Architectural Tendencies Research Articles

Domy przyszłości. Paralele pomiędzy futurystyczną poetyką i architekturą – na wybranych przykładach z twórczości Wielimira Chlebnikowa

The subject of the article is to investigate the influence of futuristic architectural concepts on the work of the Russian cubofuturist Velimir Khlebnikov. The theme of the presence in the poet’s formal poetry of elements convergent with an organic tendency in design and architecture, developed in the circles of Russian constructivists, is of particular importance here. The research material consists of both poetic and journalistic-prose texts, in which the author directly refers not only to urban architecture, but also shows a deep understanding of the essence of the phenomena of the city and home. The research showed the relationship between the form of the text and its semantic potential in imaging urban space. The work in its empirical part is focused on theoretical and literary research, with particular emphasis on the analysis of versification patterns of poems.

Efficient and optimum design of native architecture – A means for sustainability. Case study of Residential units in Kottar, Kanyakumari

The present architectural tendencies for the design of residential units are primarily focused on aesthetics and structural stability. It needs more thought to the occupants' experience of the space. Native architecture develops from knowledge collected over many generations. It includes key architectural factors like orientation, shape, material, and structural layout. The interplay of these design criteria with the demands of the inhabitants responds to the structural, sociocultural, and climatic factors, resulting in an effective and ideal sustainable design. In December 2021, an empirical investigation was conducted in 10 indigenous residential units in Kottar, Nagercoil, which is a city in the Kanyakumari district.The measured factors were based on how people perceive the space, which included air temperature, air velocity, building materials, construction technique, and space utilisation. A quantitative and qualitative study of the measured variable, highlights the sophisticated design and planning involved in indigenous architecture. The impact of spatial planning, envelope design, building features, opening design, materials, shape, and orientation on air temperature and movement was investigated. The findings emphasise the necessity of thermal zone management, delayed heat transmission owing to high thermal mass, controlling heat transfer from the roof through the intermediate ceiling and arranging openings along the courtyard axis. The analysis determined the factors in the design that affect how the inhabitants perceive the space. These identified factors and their impact contain the potential to improve the process of architectural design and planning.

Synthetic biology enabling a shift from domination to partnership with natural space

Synthetic biology is a field of science that examines biological systems through the lens of engineering with the explicit objective of rationally designing live objects for either fundamental or biotechnological purposes. Yet, the same conceptual frame also embodies its exact counterpart: the biologization of engineering, i.e., looking at rationally designed systems through the lens – and with the tools – of biology and evolution. Such a creative tension between technology-driven design and biological processes has one of the most conspicuous battlegrounds in modern architecture. Such an edge occurs in a time dominated by the evidence of climate change, ramping environmental deterioration, and the ensuing instability and mass migrations. The most recent influences of biology in architecture have moved from the adoption of biologically inspired shapes and forms in many types of buildings to the incorporation of new biomaterials (often functionalized with qualities of interest) as assembly blocks, to the amalgamation of live materials with other construction items. Yet, the possibility opened by synthetic biology to redesign biological properties à la carte, including large-scale developmental programs, also unlocks the opportunity to rethink our interplay with space, not as one more step in the way of domination, but as a win-win conversation with the natural environment. While various contemporary architectural tendencies clearly move in that direction, we propose a radical approach–exemplified in the so-called Biosynthetic Towers Project–in which complex buildings are designed and erected entirely through biological programming rather than assembled through standard construction technology. To make this scenario a reality, we need not only tackle a dedicated research agenda in the synthetic biology side, but also develop a new attentive mindset toward the environment, not as a space to be conquered for our exclusive own sake, but as one scenario of sustainable co-existence with the rest of the natural world.

Analysis of Origami Applications within the Scope of Kinetic Architecture

In the past three or four decades, scientists working in computer science, physics and mathematics have had significant research studies on origami. Currently, most of the articles and books that can be reached by designers or architects describe and deal with the subject through mathematical expressions. It does not seem possible for a reader who is not related to mathematics to understand what is explained in articles and books. Therefore, folding systems have been basically classified to make the subject more understandable for designers. Examples of kinetic architectural products that act with origami principles were evaluated through folding and building hierarchy concepts. The matrix has been generated to visualize the distribution of the characteristics and to display architectural tendencies. By the visualization of data, it becomes possible to examine the potential outputs of desired folding technique on the existing projects. Thus, the matrix guides designers to select a folding technique that meets the function. It can be mentioned that the proposed method can be attributed as a novel perspective for predesign phase of origami-based elements. Thanks to the matrix, the areas that have not been studied in architectural applications such as flexible foldings are demonstrated. Also, the relationship between building concept levels and movement motivations such as configuration and compactness has been revealed by the study. The findings and the matrix demonstrate that there are still many possibilities that can be studied.

