertilizer of native grasses (Pennisetum polystachion and Setaria sphacelata ) and legume (Tephrosia pedicellata ) of savannah in Sudanian Benin

Response to nitrogen fertilizer of 2 grass species, Pennisetum polystachion and Setaria sphacelata, and one legume Tephrosia pedicellata was studied in northern Benin. The 3 species are native in Sudanian grasslands and occur on tropical ferruginous soils. The experimental plots were fertilized with a basal dressing of potassium chloride and triple superphosphate before testing nitrogen fertilizer at rates of 0, 60 and 120 kg/ha N, respectively. The highest biomass was produced with 120 kg/ha (4.98, 2.13 and 1.1 t/ha DM for Pennisetum, Setaria and Tephrosia, respectively). The highest number of pods per plant with Tephrosia was produced with the control plot (35.75 pods per plant) and the lowest with an N rate of 60 kg/ha (23.75 pods per plant). The highest tussock diameters for Setaria and Pennisetum were 76.4 and 71.9 cm, respectively, at an N rate of 120 kg/ha. These 3 native forage species showed good performance under cultivation.

PRELIMINARY REVISIONS OF SOME GENERA OF MALAYSIAN PAPILIONACEAE II

The revisions or notes have been prepared by Miss M. S. van Meeuwen, except for those of Pseudarthria and Sophora by C. G. G. J.van Steenis, and Tephrosia by J. Stemmerik. In Alysicarpus 4 species are distinguished in Malaysia; a key, synonymy, and discussion are given.Lourea Desv., being a homonym, has, according to Dr. Bakhuizen van den Brink, to be replaced by Christia; a key and discussion is given of 4 Malaysian species; 5 new combinations are proposed. Under Desmodium the variability of D. heterocarpon (L.) DC. and its full synonymy are discussed; one new variety is proposed; an enumeration of specimens of both varieties is given. D. ormooarpoides DC. and D. zonatum Miq. are two sharply distinct species which have been confused in the past; a key, synonyms, discussion, and enumeration of specimens are provided. The discrimination of D. sequax Wall, and D. viegaphyllum Zoll. is discussed and their synonymy given; specimens have been enumerated. Distribution is given of D. scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv. and D. tor-tuosum (Sw.)DC. Psoraleai is revised for Malaysia where 4 species are recorded and keyed out; a fifth species must remain dubious, as the type could not be traced in the Paris Herbarium. Of Pseudarthria only one species occurs in Malaysia; its synonymy and distribution is given.Sophora longipes Merr.; an endemic species from the Philippines, is recorded for Timor. Of Tephroi T. brachystachys Laut. & K. Seh. is reduced. Notes and distribution are given of T. zollingeri Backer. For T. mollie . Val., a later homonym, the new name T. papuana is proposed.

Antifungal and antioxidant activity of crude extracts of three medicinal plants from Cameroon pharmacopea

Three medicinal plant (Milletia laurentii, Tephrosia vogelii, Croton macrostachyus) extracts traditionally used in Cameroon to manage infectious diseases, were chosen and screened for their phytochemicals composition, antioxidant properties and antifungal activity againstTrichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton soudanense and Trichophyton violaceum. Plant powders were extracted by maceration in methanol and water. Afforded extracts were studied for their: phytochemical composition using indicators, antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging methods and antifungal activity using the agar dilution methods. Extraction yield were better with methanol than water for all the medicinal plants. Amongst the 11 phytochemical compounds (alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponines, anthraquinones, tannins, anthocyanins, coumarins, essential oils, steroids, glycosides, lipids) tested, 9 were differently present in relative high amount in extracts, while glycosides and steroids were absent in all plant extracts. Aqueous extracts of T. vogelli showed the best antioxidant activity while methanolic extract of C. macrostachyus showed the lowest with IC50 values of 0.30 and 0.11 mg/ml, respectively.M. laurentii showed IC50 of 0.19 and 0.21 mg/ml for aqueous and methanolic extracts, respectively. All the extracts tested showed significant activity against the threeTricophyton species tested, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) varying from 17.50 to 27.50 and 20 to 30 mg/ml, respectively. These findings support the continued sustainable screen of medicinal plants as source of bioactive principles. Key words: Medicinal plant, phytochemical screening, antifungal, antioxidant.

Therapeutic effects of Tephrosia vogelii ointment in the treatment of bovine dermatophilosis

The therapeutic effect of a cream ointment prepared from the leaves of Tephrosia vogelii Hook F., was tested for the treatment of bovine dermatophilosis in four local cows of the Sokoto Gudali breed and two 50% Holstein Friesian crosses in Jos, Plateau State Nigeria. All the selected animals used in this study were naturally infected by the Dermatophilus congolensis organism. The selected animals all showed established, oozing, and hard crusty lesions on their skins, typical of dermatophilus lesions. All the animals had various degrees of infections ranging from mild to severe, with the lesions located on different parts of the skin. Six of the animals were selected for the experimental treatment with the prepared ointment made from the leaves of T. vogelii, while the rest of the infected animals in the herd were kept untreated as the control. A cream ointment was prepared from the leaves of T. vogelii for topical application on the skin lesions of the affected animals. The ointment was applied liberally on the lesions every other day. The crusts on the skins of the affected animals were observed to start falling off from the third day in the local animals, and on the sixth day in the crosses, following the first application of the ointment. Complete healing and new hair growth was observed within the period of 4 to 8 weeks. The affected areas of the skins became completely healed and normal without any problem in all the affected animals. No healing or improvement was observed in the control group that was left untreated. Key words: Tephrosia vogelii, bovine dermatophilosis, cream ointment.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Nuclear Ribosomal ITS/5.8S Sequences in the Tribe Millettieae (Fabaceae): Poecilanthe-Cyclolobium, the core Millettieae, and the Callerya Group

