Ten-year Interval Research Articles

Lifestyle factors and metabolomic aging biomarkers: Meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal associations in three prospective cohorts

Biological age uses biophysiological information to capture a person’s age-related risk of adverse outcomes. MetaboAge and MetaboHealth are metabolomics-based biomarkers of biological age trained on chronological age and mortality risk, respectively. Lifestyle factors contribute to the extent chronological and biological age differ. The association of lifestyle factors with MetaboAge and MetaboHealth, potential sex differences in these associations, and MetaboAge’s and MetaboHealth’s sensitivity to lifestyle changes have not been studied yet.Linear regression analyses and mixed-effect models were used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of scaled lifestyle factors with scaled MetaboAge and MetaboHealth in 24,332 middle-aged participants from the Doetinchem Cohort Study, Rotterdam Study, and UK Biobank. Random-effect meta-analyses were performed across cohorts. Repeated metabolomics measurements had a ten-year interval in the Doetinchem Cohort Study and a five-year interval in the UK Biobank.In the first study incorporating longitudinal information on MetaboAge and MetaboHealth, we demonstrate associations between current smoking, sleeping ≥8 hours/day, higher BMI, and larger waist circumference were associated with higher MetaboHealth, the latter two also with higher MetaboAge. Furthermore, adhering to the dietary and physical activity guidelines were inversely associated with MetaboHealth. Lastly, we observed sex differences in the associations between alcohol use and MetaboHealth.

Analyzing Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics Using Geospatial Approaches: A Case Study of District Lahore, Pakistan

The present study focuses on the city of Lahore due to the substantial impacts of LULC on land-atmosphereclimatic interactions. This study aims to find and interpret the variations in land use patterns in Lahore during 20 years(2003, 2013, and 2023) with a ten-year interval. For in-depth analysis, four different classes- built-up, barren land,vegetation, and water bodies were determined. Several pre- and post-processing procedures were carefully carried outto improve the accuracy of the results after Landsat 7, Landsat 8, and Sentinel 2 satellite imageries had been utilized.The methodology included supervised classification using the maximum likelihood algorithm along with changedetection to evaluate and interpret the LULC alterations. The extent of change is demonstrated by quantitative datashowing that the built-up area increased from 308.6491261 sq. km in 2003 to 336.9702759 sq. km in 2023. On theother hand, there was a drop of 1099.13587 sq. km in barren land and a decrease of 10.47416794 sq. km in waterbodies. Despite a notable rise between 2003 and 2013, vegetation cover decreased by 328.4721624 sq. km by 2023.This study offers important insights for sustainable urban development and land management policy in addition tofurthering our understanding of the dynamics of land use and land cover in Lahore

Analysis of actual nutrition of schoolchildren at different age periods

Introduction. A healthy, balanced diet can provide the child with nutritional protection from adverse environmental factors and helps to prevent diseases. Lack of continuity in nutrition at school and at home creates a deficit in the diet supply of nutrients necessary for a growing body. The purpose of the investigation is to study the actual nutrition of a group of schoolchildren at different age periods (in the dynamics of 10 years). Materials and methods. Actual nutrition of a group of schoolchildren in the dynamics over 2009 and 2019. The sample consisted of one hundred fifty 7-years children and the same children aged 17 years (124 children). Actual nutrition was studied using menu-layouts (at school) and the method of 24-hour (daily) nutrition reproduction (at home). Results. With age, there is a more pronounced imbalance in the supply of basic nutrients in the diet, associated with excess consumption of fats (7–25%), lack of carbohydrates, deficiency of dietary fibers (15–20%), a number of minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron) and vitamins (C, B1, B2, A, PP). Average daily food rations are unbalanced. The structure of children’s food sets becomes more irrational with increasing age. Regardless of the period of the study, diets are deficient in the level of consumption of milk, fish, vegetables, and fruits, and excessive in the level of consumption of foods with high energy value. In dynamics, the percentage of children with the recommended level of consumption of poultry is decreasing by 4.3 times, fish – by 3.8 times, milk – by 3 times, fermented milk products – by 2.6 times, cottage cheese and sour cream – by 2 times, butter and vegetable – 15.4 and 6.8 times, respectively. Limitations. This study is limited to a sample of a group of schoolchildren studying from the 1st to the 11th grade (in the dynamics with a ten-year interval). Conclusion. Persistent long-term violations of the basics of a healthy balanced diet by children create a probable risk of developing diseases in children in the future caused by nutritional factors, and can also be predictors of the development of pathological conditions and diseases in adulthood.