The Emirati Vernacular: Tracing the UAE’s Art History through Architecture as a Reflection of Society

While past studies have considered the relationship between art and architecture, art and society, or society and architecture, few consider all three, let alone when discussing these subjects in the United Arab Emirates. This article presents the evolution of the art scene in that country’s three largest emirates, from its foundation as a federation through today, as a reflection of local societal truths. Since its early days, each concerned emirate—Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Sharjah, has developed an art scene unique from the others, and each one has been housed in different kinds of mostly vernacular—though sometimes academic—architecture. Through data collection of the various types of architecture employed in each emirate, this article explores possible reasons why each state has its own art scene, and what can explain this phenomenon. Abu Dhabi, the wealthy capital, has “starchitect” designed institutions; the more avant-garde Dubai employs recycled industrial hangars (or structures made to look as such); while the more traditional Sharjah repurposes historical structures for artistic use. Over time, each emirate begins to borrow different architectural tendencies hitherto mostly seen in the other states, demonstrative of the constant competition the three emirates have with each other. Beyond the local implications, these structures provide a rich discussion on what is considered vernacular in a modern context, as well as where the definition of one stops and the other begins.

Bibliometric analysis of water at the intersection of environmental psychology and biophilic design

Abstract Water is the subject of study in many scientific fields. The relationship between water and space in architecture is connected with environmental psychology and biophilic design. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the research related to water at the intersection of environmental psychology and biophilic design, to identify current research gaps and primary authors and concepts. The method applied herein is biblio-metric analysis with the science mapping technique, covering the documents held on Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The keywords environmental psychology, biophilic design, and water are selected for the systematically analysed scan performed in Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection databases. After collecting the bibliometric data of a total of 292 documents from the databases on 1 May 2022, the downloaded .csv and .txt data files were transferred to VOSviewer (1.6.18.0). Firstly, descriptive data was examined on the Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection databases. Secondly, visualizations were created via the science mapping techniques by VOSviewer. The selected bibliometric analysis with science mapping techniques represents co-authorship data by the authors, co-occurrences data by author keywords, citation data by documents, co-citation data by the cited references, and co-citation data by the cited authors. As a result, twelve primary authors and five concepts have been identified. The concepts for the gaps are biophilic design, biophilia, emotional design, perception, and architectural design. The critical result is that in the approach to the relationship between space and water in architecture, biophilic design has been found to be a more recent field than environmental psychology. So, the concepts ascertained in this study – and especially the newly established combinations with the biophilic architecture– are going to have a growing tendency in architecture.

The Significance of Frank O. Gehry’s Museums in Contemporary Museum Design Methodology

Modern museums were born because of the spatial composition program, exhibition techniques, and the diversification of architectural styles. Frank Gehry is an architect pursuing extreme forms and thinks modern box-shaped architecture is bland and lacks feeling/passion/love. This paper aims to examine the characteristics and meaning of the museums designed by Gehry, Gehry's unique architectural view, and the elements of his museum designs. As a methodology, the classification of modern museums in Newhouse's "Towards a New Museum “and trends in modern museum architecture are classified into six categories in Montaner's book "Museums for the 21st Century," which are used as a framework for comparative analysis to point out the characteristics of the Gary Museum and derive the location and meaning in modern museum architecture. The result shows that his architectural tendencies of fragmentation and duality are applied to the Gary Museum, revealing complex characteristics in terms of composition by contrasting combinations of formality and irregularity in materials and forms. The intricate design of the Gary Museum reveals its strong presence by creating a sculptural museum that encourages a four-dimensional experience both inside and outside. It was statistically proven that the above characteristics of the Gary Museum represent an aspect of the modern museum that is becoming a popular entertainment medium. A relaxed and comfortable exhibition environment was promoted by weakening the excessive rigidity in the exhibition space through the changeable ceiling treatment. Gary's museums were born between radical experimentalism and a pragmatic professional temperament.

