Tendency Of Workers Research Articles

Eating Duration throughout a Rotating Shift Schedule: A Case Study

Objective The impact of the rotation between different shifts and free days within a short period of time on the food consumption is poorly addressed in the literature. Our objective was to characterize the eating duration (ED) over 10 d of clockwise rotating and to associate it with the intake of energy and macronutrients. Methods Thirty male shift-workers from a mining company were evaluated over a complete rotation shift schedule of 10 consecutive days (2 d of morning shifts, 2 d of afternoon shifts, 24 h free-day, 2 d of night shifts, and three free days). ED was defined as the interval between the first meal after awaking and last meal before sleep onset. Sleep/wake periods and food intake were evaluated by actigraphy and 24 h recalls, respectively. Generalized models were used to analyze the variation in ED and its association with nutrient intake over the shift schedule. Results ED periods showed significant variations throughout shift rotation and were associated with energy intake. The highest energy intake (3410 ± 235 kcal) and longest ED (20.7 ± 1.2 h) were found on Day 5, the day between afternoon and night shifts, and a part of Day 6 (night shift), i.e., in the longest period of wakefulness and the shortest sleep duration (4.7 ± 0.3 h) (p < 0.05 for all). The lowest energy intake (1284 ± 125 kcal) and shortest ED (4.96 ± 0.7 h) (p < 0.05) occurred after the last night shift (Day 7). The balance between the percentage of macronutrients did not differ statistically between the ED periods. Conclusions In general, longer periods of wakefulness showed greater energy intake, demonstrating the tendency of workers to eat around the clock during their shift. Even with the energy intake variation, the balance of macronutrients remained the same over the ED periods. Despite the need of confirmation in future studies, these results suggest that the management of ED period could be considered in the nutritional approach of shift workers.

The Analysis of Vertical Mismatch and Manufacturing Labor Wage by Using Cramer's V Method

As the leading sector of the national economy through its contribution, the manufacturing industry sector in Indonesia was precisely filled with the dominance of vertical mismatch or mismatch between education levels and types of work based on the 2015 National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas). The negative effects of vertical mismatch have an impact on the low wages earned by labor because investment at the education level is not maximally used when working. This paper aims to study the tendency of vertical mismatch to labor wages in the manufacturing industry sector by training, education level, region, &amp; generation using descriptive analysis methods (crosstabulation &amp; graphics) and Cramer's V to see the correlation with August 2015 Sakernas data. The results of research with the total sample of 1,259 workers shows that vertical mismatch is significantly related to labor wage with the tendency of workers who are overqualified to face low wages. In addition, overqualified workers occur in all regions of Indonesia with the characteristics of younger generations and Diploma IV / S1 graduates. The conclusion of this paper is that industrial labors in Indonesia are still classified as overqualified and experience low wages. The efforts that need to be done are improving the skills of workers through training so as to have a positive effect on mismatch workers to obtain higher wages.

Resuscitating businessman risk: A rationale for familiarity-based portfolios

This paper studies two frequently observed portfolio behaviors that are seemingly inconsistent with rational portfolio choice. The first is the tendency of workers and entrepreneurs to hold their companyʼs stock. The second is the propensity of workers to limit their equity holdings through time. The explanation offered here for both of these behaviors lies in the option to switch jobs when oneʼs company does poorly. This is equivalent to holding put options on oneʼs own company stock and call options on the other companyʼs stock, where both options must be exercised at the same time. Given these initial undiversified implicit financial holdings, workers need to allocate a relatively large share of their regular financial assets to their own companyʼs stock and a relatively small share to the stock of their alternative employment simply to restore overall portfolio balance. Although this effect can only create some hedging demand for companyʼs stock, it is a factor of potentially major import for assessing the suitability of workersʼ financial decisions. I find that, under certain conditions, workers optimally hold almost 40% of their financial wealth in their companyʼs stock.

Resuscitating Businessman Risk: A Rationale For Familiarity-Based Portfolios

This paper studies two frequently observed portfolio behaviors that are seemingly inconsistent with rational portfolio choice. The first is the tendency of workers and entrepreneurs to hold their company's stock. The second is the propensity of workers to limit their equity holdings through time. The explanation offered here for both of these behaviors lies in the option to switch jobs when one's company does poorly. This is equivalent to holding put options on one's own company stock and call options on the other company's stock, where both options must be exercised at the same time. Given these initial undiversified implicit financial holdings, workers need to allocate a relatively large share of their regular financial assets to their own company's stock and a relatively small share to the stock of their alternative employment simply to restore overall portfolio balance. Although this effect can only create some hedging demand for company's stock, it is a factor of potentially major import for assessing the suitability of workers' financial decisions. I find that, under certain conditions, workers optimally hold almost 40% of their financial wealth in their company's stock.

Measuring Rational and Organizational-Political Planning Activities of Community Organization Workers

Social planning in community organization work reflects two dominant planning styles-a rational style and an organizational-political style. Drawing upon literature from related disciplines, this article describes the development of an expert test that identified indices for the measurement of rational planning activity on the one hand, and organizational-political planning activity on the other. These indices were then applied to investigate the patterns of planning activities of a sample of 138 community organization workers in Israel. The findings show varying tendencies of workers in implementing planning activities, and indicate a lack of homogenous consolidated task patterns. Workers also were found to focus more on traditional planning activities than upon activities based on new knowledge. The findings underscore the importance of identifying factors which influence the tendency of workers to engage in planning activities in the two styles, rational and organizational-political.

An Economic Analysis of Factor Usage and Workplace Regulation: Reply

Safety in the workplace has long been a subject of interest for economists. Much of this attention has focused on the presence of risks on the job and the tendency of workers (and others) to underestimate these risks. Adam Smith [16, 96-7] notes this optimism and, as George Stigler [19] points out, Jevons felt that workplace hazards were ignored by those most directly concerned. This lack of faith in the market to provide adequate safety (or to compensate those who face such risks) is evident in the law regulating the workplace primarily Workers' Compensation (WC) and the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). These policies are-in the judgment of many modern economists--justified by the misperception of risks [5; 12; 13]. However, other economists have argued that despite their intentions, such laws may not have one of the primary effects they are directed to accomplish: the reduction of workplace accidents.' Relatively little research has been devoted to another aspect of safety regulation its cost -perhaps because these costs are thought to be very small.2 It is on this issue that this paper focuses; what is the impact of workplace regulation on firm decision making? To accomplish this, a model is developed in section II which examines the impact on a firm's factor choices attributable to the imposition of workplace safety regulation. The theory examines WC and OSHA, both singly and jointly, and their effects on the level of and changes in relative factor usage. These considerations form the bulk of section III. This model yields some interesting conclusions about the effects of regulation in the workplace. The primary implication of the theory is that all increases in safety are paid for through lowered output and factor employment. Moreover, this result holds true whether the additional safety is the product of direct safety regulation (OSHA) or through indirect forms of regulation (like WC). These results are possibly more striking given the findings of empirical work done on the impact of WC and OSHA on safety. This body of research has, to

The Measurement of Daily Variations in Absence

Mr Liddell, who is a member of the Statistical Organisation of the National Coal Board, proposes an index for measuring the tendency of workers to be absent on one day of the week rather than another, and discusses the statistical reliability of his index. He bases his investigations on data obtained from a colliery.