Temporary Storage Location Research Articles

Redesign of the temporary storage facilities for hazardous and toxic waste at PT X

PT X is an industry engaged in the production of snacks. The processes and activities in the industry produce by-products, namely hazardous and toxic waste. All waste is stored in temporary storage, but based on observations, the extant temporary storage does not meet the government's requirements. Accordingly, PT X redesigned a temporary storage area following government requirements. This study aims to identify a temporary storage location that complies with government regulations for PT X. Recording the types, characteristics, and quantities produced by PT X, followed by existing observation, is followed by the calculation of facility needs according to SNI and individual calculations. This research analysis provides property and layout recommendations to enhance the condition of PT X's temporary storage for hazardous and toxic refuse.

A new solution approach for the twin yard crane scheduling problem in automated container terminals

The Twin-Automated Stacking Crane (Twin-ASC) system is a special configuration of Yard Crane (YC) that is common in most of the Automated Container Terminals (ACTs) used for stacking and retrieving containers on the yard side of a Container Terminal (CT). The usual objective when scheduling the Twin-ASC to perform a given set of transport jobs is the minimization of the schedule length (makespan). The problem is NP-hard, which means that problem of realistic size cannot be solved within a reasonable time limit by default solvers or conventional methods, necessitating the use of an efficient algorithm. Thus, this work proposes a novel algorithm based on the modified Johnson Algorithm (JA) to a formulated Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model for solving the Twin-ASC scheduling problem to minimize the makespan of the schedule. Differ from the existing heuristics, the proposed algorithm has the flexibility of varying the handshake area, and the system utilization can be investigated. The handshake area is a temporary storage location in the Twin-ASC system where an ASC can leave a job for the other to complete since the crossing of the cranes is not possible, and it greatly affects the makespan of completing the given set of jobs. An extensive computational study was carried out and results were compared with (two) existing heuristics to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solution approach.

Post-Disaster Temporary Storage Location Selection and Multi-Vehicle Vehicle Routing Application: An Case in Kirikkale Province

Afetlerin ne zaman ve nerede meydana geleceği belli değildir. Bundan dolayı hem toplumsal yaşam kesintiye uğramakta hem de çevreye zarar vermektedir. Ayrıca, afet sonrası insanların yiyecek, barınma, temizlik gibi ihtiyaçları hızlı ve düzenli bir şekilde karşılanmalıdır. Deprem gibi büyük zararlara neden olan ve birçok yeri kullanılmaz hale getiren afetlerde insanların ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilmek için geçici deponun konumlandırılması gerekmektedir. Dolayısıyla deprem olmadan önce geçici deponun konumları uygun analitik yöntemlerle belirlenmelidir. Kırıkkale, fay zonlarına olan mesafesi sebebiyle deprem olasılığı yüksek bir ildir. Bunun yanı sıra, Türkiye’nin önemli stratejik sanayi kuruluşlarının üretim tesisleri sınırları içerisinde bulunmaktadır. 43 ilin kesişim noktası olması, özellikle Ankara’ya yakınlığı ve Ankara ile arasında yer alan büyük sanayi kuruluşlarının olması Kırıkkale dışında olası bir depremde Kırıkkale’de konumlandırılacak geçici deponun önemini arttırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Kırıkkale ilinde geçici depo yeri seçim problemi 3 aşamada ele alınmıştır. Birinci aşamada alternatif dört ilçe, ikinci aşamada alternatif altı lokasyon çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri kullanılarak altışar farklı sıralama sonucu karşılaştırılmıştır. Geçici deponun konumlandırılacağı yer belirlendikten sonra üçüncü aşamada yiyecek dağıtımının hangi rotalarla dağıtım yapacağı dört ayrı senaryo ile tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada depo yeri seçim ve dağıtım planlaması için bütünsel bir yaklaşım önerilmiştir.