Platforms for Dwelling

Under contemporary capitalism and platform urbanism, domesticity distorts to take on new forms. Dwelling is simultaneously decentralised and re-distributed via digital and urban networks. This article argues that these new forms of dwelling necessitate new modes of critique – ones primed for this networked, spatially distributed condition. It proposes to supplement typological and topographical approaches to dwelling with the more ‘anexactly rigorous’ relational cartography offered by the field of topology. The article begins with an outline of topology, drawing on mathematics, philosophy and geography towards a reconceptualisation of architecture as a boundary-drawing apparatus. The topological condition of modern dwelling is then retraced as a genealogy of interpenetrating edifices, mediating membranes, and prosthetic equipment, which have prefigured present-day formations of domesticity. The second half of the article trains this topological lens onto three architectural tendencies in response to platform urbanism: convivial arrangements of networked living, commoning platforms and thresholds, and counter-protocols of distributed domesticity. Through unpacking these trajectories, the article illustrates the potential that a topological approach engenders via new modes of mapping, critiquing, resisting and subverting the unequally distributed agency and power underlying the circuits of platform urbanism.

The effect of building attributes on the energy performance at a scale: an inferential analysis

ABSTRACT The commitments to mitigate the negative impacts associated with final energy use stipulate the increase of energy efficiency of the built environment. This is the focus of urban energy policies and of built stock energy models that aid them. The complexities behind the phenomenon, however, hinder the development of the means for controlling and unbiased modelling. Such tasks necessitate the empirical evidence of causal relationships between architectural and technical attributes and building energy performance at the population level. This study, therefore, elaborates on the methods of inferential statistics for establishing such causal effects. The focus is on the methods of frequentist inference, active use of which may advance the understanding of the phenomenon and foster more accurate modelling practices. The case study examines the energy performance exhibited by distinct configurations of construction periods, envelope materials, sources of energy for space heating and the ventilation system types. The empirical sample consists of more than 11,000 records registered in the Norwegian energy performance certification system. The results document the effects and their significance. These methods are applicable in any urban context and may provide the empirical basis for promoting/discouraging certain technological and architectural tendencies, and simulating the phenomena through probabilistic programming.

Safe Haven—Bath House and Library by the Burmese Border

This study gives an overview of contemporary vernacular tendencies in Thai architecture. The research includes ecological, economical, ergonomic and cultural aspects, and the aim is to find a possible future direction for architectural design that is able to incorporate local features and follow traditions yet apply them in a contemporary way. As an example, a case study was carried out about a project realized in Safe Haven Orphanage in Thailand. It consists of two small-scale buildings designed and constructed by TYIN Tegnestue Architects, Sami Rintala and Hans Skotte, together with volunteers and the local community, and they are great examples of a community building “healing architecture”. Due to their aesthetics, their ecological and sustainable approach and their structures, they can provide cultural continuity, which is key for the organic evaluation of regional architecture.

Architectural sculpture in Italy as a compositional method. From impressions to principles

Questo saggio deriva dalla rielaborazione di una lezione tenuta al Workshop “Presenze scultoree”, del CSAC di Parma il 23 luglio 2016. La lezione intitolata “Lo scultoreo architettonico” partiva dall’ipotesi che in alcuni esempi di architetture del Novecento esistesse un atteggiamnto progettuale architettonico che tendesse alla scultura pur senza raggiungerla. Dal Razionalismo e per tutto il Novecento sono individuati esempi architettonici che possono, per differenti caratteri, essere annoverati come “scultoreo architettonico”. La tesi, ha successivamente aperto il campo ad una riflessione più approfondita sul rapporto tra architettura e scultura e soprattutto su alcuni elementi comuni della composizione in architettura e in scultura nonché su alcune derive dell’architettura nel porsi come puro atto formale.

