Tensile Fractography Research Articles

Enhancing microstructural and mechanical properties of magnesium AZ31 matrix composites through friction stir processing incorporating silicon carbide, titanium carbide, and graphite particles

The present study focuses on investigating the effect of reinforcement on the microstructure and mechanical properties of friction-stir-processed magnesium hybrid composites. The groove width (0, 0.7, 1.1, 1.7, and 2.3 mm) of the Magnesium AZ31 plates was varied by varying the volume fractions (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 vol%) of Silicon Carbide (SiC), Titanium Carbide (TiC), and Graphite (Gr) particle reinforcements in the hybrid composite. Single-pass processing was suspended using a cylindrical tool shoulder with a rotational speed, transverse velocity, and axial pressure of 1000 rpm, 30 mm min−1, and 6 kN, respectively. The optical micrograph clearly shows that a non-cluster zone (reinforcement particles are uniformly distributed without agglomeration) was identified in the processed region of the least concentrated composites. The results revealed that a peak tensile strength of 293.546 ± 5.12 MPa was attained for the combination of 10 vol% composites, and a Vickers hardness number of 86.53 HV was achieved for the 20 vol.% composites. The fracture surface morphology was analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The mode of tensile fractography was ductile for the least composite and transformed into a brittle mode of failure with the addition of reinforcements.

Microstructure, Mechanical Behavior, and Tensile Fractography of Si3N4-Reinforced Al2219 Alloy Composites Synthesized by Squeeze Casting Method

Microstructure, Mechanical Behavior, and Tensile Fractography of Si3N4-Reinforced Al2219 Alloy Composites Synthesized by Squeeze Casting Method

Influence of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes on mechanical characteristics of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites: An experimental and analytical approach

AbstractAs a consequence of their magnificent performance like mechanical, electrical and chemical properties, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are widely used as a secondary reinforcement in composite field. It has been developed by arc discharging process under atmospheric pressure. Subsequently, MWCNTs doped nano‐composite were developed through hand lay‐up and followed by vacuum bagging techniques. Quasi – isotropic symmetrical laminate of eight layers (0/90)/(±45)/(±45)/(0/90)//(0/90)/(±45)/(±45)/(0/90) were fabricated under room temperature. To fabricate the composite laminates, purified MWCNTs were homogeneously dispersed in glass fiber reinforced epoxy with 0.5%, 1.25%, and 2 wt% loading. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, strain to failure and fracture behavior of unfilled and MWCNTs doped composite laminates were evaluated. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM) was employed to evaluate the structural and morphological characteristics of advanced nano‐composites. Reinforcement effect is found to be more pronounced in 1.25% MWCNTs embedded glass fiber reinforced polymer. This reinforcement effect was corroborated by tensile fractography which depicted by hackle region. Results indicated that tensile strength of 1.25 wt% nano‐composite increased by 47.36% with respect to 0.5 wt% MWCNT doped composites.Highlights Development of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by arcing process. Fabrication of MWCNTs doped glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. Mechanical characterization of nano‐composites. Modeling of nano‐composites by Halpin‐Tsai equation. Fractrography of nano‐composites in details.

Preparation and investigation of mechanical behavior and characterization of AA7475/ZrO2/Gr hybrid MMC

In this study, the influence of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and graphite (Gr) on the mechanical behavior and characterization of Hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) is investigated. By using the stir casting method, the samples are prepared with aluminum alloy (AA7475) as matrix and 2, 3, and 4 weight percentages (wt%) of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) and graphite (Gr) as reinforcements. The synthesized composites were subjected to microstructural, density, porosity, yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and hardness were examined. Microstructural characteristics were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD pattern indicated the presence of the ZrO2 and Gr phases in HMM composites. By conducting a corrosion resistance test, the rate of corrosion for the HMMCs was determined. Furthermore, the Tafel plot curve was employed to probe the level of corrosion resistance. With an increase in ZrO2 the corrosion resistance increases whereas decline in ductility is noted. The HMMCs 3 sample exhibit superior physical and mechanical properties when compared to other HMMCs and base matrix. Tensile fractography was carried out to determine the various fracture mechanisms.