Resolving gap patterns and dynamics from a new perspective: Ratio effects of the evergreen versus deciduous trees in broadleaved – Korean pine forests

Clarifying gap patterns and dynamics on a regional scale is necessary to understand forest succession. However, few studies quantified the species composition influences except for geography and time effects. We examined the spatial and temporal gap patterns in an old-growth broadleaved–Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest using two satellite image datasets with a ten-year interval and complementary field survey datasets. The forests were evenly divided into 121 plots with a plot size of 100 ha, and the crown projection area ratio of evergreen trees (RE/A) in each plot was quantified to represent simplified species composition (i.e., evergreen versus deciduous trees). We found that gap fraction and density reduced from 19.0% and 25.0 gaps ha-1 in 2007 to 16.8% and 17.6 gaps ha-1 in 2017, respectively, equivalent to a transformation of 213 ha from gaps to closed canopy. Generalized linear mixed models showed that the RE/A explained substantial variance in gap fraction, size, and number, much more than geography factors (slope and altitude). However, the gap size frequency distribution consistently followed a power-law distribution with weak geography, time, and species composition influences. Univariate analyses showed that the gap distribution patterns differed by gap size but tended to randomness over time, likely due to the randomness of gap formation and the differences in gap closure processes. The species composition of gap makers and fillers diverged along the RE/A gradient. In summary, our study proposed a novel factor (RE/A) to reveal the spatial and temporal gap patterns in the broadleaved–Korean pine forests, which provided insights into the necessity of refining species composition in conducting regional-scale gap studies with the development of airborne hyperspectral and LiDAR remote sensing technologies.

Unique portal venous phase imaging discordance between CEUS and MRI: a valuable predictor of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma?

We have long noted unique portal venous phase (PVP) imaging discordance of focal liver masses between CEUS, showing rapid marked washout, and MRI, showing progressive or sustained enhancement. We postulate association of this unique discordance with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and causal relationship to different contrast agent behavior. We investigate this unique discordance, propose its clinical significance for ICC diagnosis, and confirm further histologic associations. Cases were collected within our CEUS department and from pathology records over a ten-year interval. This retrospective review includes 99 patients, 73 with confirmed ICC and 26 other diagnoses,showing unique PVP discordance. The CEUS and MRI enhancement characteristics were compared for all patients. Unique discordance is identified in 67/73 (92%) ICC and difference between the PVP appearance on MRI and CEUS is statistically significant (p< 0.0001). Arterial phase enhancement did not show statistically significant difference between CEUS and MRI, p> 0.05. Other diagnoses showing unique discordance include especially lymphoma (n=7), sclerosed hemangioma (n=6), HCC (n=4), metastases (n=2), and other rare entities. ICC shows this discrepant intermodality enhancement pattern in a statistically significant number of cases and should be considered along with other LR-M features in at-risk patients. Discordance is also rarely seen in a number of other liver lesions.

Students’ Models of Magnetic Interactions: A Comparative Analysis of Accurate and Inaccurate Models over a Ten-Year Interval

This research investigates the Models of eighth-grade students in Turkey pertaining to magnets and magnetic interactions, while also examining the consistency of these models within themselves. Additionally, a comparative assessment is conducted by comparing the current data with data collected from eighth-grade students a decade earlier. The study comprises 59 students in the first phase and 45 students in the second phase, all of whom briefly received formal instruction on magnetism during fourth grade. The focus of the analysis centers on identifying the students’ Models and evaluating their coherence across diverse contexts in both phases. Surprisingly, despite the passage of ten years, the mental model patterns exhibited by the students in both studies remain remarkably similar. Three primary categories emerged from the students’ Models of magnets, including attraction and repulsion, magnetic poles, and the composition and functionality of magnets. However, noticeable distinctions between the two studies are evident. In the earlier study, the students’ responses to survey questions displayed a greater variety and detail in comparison to the responses from the later study. Moreover, the second study revealed fewer instances of inconsistent Models concerning the magnetic interaction between magnets and nails, but more instances of inaccurate Models compared to the first study. The findings of this investigation offer valuable insights to educators, guiding them in designing effective lessons and activities aimed at helping students overcome their inaccurate and inconsistent Models.