The Changes in Thermal Transmittance of Window Insulating Glass Units Depending on Outdoor Temperatures in Cold Climate Countries

Windows, which have a U-value that is governed by an insulating glass unit (IGU) U-value, must be a building’s only enclosure element, which has no design value concept. The declared U-value, which is calculated or measured with 0 °C of external ambient temperature, is used instead of the design value. For most of a building’s elements, its thermal transmittance with a decrease in the external temperature diminishes a little, i.e., improves. However, for modern window IGUs with Low-E coatings, it is the opposite: the thermal transmittance with a lowering external temperature increases. Therefore, for calculating the peak power for the heating of buildings it is necessary to pay attention to this phenomenon and, therefore, it would be wise to introduce the concept of design U-value for windows, recalculation rules, or affix their declared U-values. This is especially the case in modern times with the prevailing architectural tendencies for enlargement of transparent building elements. For IGUs with Low-E coatings and inert gas fillers, the thermal transmittance depends on the temperature difference between warm and cold environments. When the external temperature is −30 °C instead of 0 °C, the thermal transmittance of the IGU can increase by up to 35%. This study presents the thermal properties of windows’ IGUs depending on the changes in outdoor temperatures by using guarded a hot box climate chamber and presents the proposed simplified methodology for determining the thermal properties of windows’ glass units. The accuracy of the composed simplified methods, comparing the calculated thermal transmittances of IGUs with those measured in the “hot box”, were up to 1.25%.

National Tendency in Church Building in the South of Russia from the Middle of the 19<sup>th</sup> to the Beginning of the 20<sup>th</sup> Centuries

The study is dedicated to the church architecture of South of Russia in the 19th and early 20th centuries. South Russia represents one of the most multi-ethnic and culturally and religiously complex regions of Russia. National character thus occupies a central tendency of its church architecture. Through exploring the evolution of Orthodox church construction in the 19th to early 20th centuries, the study presents evidence of how the national expression in church architecture of South Russia developed. Both preserved and lost churches within the administrative boundaries of the Southern Federal District are considered in the study. The study builds on the theoretical basis of in-depth research on the topic, including in articles and monographs by: Borisova E. A., Kirichenko E. I., Prutsyn O. I., Slavina T. A., Shenkov A. S., Lisovsky V. The study expands existing scholarship through a detailed description of religious objects and focuses on "style" and influences. The investigation of influences on the national tendency of the church architecture of South Russia in the chosen period contributes additional material to the understanding of a difficult period in the history of Russian architecture. The question of national tendencies in architecture has received renewed interest from architects, primarily from those who work in the domain of church architecture. This makes the study’s contribution timely. Research methodology included the analysis of theoretical works and archival material. The study includes historical and contemporary illustrations collected by the author during field trips around the region

Natural Materials in Contemporary Low-Tech Architecture

Contemporary tendencies of sustainable and energy-efficient architecture imply an urgent reconsideration of society’s relationship to nature. Nowadays, building technology demands a responsible approach to construction that involves fostering of low-tech architecture, as an alternative to high-tech architecture. Those are current challenges that architects and the building technology face to improve the application of natural materials in architecture. The necessity for advancement and contemporary usage of building materials as wood, stone, soil, straw, natural insulation materials have also resulted in the increasingly present low-tech architecture. This research aims to delineate through several contemporary case studies how serious global problems related to the energy and environmental crisis are increasingly reflected in the intention towards the use of natural materials in the architectural design. These contemporary designs implement innovative solutions of natural materials in the case of building envelopes, construction details or structural elements. The comparative analytical method involves a critical reflection on the integration of natural materials between traditional vernacular application and its contemporary innovative solutions. These contemporary precedents represent diverse design approaches that reinforce the importance of environmental and ecologically responsible design. Current problems related to the energy and environmental crisis highly influence the underlying design concepts and final building design. The contemporary usage of natural materials as a building resource indicates the evolving advancement and re-evaluation of an ecologically responsible architecture. Whereas the contemporary ways of integrating natural materials carry universal values which originate from the principles of vernacular architecture.

TRANSITION ZONE IN SELJUQ DOME CHAMBERS

Architecturally, the Seljuqs' dominion makes a significant shift from the Pre-Islamic Sassanid squinches into a sophisticated transition mechanism employed to change the walls of a square chamber to an octagonal base to set a dome. It initiated a new construction methodology to hybridize the previous experiences of Sassanid domes with new architectural tendencies since the prior understanding of the transition zone was a makeshift in quality. It is not consistent enough for future architectural adventures in creating larger structures. Although a cursory investigation of transition zones of Seljuq dome chambers in some respects reveals a relatively homogeneous framework, it has never meant the stagnation of architectural creativity in different parts of the Seljuk territory. On the other hand, the typology and local schools of Seljuq transition zones of dome chambers have not been thoroughly considered by geographical centralism in Iran. For a better understanding of the standardization of various techniques considered in Seljuq architecture between the 11th and 12th centuries to span the cubic structure to a circular plan, this project is aimed to clarify three different schools of architectural articulation concerning transition zone in the Seljuq dome chambers. A structural analysis was conducted assuming several scenarios over Seljuq domes to clarify its geographical characteristics as well as static behaviors in different parts of Iran. This study shows that no dome has a regular mechanism of a transition zone, no two regions share the same approach, and three different empirical attitudes towards the transition zone would be enough to consider three architectural schools encompassing Northwest Iran, Alborz, and Central Iran, in which the difference lies in the basic elements of the construction of the transition zone rather than proportions.