Dynamic pooled capacity deployment for urban parcel logistics

Last-mile logistics is regarded as an essential yet highly expensive component of parcel logistics. In dense urban environments, this is partially caused by inherent inefficiencies due to traffic congestion and the disparity and accessibility of customer locations. In parcel logistics, access hubs are facilities supporting relay-based last-mile activities by offering temporary storage locations enabling the decoupling of last-mile activities from the rest of the urban distribution chain. This paper focuses on a novel tactical problem: the dynamic deployment of pooled storage capacity modules in an urban parcel network. It formulates the problem as a two-stage stochastic optimization model with recourse, and incorporates the synchronization of underlying operations through continuum approximation-based travel time estimations. It also develops a solution approach based on a rolling horizon algorithm with lookahead, sample average approximation and Benders decomposition enhanced by acceleration methods, able to solve large scale instances of a real-sized megacity. Numerical results, inspired by the case of a large parcel express carrier, are provided to evaluate the computational performance of the proposed approach and suggest up to 28% last-mile cost savings and 26% capacity savings compared to a static capacity deployment strategy.

Recent Advances in Corrosion Science Applicable To Disposal of High-Level Nuclear Waste.

High-level radioactive waste is accumulating at temporary storage locations around the world and will eventually be placed in deep geological repositories. The waste forms and containers will be constructed from glass, crystalline ceramic, and metallic materials, which will eventually come into contact with water, considering that the period of performance required to allow sufficient decay of dangerous radionuclides is on the order of 105-106 years. Corrosion of the containers and waste forms in the aqueous repository environment is therefore a concern. This Review describes the recent advances of the field of materials corrosion that are relevant to fundamental materials science issues associated with the long-term performance assessment and the design of materials with improved performance, where performance is defined as resistance to aqueous corrosion. Glass, crystalline ceramics, and metals are discussed separately, and the near-field interactions of these different material classes are also briefly addressed. Finally, recommendations for future directions of study are provided.

A Multilayer Genetic Algorithm for Automated Guided Vehicles and Dual Automated Yard Cranes Coordinated Scheduling

At present, a lot of studies on automatic terminal scheduling are aimed at the shortest operating time. An effective way to reduce the operating time is to increase the amount of operating equipment. However, people often ignore the additional costs and energy consumption caused by increasing the amount of equipment. This paper comprehensively considers the two aspects of the equipment operation time and equipment quantity matching. With the minimum total energy consumption of the operating equipment as the objective function, a cooperative scheduling model of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) and dual Automated Yard Cranes (AYCs) is established. In the modelling process, we also considered the interference problem between dual Automated Yard Cranes (AYCs). In order to solve this complex model, this paper designs an improved multilayer genetic algorithm. Finally, the calculation results from CPLEX and a multilayer genetic algorithm are compared, and the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is proved by experiments. In addition, at the same time, it is proved that it is necessary to consider the interference problem of dual Automated Yard Cranes (AYCs), and the optimal quantity matching scheme for the equipment and the optimal temporary storage location is given.

Temporary Book Storage Using a Document Management Company

Finding an appropriate temporary storage location for books and providing access to them is a significant challenge for libraries undergoing renovations. The current article describes the use of a document management company by an academic library to store 430,000 books for 8 months and provide a retrieval-on-demand service. Aspects covered include the selection of a commercial storage provider with its own retrieval service; details of the move to and from offsite storage; the integration of the service with library processes; communications and user feedback; book usage during the storage period; overall costs; and lessons learned from the experience.

Scheduling cooperative twin automated stacking cranes in automated container terminals

In the considered Automated Container Terminal, twin (i.e., identical non-passing) automated stacking cranes are configured for each block. The twin Automated Stacking Cranes (ASCs) collaborate to serve storage and retrieval requests from opposite ends of a storage block. Since the ASCs are unable to pass each other, there is a handshake area that serves as a temporary storage location so that one crane can start a request and leave it to the other crane to complete it. In this paper, four modes of crane interference are summarized, and a mixed integer programming model is established to minimize the makespan of all requests. For large scale problems, a genetic algorithm is designed. Numerical experiments show that the algorithm is efficient and competitive. A serial of experiments are carried out where it is shown that the method can produce optimum solutions.