LAND USE CHANGE ASSESSMENT IN KWANA-UKU FOREST RESERVE AND SAMERI COMMUNITY FORESTS ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

This research assessed land use change of Government and Community forests in Ganye and Jada Local Government Areas of Adamawa State. Data were collected from two selected Forests. The study utilized land use datasets to examine the spatial extent and distribution of forest cover in both areas over two decades. The data used for analysis were satellite imageries downloaded from google earth between the year 2000 and 2020. In an effort to determine the change in land cover of the study area, three different images at ten-year (10) interval were used (2000, 2010 and 2020). Student t-test was used to compare the results of land use classification. Results obtained indicated that all the land cover classes changed (either increased or decreased) in the study areas over the given study period. Findings also unveiled a significant net negative change in forest land cover class with extensive significant increase in bare- surfaces and a remarkable reduction in vegetation. Expansion in bare surfaces in Sammeri community and Kwana uku forest study sites between year 2000 and 2020 were (+514.42%) and (+261.59%) at the expense of a reduction in forested areas which were (−46.75%) and (−56.95) respectively. Additionally, results proved forest stocks or resources were being depleted by anthropogenic agents, owing to their hostile effects which included; fuel wood collectors, farmers, animal grazing, bush burning and unregulated logging of trees. The study recommends the need for the implementation of sustainable forest management practices in the two forests, with further extension to other notable reserves across the country.

Cervical cancer in the elderly: Was their screening adequate? (450)

Objectives: To determine the proportion of women diagnosed with cervical cancer at 65 years of age or older who met criteria for discontinuation of screening prior to cancer diagnosis and evaluate for predictors of adequate screening. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all women in Kaiser Permanente Northern California diagnosed with cervical cancer at the age of 65 or older between 2006 and 2017. Current cervical cancer screening guidelines allow discontinuation of cervical cancer screening at age 65 if the patient had three normal consecutive cytology tests or two normal consecutive co-tests (cervical cytology + HPV) ten years prior to stopping screening. Adequate screening was defined as meeting stopping criteria in any ten-year interval starting at age 55 or older but prior to cancer diagnosis. Cervical cancer screening results were extracted from the medical record dating from the earliest records of 1993 until the cancer diagnosis. Bivariate predictors of adequate screening history were evaluated using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Results: From 2006 to 2017, 220 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members aged > 65 years were diagnosed with cervical cancer. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 74 years (range: 65-98). One hundred and forty-three patients had squamous cell carcinoma (65%), 45 (20%) had adenocarcinoma and 32 (15%) had other types. Fifty-seven percent of patients were non-Hispanic White, 15% were Hispanic, 13% were Asian, and 8% were non-Hispanic Black. Forty percent of patients were current or former smokers. Sixty- nine patients (31.3%) met the criteria for adequate screening over a 10-year interval starting at age 55 or older prior to cancer diagnosis. Among patients who met adequate screening criteria, the median time interval from last normal cervical cancer screening to cancer diagnosis was 5.3 years. Patients with squamous cell histology were less likely to have met the criteria for cessation of screening (23%) as compared to those with adenocarcinoma (44%) or other histology (50%) (p <0.001). None of the following factors were predictive of adequate screening history: age, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), smoking history (ever vs never smoker). Conclusions: Nearly one-third of women aged > 65 years diagnosed with cervical cancer despite meeting the criteria for exiting cervical cancer screening. Opportunities exist to improve both screenings for women who were inadequately screened, as well as to re-evaluate criteria for discontinuation of cervical cancer screening in women over 65 years of age. Objectives: To determine the proportion of women diagnosed with cervical cancer at 65 years of age or older who met criteria for discontinuation of screening prior to cancer diagnosis and evaluate for predictors of adequate screening. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all women in Kaiser Permanente Northern California diagnosed with cervical cancer at the age of 65 or older between 2006 and 2017. Current cervical cancer screening guidelines allow discontinuation of cervical cancer screening at age 65 if the patient had three normal consecutive cytology tests or two normal consecutive co-tests (cervical cytology + HPV) ten years prior to stopping screening. Adequate screening was defined as meeting stopping criteria in any ten-year interval starting at age 55 or older but prior to cancer diagnosis. Cervical cancer screening results were extracted from the medical record dating from the earliest records of 1993 until the cancer diagnosis. Bivariate predictors of adequate screening history were evaluated using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Results: From 2006 to 2017, 220 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members aged > 65 years were diagnosed with cervical cancer. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 74 years (range: 65-98). One hundred and forty-three patients had squamous cell carcinoma (65%), 45 (20%) had adenocarcinoma and 32 (15%) had other types. Fifty-seven percent of patients were non-Hispanic White, 15% were Hispanic, 13% were Asian, and 8% were non-Hispanic Black. Forty percent of patients were current or former smokers. Sixty- nine patients (31.3%) met the criteria for adequate screening over a 10-year interval starting at age 55 or older prior to cancer diagnosis. Among patients who met adequate screening criteria, the median time interval from last normal cervical cancer screening to cancer diagnosis was 5.3 years. Patients with squamous cell histology were less likely to have met the criteria for cessation of screening (23%) as compared to those with adenocarcinoma (44%) or other histology (50%) (p <0.001). None of the following factors were predictive of adequate screening history: age, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), smoking history (ever vs never smoker). Conclusions: Nearly one-third of women aged > 65 years diagnosed with cervical cancer despite meeting the criteria for exiting cervical cancer screening. Opportunities exist to improve both screenings for women who were inadequately screened, as well as to re-evaluate criteria for discontinuation of cervical cancer screening in women over 65 years of age.