Synthesis of a356 alloy-variable particle sized boron carbide composites: investigations on mechanical behaviour and tensile fractography

Lightweight metal matrix composites made of aluminium are now essential in several fields, including aerospace and automotive. An important factor determining the quality and properties of the composite material is the ease or difficulty of evenly dispersing the reinforcement throughout the matrix. The goal of this research is to find out the impact of 40 and 90 µm varying- sized boron carbide (B4C) particles in A356 alloy composites. Using the liquid stir casting technique and K2TiF6 as the wetting flux, A356 alloy with 9 wt.% of B4C composites were prepared. SEM and EDS images were used to study the material’s microstructure. ASTM-approved methods were used to measure the material’s mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed that B4C particles were evenly distributed throughout the A356 alloy. The addition of B4C reinforcement to the A356 alloy matrix increased the hardness, ultimate, yield, compression, and impact strength of composites with a reinforcement size of 40 μm. The hardness of A356 alloy was enhanced by 40.7% and 34.6%, respectively, when 9 wt. % of 40 and 90 μm B4C were added. Similarly, there was a 34% increase in ultimate strength and a 31% improvement in yield strength. Both cases showed a little decrease in the ductility of the composites. Scanning electron micrographs were used to examine the morphologies of tensile fractured surfaces.

In situ localised post-weld heat treatment with electron beam welding of S690QL steel

The objective of this research is to assess the influence of in-situ localised electron beam post-weld heat treatment (LEB-PWHT) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength S690QL steel welded joints utilising highly sophisticated electron beam welding (EBW) technology. Although EBW is well-known for creating high-quality welds, the addition of the novel LEB-PWHT technique may significantly improve the characteristics of the welded joints. To systematically analyse the impacts of PWHT on the welded joints, the study employs microstructural analysis like optical microscopy and mechanical properties like microhardness testing, bending, tensile, and impact tests. Furthermore, tensile fractography analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to provide detailed insights into the fracture behaviour of the welded joints. The results show that the in-situ PWHT approach improves the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the welded joints, such as a lower hardness peak in the heat affected zone (HAZ), increased tensile strength (5%), and improved toughness by 7 times. LEB-PWHT fractured surface revealed smaller, more sharply defined dimples and micro-voids. These results suggest that in-situ PWHT is an attractive option for improving the quality and performance of welds in a wide range of applications incorporating S690QL steel.

Mechanical and corrosion properties of nano ZrC reinforced FeCrAl alloys

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of nano ZrC particles on the mechanical and electrochemical corrosion properties of FeCrAl alloys, providing a beneficial reference basis for the development of high-performance carbide reinforced FeCrAl alloys with good mechanical and corrosion properties in the future. Design/methodology/approach Nano ZrC reinforced FeCrAl alloys were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. Phases composition, tensile fractography, corrosion morphology and chemical composition of nano ZrC reinforced FeCrAl alloys were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. Microhardness and tensile properties of nano ZrC reinforced FeCrAl alloys were investigated by mechanical testing machine and Vickers hardness tester. Electrochemical corrosion properties of nano ZrC reinforced FeCrAl alloys were investigated by electrochemical workstation in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Findings The results showed that addition of nano ZrC can effectively improve the mechanical and corrosion properties. However, excessive nano ZrC could decrease the mechanical properties and reduce the corrosion resistance. In all the FeCrAl alloys, FeCrAl–0.6 wt.% ZrC alloy exhibits the optimum mechanical properties with an ultimate tensile strength, elongation and hardness of 990.7 MPa, 24.1% and 335.8 HV1, respectively, and FeCrAl–0.2 wt.% ZrC alloy has a lower corrosion potential (−0.179 V) and corrosion current density (2.099 µA/cm2) and larger pitting potential (0.497 V) than other FeCrAl–ZrC alloys, showing a better corrosion resistance. Originality/value Adding proper nano ZrC particles can effectively improve the mechanical and corrosion properties, while the excessive nano ZrC is harmful to the mechanical and corrosion properties of FeCrAl alloys, which provides an instruction to develop high-performance FeCrAl cladding materials.