A simulation study of the performance of twin automated stacking cranes at a seaport container terminal

This paper studies the effect of a handshake area on the performance of twin automated stacking cranes (ASCs) operating on top of a stack with transfer zones at both seaside and landside. The handshake area is a temporary storage location so that one crane can start a request and leave the container there for the other crane to complete the request. By testing settings with and without such a handshake area, the goal is to find robust rules which result in the best performance, measured as (1) the makespan to finish all requests and (2) the total waiting time of the cranes due to interference or nonconsecutive delivery of containers in the handshake area (blocking time). The effect of five decision variables on the performance are tested. The decision variables are (1) the way the requests are handled by the cranes (scheduling), (2) the storage location of the containers in the handshake area, (3) the location of the handshake area in the stack, (4) the size of the handshake area and (5) the number of handshake areas in the stack. For each decision variable, multiple heuristics are developed. The results indicate that settings without a handshake area outperform settings with a handshake area for virtually all instances tested when using the same scheduling heuristic. For both types of settings, the choice for a scheduling heuristic impacts the final performance the most. In this study, we opt for simple heuristics since container terminal operators prefer to avoid any complexity in coordinating and scheduling two ASCs for safety and simplicity reasons.

Preserving Medieval Farm Mounds in a Large Stormwater Retention Area

The Netherlands has denoted large areas as stormwater retention areas. These areas function as temporary storage locations for stormwater when rivers cannot cope with the amount of water. A large area, the Onlanden — 2,500 hectares — was developed as such a storage area between 2008 and 2013. This peat area contains up to 300 medieval housing areas. These ‘peatmounds’, named after the current visible small mound, were explicitly mentioned as a preservation goal in the project. The preservation of the peatmounds during and after the project has been guaranteed by a combination of protective measures, research, and monitoring actions. At first a risk evaluation was performed, followed by a monitoring project focusing on the preservation of the organic part of the mounds. This evaluation showed that the rewetting of the mounds might improve the overall preservation. A total of fifteen monitoring stations were a-selectively distributed over the total area, covering the four main types of land use. The measured parameters at these stations focus on the desiccation/rewetting effects. The second threat, as determined in the risk evaluation, is the growth of deep penetrating plants. These roots might disturb the archaeological profile. Preventive coverage with plastic and up to a metre of soil could prevent root growth into the archaeology. An experimental coverage showed the effectiveness of this technique, but also the risks. This paper focuses on the lessons that can be learned from this six-year project, the monitoring results, and clearly shows the benefits of a combined approach in large-scale projects.

九州大学の歴史的工作機械

The Kyushu University has historic machine tools which are kept in a temporary storage location. On the other hand, historical machines of Kumamoto University are kept in a historical workshop. The machines and the workshop are designated as a cultural asset of national importance. Each machine of the both universities had been contributed to technical training of students since around 1911. Faculties of engineering of the two Universities were founded by Junzo Nakahara. The machines of Kyushu University are expected to be shown under the operational condition in the newly built museum at Ito campus.

Priority rules for twin automated stacking cranes that collaborate

A recent trend in container ports is to operate twin (i.e., identical non-passing) Automated Storage Cranes (ASCs) that collaborate to serve storage and retrieval requests from opposite ends of a storage block. Since the ASCs are unable to pass each other, there is an exchange point that serves as a temporary storage location so that one crane can start a request and leave it to the other crane to complete it. In this paper fourteen twin ASC priority rules are proposed and evaluated via simulation with respect to the makespan. The priority rules are then compared to the optimal priority, which is obtained using a Branch and Bound algorithm. Results from an exhaustive simulation study suggests that the best priority rules are LonRem and RemReq, which gives priority to the ASC with the longest remaining estimated workload or to the ASC with the most number of remaining requests, respectively, yielding solutions that are on average 1.3% from the optimal makespan. It is also found that best two-rule combination is LonRem and PriC2 (the latter gives priority to the seaside ASC). Besides their immediate practical use, the results of this paper are also useful when evaluating candidate solutions for the problem of assigning and scheduling requests in the twin collaborating ASCs system. This study is the first to compare priority rules for collaborating twin ASCs and quantify the impact of the priority rule selected.