Estimation of bone mineral density and algorithms of 10-year risk of osteoporotic fractures in women

Osteoporosis is the fourth most common after cardiovascular, cancer and endocrine diseases. With an increase in life expectancy, it becomes one of the main causes of deterioration in health and an increase in mortality.&#x0D; Aim of the study. Assess bone mineral density using ultrasonic densitometry and the risk of osteoporotic fractures among women in Cherkasy region.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study was based on a survey of 43 women in the Odessa region, the average age of the subjects was 56,4±9,9 years, the average body weight was 73,5±11,6 kg, height 164,9±5,9 cm, the average BMI was 27,1±4,3. All women were divided into groups by age with a ten-year interval and by densitometry indices.&#x0D; Results. Decreased bone density was found in 58,1 % of subjects, osteoporosis - 2 (4,8%). Women with osteopenia and osteoporosis have an increased risk of fractures and significantly reduced ultrasound densitometry compared to respondents with normal BMD. The structure of concomitant pathology was dominated by diseases of the circulatory system (22 cases;51,2 %) and digestive organs (12; 27,9 %). More than half of women (26; 60,5 %) had a total of 50 comorbidities, with an average of 1.2 cases of comorbidity.&#x0D; Conclusions. Most women had osteopenic manifestations. Age significantly correlates with BMD parameters. The number of women with changes in the structure of bone tissue increases with age. Algorithms for assessing the 10-year risk of FRAX and Q-Fracture fractures are significantly correlated with densitometry. The combination of ultrasonic densitometry with algorithms for assessing the risk of osteoporotic fractures increases the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