Enhancing properties and sustainability: Surface modified Cymbopogon flexuosus stem fiber for green composite materials

AbstractThe lignocellulosic fiber has distinct capacities and properties from diverse perspectives. As there is a crucial need for the development of green products, many industries are racing to identify potential fibers for their products. This work focuses first on the property enhancement using chemical modification techniques for Cymbopogon flexuosus stem fiber (CFS), which is extracted from the waste residue of an oil industry. The chemically treated fibers resulted in higher cellulose (77.35%) and lower hemicellulose‐lignin contents (8.36% and 14.5%), which favors composite manufacturing. Morphological analysis on the fiber surface through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) evidenced the surface was rough, and a single fiber tensile test reveals an average tensile strength of 635 ± 4.5 MPa. Further x‐ray diffraction examination verified the existence of semi‐crystalline cellulose with a size of 14.32 nm and a higher crystallinity index of 55.17%. Secondly, to explore fiber prospective qualities against the commercially available bio‐composite, epoxy resin‐based composites were prepared by varying the weight and length of fiber reinforced. The surface‐modified CFS epoxy composite has the highest tensile strength (77.71 MPa), tensile modulus (5.26 Gpa), flexural strength (87.4 MPa), flexural modulus (1.85 GPa), hardness (64 HRRW), and impact strength (9.31 J/cm2). The thermogravimetric analyses were evaluated to assess their weight loss under heat influence. Tensile fractography was also investigated to establish the structure–property relationship between the composite and fiber. Thus, unique fiber was identified as an ecologically benign and economically viable raw material to build lightweight green materials for industrial applications.Highlights Studies explores the potential of CFSF, which is typically an industrial waste. Chemical modification reveals the enhancement of properties. Identifies optimum parameters that enhance composite properties. This aligns with the broader trend of sustainable and green manufacturing.

Effects of welding chamber height on properties of porthole die extrudates made of 0.5 wt.% GNPs/Al composite

In this study, porthole die extrusion was first performed on a 0.5 wt% GNP-nanoplatelet-reinforced aluminium matrix composite by using welding chambers having heights of 10, 15, and 20 mm. The effects of the welding chamber height on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite in the welding zone were studied. The observation results show that there are no macroscopic defects in the interface of the extrudate by the die with different welding chamber heights. The welding degree and ductility of the longitudinal weld of the extrudate increase with the increase of the height of the welding chamber. When the welding chamber height was 20 mm, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the composite along the extrusion direction and the vertical direction were the best. This was mainly because a higher hydrostatic pressure and shear force in the welding chamber with the height of 20 mm increased the recrystallisation degree of the composite, resulting in smaller sizes and an even distribution of the GNP and alumina nanoparticles inside the grain, which played positive role in hindering the dislocation slip. Further, the interface strength between GNP and the matrix was also enhanced characterized by the light and sharp tearing edge in the tensile fractography. The presence of GNP hindered the closure of micro-holes in the weld, and an increase in the welding chamber height effectively reduced the size of micro-holes, thereby improving the welding quality. So larger welding chamber height should be recommended without sacrificing stability and life of the die.

Effect of Boron Carbide Particles Addition on the Mechanical and Wear Behavior of Aluminium Alloy Composites

In this research, synthesis and assessment of the mechanical and wear possessions of Al7049-nano B4C composites are determined by experiments. Using the liquid metallurgy route, a stir casting technique was used to create composites with increasing concentrations of nano B4C from 3 to 9 weight %. Each composite’s reinforcement particles were heated to 400 degrees Celsius before being added to the molten Al7049 alloy in two separate steps, i.e., two-stage stir casting to optimise wettability and distribution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilised to examine the microstructure, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was utilised to determine the elemental make-up. Mechanical characteristics of composites were determined by subjecting them to tensile, compression, and hardness tests. Wear tests were conducted as per ASTM G99 standards with varying loads and speeds. Nanosized B4C particles were found to be dispersed throughout the sample space in a microstructural analysis. Hardness, ultimate strength, yield strength, and compression strength of Al7049 alloy composites were found to increase significantly as the weight percentage of nano B4C was increased. Additionally, compared to the unreinforced form, the ductility of the Al7049 alloy composites was slightly reduced. SEM micrographs of tensile-fractured specimens were used for research into the field of tensile fractography. Nano B4C reinforced composites exhibited superior wear resistance as compared to Al7049 alloy. These prepared composites can be used for wing root fitting of an aircraft.