Mapping out the solid waste generation and collection models: The case of Kampala City

This paper presents a mapping of the waste collection systems in Kampala city, using geographical information system (GIS) ArcGIS mapping software. It discusses the existing models of waste collection to the final disposal destinations. It was found that food and yard wastes constitute 92.7% of the waste generated in Kampala. Recyclables and other special wastes constitute only 7.3% of the total waste, mainly because of the increased level of reuse and recycling activities. The generation rate of solid wastes was on average, 582, 169, 105, and 90 tons/day from poor areas, upscale wealthier areas, business centers, and market areas respectively. This tonnage of waste was collected, transported, and disposed of at the city landfill. The study found that in total, residential areas of poor people generate more waste than other categories stated earlier, mainly because of their large populations. In total, there were 133 unofficial temporary storage sites acknowledged by Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) but not formally designated, 59 illegal dump sites, and 35 officially recognized temporary waste storage locations. This paper presents large-scale data that can help with understanding the collection models and their influence on solid waste management in Kampala city, which could be used for similar cities in developing countries.Implications: The rapid urban population growth in Kampala City has increased the generation of waste, making it impossible for the municipal authority to manage the waste effectively due to limited financial resources. All this, coupled with the declining landfill capacities and rising real costs of disposal, has attracted the attention of the growing population, yet the health and sustainability of the environment have to be guaranteed.

Implementing inventory transparency to temporary storage locations

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a tracking based inventory management system in temporary storage locations of a project delivery chain. To describe the use of tracking based inventory information for improved logistics control in equipment delivery and installation.Design/methodology/approachA solution design experiment was carried out in 16 temporary storage locations with one original equipment manufacturer and four installation partners.FindingsIt is feasible to implement tracking based inventory management in temporary storage locations. The challenge is to ensure that installation partners adopt the system. The benefit is improved logistics control of equipment delivery and installation for the original equipment manufacturer.Research limitations/implicationsTracking information is more useful than conventional stock keeping in project delivery. By monitoring the dwell time of delivery items it is possible to identify and resolve problems in project execution.Practical implicationsInventory management in temporary storage locations help project management, project logistics, and central logistics organizations carry out their work more effectively. Implementation can be based on tracking.Originality/valueThe paper's value lies in empirical tests and evaluation of tracking based inventory management in temporary storage locations.

Hospital waste management status in Iran: a case study in the teaching hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences

Hospital waste materials pose a wide variety of health and safety hazards for patients and healthcare workers. Many of hospitals in Iran have neither a satisfactory waste disposal system nor a waste management and disposal policy. The main objective of this research was to investigate the solid waste management in the eight teaching hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences. In this cross-sectional study, the main stages of hospital waste management including generation, separation, collection, storage, and disposal of waste materials were assessed in these hospitals, located in Tehran city. The measurement was conducted through a questionnaire and direct observation by researchers. The data obtained was converted to a quantitative measure to evaluate the different management components. The results showed that the waste generation rate was 2.5 to 3.01 kg bed(-1) day(-1), which included 85 to 90% of domestic waste and 10 to 15% of infectious waste. The lack of separation between hazardous and non-hazardous waste, an absence of the necessary rules and regulations applying to the collection of waste from hospital wards and on-site transport to a temporary storage location, a lack of proper waste treatment, and disposal of hospital waste along with municipal garbage, were the main findings. In order to improve the existing conditions, some extensive research to assess the present situation in the hospitals of Iran, the compilation of rules and establishment of standards and effective training for the personnel are actions that are recommended.