The impact of age in acute type A aortic dissection: a retrospective study

BackgroundAcute type A aortic dissection (aTAAD) is a lethal disease and age is an important risk factor for outcomes. This retrospective study was to analyze the impact of age stratification in aTAAD, and to provide clues for surgeons when they make choices of therapy strategies.MethodsFrom January 2011 to December 2019, 1092 aTAAD patients from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital received surgical therapy. Patients were divided into 7 groups according to every ten-year interval (20–80 s). The differences between the groups were analyzed in terms of the baseline preoperative conditions, surgical methods and postoperative outcomes of patients of different age groups. During a median follow-up term of 17 months, the survival rates were compared among 7 groups through Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsThe median age was 52.0 years old in whole cohort. The multiple comorbidities were more common in old age groups (60 s, 70 s, 80 s), while the 20 s group patients had the highest proportion of Marfan syndrome (28.1%). Preoperative hypotension was highest in 80 s (16.7%, P = 0.038). Young age groups (20–60 s) had a higher rate of root replacement and total arch replacement, which led to a longer duration of operation and hypothermic circulation arrest. The overall mortality was 14.1%, the tendency of mortality was increased with age except 20 s group (33.3% in 80 s, P = 0.016). The postoperative morbidity of gastrointestinal bleeding and bowel ischemia were 16.7% and 11.1% in 80 s group.ConclusionsAge is a major impact factor for aTAAD surgery. Old patients presented more comorbidities before surgery, the mortality and complications rate were significantly higher even with less invasive and conservative surgical therapy. But the favorable long-term survival indicated that the simple or less extensive arch repair is the preferred surgery for patients over 70 years old.

The status and future of emergency care in the Republic of Kenya.

Kenya is a rapidly developing country with a growing economy and evolving health care system. In the decade since the last publication on the state of emergency care in Kenya, significant developments have occurred in the country's approach to emergency care. Importantly, the country decentralized most health care functions to county governments in 2013. Despite the triple burden of traumatic, communicable, and non-communicable diseases, the structure of the health care system in the Republic of Kenya is evolving to adapt to the important role for the care of emergent medical conditions. This report provides a ten-year interval update on the current state of the development of emergency medical care and training in Kenya, and looks ahead towards areas for growth and development. Of particular focus is the role emergency care plays in Universal Health Coverage, and adapting to challenges from the devolution of health care.

Адаптаційні можливості кардіореспіраторної системи хворих на бронхіальну астму в залежності від ступеня тяжкості та контрольованості перебігу захворювання

ADAPTATION POSSIBILITIES OF THE CARDIOSPIRATORY SYSTEM OF PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA DEPENDING ON THE DEGREE OF SEVERE AND CONTROL OF CONDITION Y. I. Feshchenko, L. M. Kuryk, N. A. Primushko, I. P. Turchina, A. A. Kanarsky State Organization « Yanovsky National Institute of Phthisiology and NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv, Ukraine. Abstract. The aim of the study. to study the adaptive capabilities of the cardiorespiratory system and their long-term dynamics in patients with bronchial asthma depending on the severity and control of the disease. Materials and methods of research. The study involved 480 patients with asthma, with mild to severe disease and controlled, uncontrolled and partially controlled course of the disease. Drug programs were used on the principle of «step-by-step approach» to pharmacotherapy for the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma in accordance with the severity of the disease. To determine the controllability of the disease, all patients were previously interviewed using the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ). Maximum oxygen consumption was determined for all subjects, the adaptive potential of the cardiovascular system was calculated according to the Baevsky formula, adaptive reserve of the cardiorespiratory system and physical health index over a ten-year interval (five and ten years). Statistical processing of the material was performed using licensed software products included in the Microsoft Office Professional 2000 package, license Russian Academic OPEN NO LEVEL № 17016297 in Excel. Conclusions. The adaptive capacity of the cardiorespiratory system in patients with bronchial asthma depends on the severity, and the progression of negative dynamics over time — on the controllability of the disease, as evidenced by high correlations between the value of adaptation potential (τ = 0.72, p &lt; 0.001 and τ = 0 , 61, p &lt; 0.001), maximum oxygen consumption (τ = –0.74, p &lt; 0.023, τ = –0.69, p &lt; 0.037), functional reserve of the respiratory system (τ = 0.65, p &lt; 0.028 and τ = 0.73, p &lt; 0.005), physical health (τ = 0.59, p &lt; 0.008, τ = 0.64, p &lt; 0.021). Testing of the adaptive capacity of the cardiorespiratory system in patients with asthma should be routine, especially in severe or uncontrolled course of the disease. The technique is easy to perform, does not require additional financial costs and training of medical staff, allows you to quickly diagnose the development and progression of maladaptation processes even in the absence of clinical manifestations of the disease, control physical activity, vital signs and treatment effectiveness. Key words: bronchial asthma, controllability, cardiorespiratory system.