Impact of Silicon Carbide Particles Weight Percentage on the Microstructure, Mechanical Behaviour, and Fractography of Al2014 Alloy Composites

The microstructure, mechanical characteristics, and tensile fractography of Al2014 alloy reinforced composites with 5 and 10% wt. % of 150 to 160 micron-sized SiC particles were investigated in this study. The melt stir process was used to make composites comprising 5 and 10% SiC particles in the Al2014 alloy. To increase the wettability between Al matrix SiC particles, SiC particles were warmed to 300 degrees Celsius before being disseminated into the Al2014 alloy matrix in two phases. SEM, EDS, and XRD were used to examine the specimens micro-structurally. ASTM standards were used to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of micro SiC particles reinforced Al alloy composites with a content of 5 to 10%. SEM and EDS microstructural tests revealed the existence and dissemination of micro SiC particles in the Al2014 matrix. The addition of 5 and 10% weight % of micro SiC particles to Al2014 alloy improved its hardness, ultimate, yield, and compression strength. With the addition of 10 wt. % of SiC, the hardness, ultimate strength, yield strength, and compression strength of Al2014 alloy improved to 15.96%, 35.2%, 43.8%, and 38.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of SiC particles reduced the ductility of Al2014 alloy. SEM microphotographs were used to examine the manufactured Al2014 with SiC composites for tensile fracture analysis, revealing the various mechanisms intricate in tensile fracture.

Influence of Ceramic Particle Size and Weight Percentage on the Mechanical Behavior and Tensile Fractography of Boron Carbide Reinforced Al2618 Alloy Composites

Influence of Ceramic Particle Size and Weight Percentage on the Mechanical Behavior and Tensile Fractography of Boron Carbide Reinforced Al2618 Alloy Composites

Mechanical Characterization and Tensile Fractography of Al7075-WCP-CoP Composite

The demand for materials with an unusual combination of properties has increased tremendously at a level that cannot be attained through the use of conventional materials. This is especially true for materials used in aircraft, automotive and power generation applications. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al7075 – 6, 9 and 12 wt.% WC-Co particles reinforced composites are shown in this study. Liquid metallurgy is used to create the composites. The planetary ball milling method is utilized to turn the WC-Co mixtures into cermets, and the particles with a size range of 30-40 µm are employed as reinforcement. SEM and EDS analyses were used to characterise the microstructure. ASTM standards are used to test the mechanical characteristics of both as cast Al7075 and Al7075-6, 9 and 12 wt.% WC-Co composites. SEM was used to perform fractography study on the prepared composite.

Experimental investigation of tensile fractography and wear properties of Al-12.5Si alloy reinforced with ZrO2 using spray deposition method