Abstract The taxonomic composition of three principal and distantly related groups of the former tribe Millettieae, which were first identified from nuclear phytochrome and chloroplast trnK/matK sequences, was more extensively investigated with a phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS/5.8S sequences. The first of these groups includes the neotropical genera Poecilanthe and Cyclolobium, which are resolved as basal lineages in a clade that otherwise includes the neotropical genera Brongniartia and Harpalyce and the Australian Templetonia and Hovea. The second group includes the large millettioid genera, Millettia, Lonchocarpus, Derris, and Tephrosia, which are referred to as the “core Millettieae” group. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS/5.8S sequences reveals that Millettia is polyphyletic, and that subclades of the core Millettieae group, such as the New World Lonchocarpus or the pantropical Tephrosia and segregate genera (e.g., Chadsia and Mundulea), each form well supported ...

In vitro Evaluation of Tephrosia purpurea Pers for Antioxidant Activity

This research was taken up to investigate the antioxidant activity of leaves of Tephrosia purpurea . The in vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Tephrosia purpurea was investigated by DPPH free radical scavenging, and nitric oxide scavenging methods. The ethanol extract showed good antioxidant activity in these above methods. This activity may be due to the presence of flavanoids.

Hepatoprotective Activity of a Benzopyrone from Tephrosia purpurea Pers.

Objective: To study hepatoprotective activity of a new benzopyrone derivative (TP) isolated from the alcoholic extract of aerial parts of Tephrosia purpurea Pers. Materials and methods: Compound TP was isolated from alcoholic extract of T. purpurea by normal phase column chromatography using toluene: ethyl acetate (70:30) as mobile phase and structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Hepatoprotective activity of TP and the alcoholic extract was evaluated using carbon tetrachloride, paracetamol and rifampicin as toxicants. The potency of TP (100 mg/kg) and the alcoholic extract of aerial parts (200 mg/kg), was compared with silymarin (100 mg/kg). The SGOT, SGPT, total and direct bilirubin levels of blood were measured spectrophotometrically. Results: Compound TP was found to be 3-hydroxy, 6-methoxy, 2-oxy (3-butanone), 7 (dioxolane-4-one), 2, 3,-dihydrobenzopyrone. The alcoholic extract and TP caused significant fall in the enzyme levels in serum in rats. Conclusion: Alcoholic extract of T. purpurea and TP have shown significant hepatoprotective activity in rats against all the toxicants that were studied.

Flavonoids from Tephrosia deflexa and T. albifoliolis

Flavonoids from Tephrosia deflexa and T. albifoliolis

Isoprenylated flavonoids from Tephrosia tuitoensis.

Isoprenylated flavonoids from Tephrosia tuitoensis.

New pathogenic Phaeoramularia spp. on forest plants

Phaeoramularia bauhiniae, P. marsdeniae and P. tephrosiicola sp. nov., on Bauhinia bahli, Marsdenia verticulata and Tephrosia hirta, respectively, are described, illustrated and compared with similar taxa. Keys have been provided to distinguish Phaeoramularia spp. on Asclepiadaceae and Fabaceae.

Constituents ofTephrosia Uniflora

Abstract Elongatin (1), 12a-hydroxyrotenone (5), β-sitosterol and stigmasterol have been isolated and identified from the stems and leaves of Tephrosia uniflora.

Prenylated flavonoids from Tephrosia spinosa

The isolation and characterization of a new chalcone, spinochalcone C, and two new flavanones, spinoflavanones A and B, from various parts of Tephrosia spinosa are reported in addition to the known flavanone, fulvinervin A.

Flavonoids of Tephrosia polyphylla

The roots of Tephrosia polyphylla afforded a new isoflavonoid, 4′-demethyltoxicarol isoflavone, together with the known compounds toxicarol isoflavone and 7-methylglabranin.

ChemInform Abstract: Flavonoids of Tephrosia procumbens. Revised Structure (I) for Praecansone A (formerly (IIb)) and Conformation of Praecansone B

ChemInform Abstract: Flavonoids of Tephrosia procumbens. Revised Structure (I) for Praecansone A (formerly (IIb)) and Conformation of Praecansone B

8-C-Prenylated Flavones from the Roots of Tephrosia, hildebrandtii

8-C-Prenylated Flavones from the Roots of Tephrosia, hildebrandtii

Maxima Isoflavone J: a New O-Prenylated Isoflavone from Tephrosia maxima

Maxima Isoflavone J: a New O-Prenylated Isoflavone from Tephrosia maxima