Spatiotemporal Variation of Land Use Pattern and Land Cover Changes in Gidan Kwano Watershed Area in North Central Nigeria

Land Management Systems (LMS) are institutional frameworks complex by the tasks they must achieve, national, cultural, political, and judicial settings and technology. The urbanisation process in Nigeria has increased since the 1960s because of the crude oil boom era and other government-backed industrial initiatives and investments. This study employed the use of both primary and secondary sources of data. Preliminary data comprise methods of land use, types of agricultural activities carried out and the process of working on the land by the farmers within a 10 km radius. The secondary data involved the interactive digital and visual techniques of the Geographical Information system for five seasons, with each having a ten-year interval span within 1975 to 2015. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 2013 and XLSTAT 2015. Five land use and land cover types were observed within the Gidan Kwano watershed, which includes wetlands (WL), water bodies (WB), bare grounds (BG), vegetation (VG), and settlements (SL). The most prevalent landform in the study area during the 1975 period was the vegetative area which was 50% of the total landmass. Thus, the vegetation (VG) covered half of the Gidan Kwano watershed. However, the vegetative area decreased substantially during the study period of 1975 to 2015. It was observed that the vegetation (VG) within the study area had the highest percentage of coverage, of 34%. During the study period, a significant decrease was observed in the WL, WB and VG areas. It was also concluded that due to the built-up places, the infiltration of surface runoff from rainwater would be drastically reduced as most of the sections are paved for construction activities while a section of the study area is covered with rock outcrops and farmlands.

Integrating dynamic Bayesian network and physics-based modeling for risk analysis of a time-dependent power distribution system during hurricanes

Hurricane is one of the major natural hazards that bring significant damages and failures to the power distribution system for many coastal regions. For better decision-making, pre-hazard maintenance and post-hazard restoration of the power distribution system can be improved through the risk analysis of the distribution system. However, as a natural material, wood deteriorates with time. Therefore, the performance of the power distribution system could vary significantly during their life cycles. To quantify the time-dependent nature of the existing power distribution system due to material deterioration, a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) is implemented for the risk analysis of a power distribution system against hurricanes. To capture the failure probabilities of the poles in the power distribution system, fragility surfaces for the poles are generated through physics-based fragility analysis, incorporating physical properties of the pole-wire components and the pole-wire system topology. The failure rate of the distribution system is obtained through the Bayesian network (BN) at each time step. With the observed failure data of poles, the material properties and the fragility surfaces of the components in the power distribution system are updated through Bayesian inferring. More specifically, the particle filter (PF) algorithm is utilized. To efficiently save computational cost in BN reasoning, the Gaussian process (GP) algorithm is adopted to build surrogate models to predict poles’ behaviors. Predictors are selected from the feature space to further reduce computational time and to enhance the prediction performance of the surrogate models through the automatic relevance determination (ARD) method. The failure rate is underestimated by 11% when the system deterioration process is ignored given a ten-year interval of hurricane events.

The south inylchek glacier activity analysis over a ten-year interval in surface velocity with multi-source spaceborne imagery

Glacier movement is one of the most important characteristics in describing mountain glacier activity, which is a sensitive natural indicator of climate change. However, the short-term glacier movement with a single data source could not precisely and sufficiently demonstrate the response of glaciers to climate change. In order to extract the reliable signal corresponding to climate change, the long-term monitoring of glacier movement should be widely exploited. This paper presents the glacier movement distribution of the South Inylchek Glacier by the improving pixel tracking algorithm with both synthetic aperture radar and optical satellite images in 2007–2008 and 2017–2018. The analysis in spatiotemporal characteristics of the glacier velocity indicates that the South Inylchek Glacier remained almost stable in a ten-year interval with the average velocity of 32 cm/d, which are computed with quasi-synchronization multi-source imagery. And the consistency of the velocity results was also verified with both optical and SAR imagery during the same period. Therefore, it would be valuable in expanding the research temporal cycle of glacier movement by uniting multi-source data. And the long-term glacier movement should be exploited for further analysis in mass balance prediction and assessing the climate change effects in the High Mountain Asia.