To improve the wear resistance of Al–12.5Si alloy, various percentage of zirconium oxide as reinforcement particles were used to produce metal matrix composites by spray deposition method. First, the developed metal matrix composites were subjected to dry sliding wear test using pin-on-disk apparatus under 60 N normal load with sliding velocity of 4.5 m/s at room conditions (∼28 °C and ∼60% relative humidity). The experimental results showed that the wear resistance of the developed composite can be optimized using a proper flight distance. In order to model the correlation between the wear properties and applied load, flight distance and sliding velocity of the metal matrix composites, a neural network model with genetic algorithm was developed. Second, the spray forming parameters such as flight distance, gas pressure, melt temperature and ZrO2 reinforcements were examined experimentally and analyse the insight on mechanical properties. Central composite design (CCD) with response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for selecting experimental matrix and latter perform detailed analysis. ZrO2 reinforcements and gas pressure showed major contribution, whereas negligible contributions with melt temperature and flight distance on hardness and UTS. The developed non-linear models for both responses showed similar effects and confirmed their relationship appears linear with good correlation coefficient equal to 0.978. The non-linear models derived empirical equations ensures accurate prediction with ten experimental cases equal to 1.21% for hardness and 6.09% for UTS, respectively. Multiple objective particle swarm optimization based crowding distance (MOPSO-CD) method integrated with desirability function approach (DFA) to determine the optimal spray forming conditions for achieving maximum hardness and UTS. The weights (0.05 for hardness and 0.95 for UTS) which ensures highest desirability value equal to 0.9958, and corresponding optimal spray forming conditions (melt temperature: 798 °C, flight distance: 0.35 m, gas pressure: 0.97 MPa and ZrO2 reinforcements: 11.6%) resulted in highest hardness of 80.4 HV and UTS of 173.2 MPa, respectively.

Investigation of mechanical properties and free vibration behavior of graphene/basalt nano filler banana/sisal hybrid composite

This research work addresses the influence of graphene and basalt filler on mechanical properties and free vibration behavior of banana/sisal hybrid composite. Banana/sisal hybrid composites were prepared with three weight percentage (wt.%), 6 wt.% of graphene, and basalt filler by a compression molding process. The improvement in tensile strength of 24.8% and 30% was noticed for the basalt (6 wt.%) and graphene (6 wt.%) filler addition, respectively. Comparing with basalt addition, graphene addition provides an 1.5 times improvement in flexural strength. The tensile fractography was also carried out and studied the interfacial bonding of the composite. From the morphology, it was observed that there was a good interfacial adhesion between the fiber and the matrix which enhance the mechanical property of the hybrid composite. The free vibrational behavior of the hybrid composite has also been analyzed. The modal analysis shows the enhanced natural frequencies and modal damping for the addition of 6 wt.% of graphene filler in the hybrid composite.

Combining effect of annealing and reinforcement content on mechanical behavior of multi-walled CNT reinforced AA5052 composites

The large requirement of materials to enhance the overall performance of aerospace and automobile components focused the researchers on developing aluminum metal matrix composite (MMC) materials. This work deals with the fabrication of aluminum MMCs reinforcing with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) produced by a low-cost stir casting process. The tensile strength and micro-hardness tests were carried out to study the mechanical behavior of the composites. Moreover, the microstructural observation was also analysed with the help of FESEM and XRD analysis. The composites were subjected to annealing heat treatment process to investigate the mechanical strength. It was observed that with the reinforcement of CNT, the aluminum alloy composites exhibited superior mechanical properties as compared with the base alloy whereas annealing reduced the mechanical properties of the composites as compared to the as-casted condition for each composition of CNT content. Moreover, the tensile fractography was also characterized in terms of equiaxed dimples, CNT pull-out, matrix cracking on the fracture surfaces.

Studies on mechanical behaviour and tensile fractography of boron carbide particles reinforced Al8081 alloy advanced metal composites

Metal composites are advanced materials in the field of automotive and aero applications like wing root fittings of an aircraft. Al8081 alloy with 3 and 6 wt% of micro B4C composites were produced with vortex process. The prepared Al8081 with micro B4C composites were microstructural characterized by SEM micrographs. Further, mechanical behaviors of these composites were studied to know the influence of boron carbide particles on hardness and tensile properties of Al8081 alloy. SEM micrographs revealed the uniform distribution of particles in the Al8081 matrix. The hardness of Al8081 alloy was enhanced with the addition of B4C particles. Ultimate and yield strengths were improved with the incorporation of hard boron carbide particles with slight decrease in ductility. Tensile fractured surfaces revealed the ductile mode of fracture in Al8081 alloy and B4C added composites exhibited both ductile and brittle nature of fracture.

Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Characterization of Bamboo Fiber and Rice Husk/MWCNT Filler Epoxy Hybrid Composite

Recent trends utilizing recycled materials from around the world aim to improve a wide range of industrial and domestic applications. The natural fiber/filler matrix is used to evaluate the mechanical qualities of the hybrid nanocomposites. The specific concentration is dealing with a bidirectional bamboo fiber mat/rice husk particle/MWCNT blend with epoxy composite. The experimental work plan to execute with the three different proportional composites was as follows: bamboo fiber mat constant loading for all the specimens, but the filler particle ratio will be varied, prominently rice husk particle concentrated for all the three specimens: 5%, 10%, and 15%, and additionally, MWCNT drawn two specific specimens (2 and 3): 0.5% and 1% based on the fiber/filler concentration balanced the epoxy resin. The research presented here is hybrid nanocomposite experimented with thermal, mechanical, and morphological characterization. Thermal conductivity measured by Lee’s disc method is observed at 0.2577 W/mK for specimen 3. The tensile and flexural properties are higher for 0.5% MWCNT concentration (specimen 2): 42.66 MPa and 54.72 MPa, respectively. The maximum impact strength is reached at 1% MWCNT concentration (specimen 3). Bamboo fiber and rice husk filler matrix composite (specimen 1) reached extremities shore‐D hardness 84. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to examine the morphological characteristics of the tensile fractography specimen and analyzed the dispersion of the fiber/filler matrix adhesion of the surface. The bamboo fiber mat/rice husk/MWCNT (specimen 3) filler had better binding and observed fewer fiber pull‐out, fiber fracture, fiber extension, and voids. In the graphic comparison, 0.5% MWCNT achieved more mechanical properties than the other two combinations.

Evaluation of mechanical behaviour and tensile failure analysis of 8 wt.% of nano B4C particles reinforced Al2214 alloy nano composites

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2214-8 wt.% of 500 nm sized B4C particles reinforced composites were studied in this study. By using a liquid metallurgical process, composites containing 8 wt.% of B4C in Al2214 alloy were created. To increase the wettability and dispersion of the composites, fortification particles were warmed to 300 °C and then added in groups of two into the vortex of liquid Al2214 alloy compound. ASTM standards were used to analyse the mechanical characteristics of Al2214 alloy and Al2214-8 wt.% of B4C composites. The distribution and presence of nano B4C particles in the Al2214 alloy matrix were confirmed by microstructural analysis using SEM and EDS. XRD patterns indicated the presence of the B4C phases in Al2214 alloy composites. The addition of 8 wt.% of B4C particles to Al2214 alloy improved its hardness, ultimate, yield, and compression strength. Furthermore, the presence of B4C particles reduced the ductility of the Al2214 alloy. The tested materials were subjected to tensile fractography to determine the various fracture mechanisms.

Reinforcing effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on microstructure and mechanical behavior of AA5052 composites assisted by in-situ TiC particles

In this research, the synergistic effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and in-situ synthesized titanium carbide (TiC) on the mechanical performance of aluminum hybrid composites were studied. The microstructural characterization involving the influence of both titanium carbide and carbon nanotubes was investigated. The reinforcing effects of both titanium carbide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the micro-hardness, tensile strength, and impact strength of the composites were also investigated. The microstructures of the fractured tensile and impact test surfaces were examined through FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope). Clear peaks of titanium carbide (TiC) and aluminum carbide (Al4C3) were observed in the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The micro-hardness of the aluminum composites was significantly improved after the reinforcement with CNT and TiC. The highest ultimate tensile strength and yield strength were found with Al–9%TiC-1%MWCNT and are equal to 206.44 MPa and 136.15 MPa, respectively, whereas a 16% decrease in the impact strength of Al–9%TiC-1%MWCNT was witnessed when compared to base alloy. The effects, such as CNT pull-out, CNT bridging was seen from tensile fractography of the composites. Further, the crack initiation from the pull-out cavity was also assumed to affect the fracture mechanism. Cleavage facets were associated both with the impact and tensile fracture surfaces of the composites. With the superior mechanical properties obtained, the aluminum hybrid composite can be replaced for different structural applications.