Applying a Systems Perspective on the Notion of the Smart City

This paper focuses on the need for a widened definition of the notion of technology within the smart city discourse, with a particular focus on the “built environment”. The first part of the paper describes how current tendencies in urban design and architecture are inclined to prioritize high tech-solutions at the expense of low-tech functionalities and omits that information and communication technology (ICT) contrasts the art of building cities as an adaptable and habitually smart technology in itself. It continues with an elaboration on the need for expanding the limits of system boundaries for a better understanding of the energy and material telecouplings that are linked to ICT solutions and account for some perils inherent in smart technologies, such as rebound effects and the difficulty of measuring the environmental impacts of ICT solutions on a city level. The second part of the paper highlights how low-tech technologies and nature-based solutions can make cities smarter, representing a new technology portfolio in national and international policies for safeguarding biodiversity and the delivery of a range of ecosystem services, promoting the necessary climate-change adaption that cities need to prioritize to confer resilience.

Color Intensity of Architectural Concrete Depending on the Type of Cement

In this paper, the influence of the cement type on the final coloring of the concrete with colored powdered inorganic pigments used currently with increasing tendency in construction and modern architecture is presented. In the experimental testing, the difference in intensity/saturation of the color of the concrete containing white cement (CEM I 52.5 R - SR 5 white), which is preferred when using color pigments, and gray (conventional) Portland cement (CEM I 52.5 R) from the same manufacturer has been measured and compared. Three colored inorganic powder pigments (red, green and yellow pigment) containing iron oxides (Fe2O3) have been used to color the concrete mixture. Objectivity of measurement, comparison, and subsequent analysis of individual resulting shades has been ensured by measuring exact RGB values at several places of the concrete cured surface by means of the Colorimeter Colorcatch nanodevice which automatically eliminates all irrelevant color shades, shadows, and impurities. This eliminated the subjective color impression which is usually always biased by external circumstances. Comparison of the color intensity of six experimental samples, including three pigment colors and two types of cement (white/grey), is conclusively related to the color efficiency ratio, the resulting costs, and the ecological footprint arising from the production of the cements above.

ПРИНЦИПЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ГОРОДСКИХ НАБЕРЕЖНЫХ КАК КОМФОРТНОЙ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЙ РЕКРЕАЦИОННОЙ СРЕДЫ

The authors address the problem of development of urban waterfront territories. Therefore the focus is on the basic principles of the organization of public recreational areas. The relevance of the interest is generally stipulated by the following reasons. Firstly, due to the analysis of the domestic and overseas waterfront design experience it seems reasonable to point out that the quality of urban living depends directly on the viability of open public spaces. The waterfront area proves to be a major element of urban tissue that can be related as the city image. Secondly, it can be reasonable to outline a range of issues that are extremely important for many cities in Russia such as the lack of land improvement, comfortable living environment and architectural-aesthetic identity in terms of the image of waterfront areas. The article aims to reveal basic principles of spatial organization of urban waterfront areas. The study is carried out on the material of the domestic and overseas experience in design solu-tions and existing public recreational areas. This implies the analysis and comparison of the following cases: waterfront revival in great cities and suburban towns within Russia as well as overseas experi-ence on regeneration of abandoned waterfront areas. Furthermore, there is the description of the main methods, principles, prospective directions in design management and architectural-aesthetic features of each considering design solution. The methodological basis of the research incorporates architectur-al, art, historical and cultural approaches. In terms of key results of the research we consider highlighting such principles of the organiza-tion of urban waterfronts as multilayer communication structure which are the priority for pedestrian circulation and multilevel waterfront environment; the ability to access water bodies, the addition of focal points, viable and barrier-free environment. Moreover, one of the most important factors is the concentration of urban recreational areas with diverse multifunctional zones that can be used both in summer and winter seasons. The preservation of ecological framework and maintenance of biodiversi-ty, the reliance on water protection zones as well as the appliance of eco-materials are also considered to be a range of inalienable measures in urban waterfront design. Waterfronts cannot be designed sepa-rately from adjacent urban bodies that, for example, can represent historical value. Architectural-aesthetic image of urban waterfronts should meet the modern tendencies in architecture, urban plan-ning and design or emphasize historical identity of urban development. The overall statements are supported by the analysis of the following design solutions: the embankment of Zaryadye Park in Moscow; the design of the waterfront regeneration in Divnogorsk in Krasnoyarsk region; the design of Riga waterfront in Latvia, the design of Seine quayside reinvention in Paris; the East River waterfront in New York; the waterfront arear HafenCity in Hamburg. Overall, due to the results of our research the organization of urban waterfronts incorporates a variety of crucial factors (in terms of architecture, urban planning and design, imageability, ecology, economy etc) which add the complexity to the designing process. Nevertheless, the implementation of the basic principles of design provides waterfronts with the high level of diversity and comfort for cities’ inhabitants.