Distinct Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in a Medical Center at a Ten-Year Interval.

Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common outpatient bacterial infections. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of E. coli isolated from UTI patients in a single medical center in 2009–2010 (n = 504) and 2020 (n = 340). The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli was determined by the disk diffusion method. PCRs were conducted to detect phylogenetic groups, ST131, K1 capsule antigen, and 15 virulence factors. Phylogenetic group B2 dominated in our 2009–2010 and 2020 isolates. Moreover, no phylogenetic group E strains were isolated in 2020. E. coli isolates in 2020 were more susceptible to amoxicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefuroxime, cefmetazole, ceftazidime, cefoxitin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, compared to the isolates in 2009–2010. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-E. coli in 2009–2010 were detected in groups B1 (5 isolates), B2 (12 isolates), F (8 isolates), and unknown (1 isolate). In 2020, XDR-E. coli were only detected in groups A (2 isolates), B2 (5 isolates), D (1 isolate), and F (4 isolates). The prevalence of virulence factor genes aer and fimH were higher in E. coli in 2009–2010 compared to those in 2020. In contrast, afa and sat showed higher frequencies in E. coli isolates in 2020 compared to E. coli in 2009–2010.

The use of ultrasonic densitometry in assessing bone mineral density and determining the 10-year risk of osteoporotic fractures in older women in the family doctor practice

Osteoporosis is the fourth most common disease after cardiovascular, cancer and endocrine diseases. With an increase in life expectancy, it becomes one of the main causes of deterioration in health and an increase in mortality.&#x0D; The aim of the study. To identify women with low bone density using ultrasound densitometry and assess the risk of osteoporotic fractures.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study was based on a survey of 31 women in the Odessa region, the average age of the subjects was 57±9.1 years, the average body weight was 75.74±12.5 kg, height 162.8±0.1 cm, the average BMI was 28.57±4.5. All women were divided into groups by age with a ten-year interval and by densitometry indices.&#x0D; Results. Decrease in bone density was found in 51.6 % of examined women. The lowest BMD was in the age group of 70–79 years, and the largest numbers of respondents with osteopenic changes were at the age of 50–59. A linear correlation was found between BMD and age at the level of significance p=0.007. The linear regression equation is: t=-0.03968 *age+1.268, (r=-0.473). In women with osteopenia, a significant increase in indicators was found for almost all algorithms for assessing the 10-year risk of fractures at p&lt;0.05 (except for FRAX Hiр without BMD (p=0.087)) and a significant decrease in ultrasound densitometry indicators compared with women with normal BMD. Women with fractures had significantly higher scores according to the FRAX Total algorithms without BMD (p=0.002), FRAX Hiр without BMD (p=0.004) and Q-fracture Hiр (p=0.044).&#x0D; Conclusions. Most women had osteopenic manifestations according to ultrasound densitometry. Age significantly correlates with BMD parameters. The numbers of women with changes in the structure of bone tissue increases with age, and, after 70 years, all women have osteopenic manifestations. The algorithms for assessing the 10-year risk of fractures FRAX and Q-Fracture reliably correlate with densitometry indicators. The combination of ultrasound densitometry with algorithms for assessing the risk of osteoporotic fractures significantly increases the diagnosis of osteoporosis

Estimation of bone mineral density and algorithms of 10-year risk of osteoporotic fractures in women

Osteoporosis is the fourth most common after cardiovascular, cancer and endocrine diseases. With an increase in life expectancy, it becomes one of the main causes of deterioration in health and an increase in mortality.&#x0D; Aim of the study. Assess bone mineral density using ultrasonic densitometry and the risk of osteoporotic fractures among women in Cherkasy region.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study was based on a survey of 43 women in the Odessa region, the average age of the subjects was 56,4±9,9 years, the average body weight was 73,5±11,6 kg, height 164,9±5,9 cm, the average BMI was 27,1±4,3. All women were divided into groups by age with a ten-year interval and by densitometry indices.&#x0D; Results. Decreased bone density was found in 58,1 % of subjects, osteoporosis - 2 (4,8%). Women with osteopenia and osteoporosis have an increased risk of fractures and significantly reduced ultrasound densitometry compared to respondents with normal BMD. The structure of concomitant pathology was dominated by diseases of the circulatory system (22 cases;51,2 %) and digestive organs (12; 27,9 %). More than half of women (26; 60,5 %) had a total of 50 comorbidities, with an average of 1.2 cases of comorbidity.&#x0D; Conclusions. Most women had osteopenic manifestations. Age significantly correlates with BMD parameters. The number of women with changes in the structure of bone tissue increases with age. Algorithms for assessing the 10-year risk of FRAX and Q-Fracture fractures are significantly correlated with densitometry. The combination of ultrasonic densitometry with algorithms for assessing the risk of osteoporotic fractures increases the diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Change analysis in land use land cover due to surface mining in Jharia coalfield through Landsat time series data

Mining and reclamation are the main drivers for land use land cover changes (LULC) in Jharia coalfield. In this study, impact of mining on surrounding area’s ecology was analysed by calculating the percentage changes of accurately classified images of different time period. The landsat imagery from 1999, 2009 and 2015 were used to map land cover changes for Jharia coalfield. The landsat data used, were L1T standard data product which was radiometrically calibrated and orthorectified. An unsupervised ISODATA clustering method along with matrix union function was used, to map the land cover of mining areas and to study the changes in LULC for Jharia coalfield. The results reveal that between the ten-year interval from 1999 to 2009, the percentage increase in mining was 81.72% and in mean time about 8.46% area had undergone changes from mines to vegetative reclaimed mines, whereas in the five-year interval from 2009 to 2015 the percentage increase in mining was 14.20% and about 8.92% area of mining was changed to vegetative reclaimed mines. This study also reveals that five-year interval image characterizes the classes in a better way and provides much clearer view in changes than ten-year interval image. The overall classification accuracy of all the satellite imagery is above 90%, which indicate that ISODATA classification techniques provide better results of classification. This study of change analysis will help to quantify the changes and will provide the supporting platform for decision making in environmental management plan for mining.

Prevalence of Optic Disc Drusen in Young Patients With Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.

Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in young patients (age ≤50) accounts for a minority of all cases of NAION and is more highly associated with crowding of the optic nerves and bilateral involvement than NAION in older patients. Optic disc drusen (ODD) are likewise associated with crowded optic nerves and are located in the prelaminar optic nerve head where they could contribute to NAION pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ODD in the eyes of young NAION patients using modern imaging methods and to compare it to the baseline 1.8%-2.0% prevalence of ODD in the general population. In this retrospective study, all young NAION patients (ages 18-50 years, inclusive) seen in 2 tertiary care neuro-ophthalmology clinics (in London, Canada and Copenhagen, Denmark) in the ten-year interval between April 1, 2009, and March 31, 2019, were identified and their medical charts reviewed. Patients were included in the study if ODD were diagnosed by any method (including ophthalmoscopy, ultrasound [US], fundus autofluorescence [FAF], computed tomography [CT], or any optical coherence tomography [OCT] method), or if ODD were excluded by enhanced-depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT) using the ODD Studies (ODDS) Consortium protocol. The presence or absence of ODD was recorded for each eye. There were 37 eligible patients (74 eyes). Mean age of NAION onset was 38.5 ± 10.0 years, and 23 patients (62%) were men. Patients had undergone the following methods of ODD detection: ophthalmoscopy (37 patients), EDI-OCT (36 patients), FAF (31 patients), US (9 patients), and CT orbits (8 patients). We found a prevalence of ODD of 56.7% in NAION-affected patients and 53.3% in NAION-affected eyes. Only 35.9% of ODD were visible on ophthalmoscopy. Twenty of 21 ODD patients (95.2%) had bilateral ODD. Age of onset and sex did not differ significantly between the ODD-positive group and the ODD-negative group. EDI-OCT outperformed any combination of ophthalmoscopy, US, FAF, and CT at detecting ODD. ODD were found with much higher prevalence in young patients with NAION than in the general population and were usually bilateral and buried. ODD may contribute to NAION pathogenesis by exacerbating an underlying compartment syndrome in the crowded "disc at risk." EDI-OCT may be the best imaging modality for ODD detection in future studies.