Experimental and analytical study of vibration parameters in waffle concrete slabs

Investigating the dynamic characteristics of slabs has become very important since modern structures, meeting economic needs and architectural tendencies, have been built lighter with longer open spans, and consequently became more susceptible to the phenomena of vibration. Therefore, addressing important parameters of vibration during the design phase of a building, such as natural frequencies and damping, can avoid vibrations problems in the future. This paper presents a research study that was undertaken to investigate the vibration parameters in waffle concrete slabs. Specifically, in situ experimental tests were carried out on twenty-six floor slabs using the heel-drop as impact source, accelerometer and mobile phone to register the natural frequencies and subsequently modal damping ratios. The natural frequencies were also obtained through the analytical calculations utilizing the numerical equations for isotropic and orthotropic plates, available in the literature. The results for fundamental frequencies show that mobile phones are effective for recording acceleration in floor slabs. Also, the two analytical methods studied in this research offered results that found to be in good agreement with the experimental ones; however, using the equations for orthotropic plates represented a more conservative alternative. As expected, natural frequencies of floor slabs tend to decrease with the increase of the span; however, the shorter span dimension seems to cause greater influence on the frequencies, especially in two-way slabs. For such two-way slabs, an exponential function can define the relationship between frequencies and the shorter open span dimension. Also, an exponential function that defines the relationship between frequencies and slab’s b/h ratio has been developed. As one of the outcomes of the study presented in this paper, it was found that using a loss factor of at least 3.4% for waffle slabs is a realistic assumption since this factor is influenced by the existence of non-structural components on the slab, e.g., partitioning walls.

Common Features of Architectural Design of the Medical Purpose Building

The paper considers principal features and specific character of architectural design for health care institutions. Main designing stages, missions and complexities for every successive designing step have been revealed in the paper. The paper presents specific features, main stages and design approaches to designing of modern health care facilities, comfortable architectural environment of health institutions, which have been formed on the basis of the analysis of advanced international experience in the field of designing healthcare facilities. The proposed approaches are based on modern experience in designing medical buildings over the past decade in the developed countries. A special attention has been paid to obsolete methods for architecture-planning organization of healthcare facilities and modern approaches to arrangement of engineering and other systems which significantly influence on economical efficiency, quality, comfort and effectiveness of architectural environment in healthcare institutions. Every healthcare facility, every separate department are considered as unique in their essence, for this reason it is not so easy to reflect modern technological solutions and architectural tendencies. The paper contains an attempt to attract attention of architects to the complexity in designing of a building to be constructed, to find ways which will help to reach its step-by-step solution. It has been noted as well that there is a necessity to arrange interaction between an architect and a medical technologist. Modern medical departments and hospitals have been recently designed and built in the Ukraine, but they are in increasingly short number. These facilities have been constructed due to decision makers who, in spite of diverse difficulties, lack of information and specialists, lack of proper funding, etc., are trying to do their best in order to reach the modern level of desingning and construction of hospitals. So-called “typical” medical projects of 70-ies and 80-ies continue to be implemented up to now. This is certainly due to inadequate funding, but such economy has at the end rather high cost.