Comparison between two policy strategies for scheduling trucks in a biomass logistic system

Approximately 75% of the cost to load, haul, and deliver a weekly supply of herbaceous biomass from temporary storage locations near the production fields to a bioprocessing plant (50 Mg/h average capacity, 24/7 operation) is truck cost. The management policy that a bioprocessing plant uses to schedule trucks determines the maximum number of trucks required, and thereby, the total cost for the logistic system. Three land use rates corresponding to 50%, 45%, and 40% of existing pastureland within a 3.2-km radius of chosen satellite storage locations were used to establish a production base surrounding the plant location. Total area harvested was 25,500 ha, or about 2.1% of the total land area in the 7-county region studied. Assumed average yield was 8.3 Mg/ha. Two different management policies, one based on travel time (Policy 1) and another based on the assignment of trucks to given sectors of the surrounding production base (Policy 2) were used to develop truck schedules. The logistic system was modeled as a discrete event simulation model, and the schedule was validated. The maximum number of trucks needed for the logistic system was 32, 33 and 34 for 50%, 45% and 40% land use rates, respectively. In Policy 1, the maximum number of loads accumulated in the at-plant inventory was 384 truckloads at 50% land use rate (maximum inventory corresponds to about 3 days of plant operation). In Policy 2, the maximum number of loads accumulated in the at-plant inventory was 330 truckloads at 50% land use rate. Total number of loader and unloader operating hours for both the policies was computed, and the loader and unloader utilization rates were 83.5% and 70.8%, respectively. The delivered cost (load, haul, and unload) varied from $14.68 (Policy 1) to $16.14 per Mg (Policy 2) for 15% w.b. moisture content biomass.

Positioning of goods in a cross-docking environment

Cross docking is one of the options to reduce lead times and inventories and to improve customer response time in supply chains. Cross-docking centres are dynamic environments where products arrive, are regrouped, and leave the same day. In this paper we focus on the process of short-term storage of unit-loads in a cross-docking environment. The goal is to determine temporary storage locations for incoming unit loads such that the travel distances of the forklift trucks with these unit loads are minimised. We model this problem as a novel application of the minimum cost flow problem and show the applicability of the model for different types of layouts and priorities. We demonstrate both the efficiency and effectiveness of the method in the operational and design phase at cross-docking environments by applying it to practice-oriented examples. Furthermore, we show that the approach is superior to a commonly used heuristic method.

Hospital waste management status in university hospitals of the Fars province, Iran

Hospital waste contains large quantities of hazardous materials. In Iran, as in many developing countries, not much attention has been paid to this matter. Little information is available regarding the generation and disposal of medical waste in Iran, and this fact hinders planning for a better management of the aforementioned waste. This paper describes a survey performed on the collection and disposal of waste in the university hospitals of the Fars province, which are the medical referral centres in the southern half of the country, and the results obtained are fully discussed. The lack of separation between hazardous and non- hazardous waste, an absence of necessary rules and regulations applying to the collection of waste from the hospital wards and the on-site transport to a temporary storage location, a lack of proper waste treatment, disposal of hospital waste along with municipal garbage, insufficient training of personnel, insufficient personal protective equipment and lack of knowledge regarding the proper use of such equipment, were the main findings. For a rapid improvement of existing conditions, performing extensive research for the assessment of present situation in the hospitals of this country, compilation of rules and establishment of standards along with effective training for the personnel is recommended.

Generation and Management of Disaster Waste

ABSTRACT The 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake of January 17, 1995 resulted in a devastating damages to the highly developed urbanized region of Kansai, and created a total of 20,000 Gg (20,000,000 ton) of debris. Debris clearance in two years became an urgent and difficult emergency management issue for the disaster managers in Kobe city and Hyogo prefecture. The status of debris clearance was reviewed for each of the demolition operation phase, transportation, crushing and separation at a temporary storage location, disposal at final landfill site phases in terms of problems and state of progress. In practice, most of the debris may be either disposed of at landfill sites or reused as materials for construction. Therefore the debris clearance operation should focus on the geotechnical engineering approach as an important post-disaster issue to control the quality of the incoming flow of potential soil materials. The importance of an emergency management perspective in this geotechnical approach which takes into account the different criteria related to the operation execution is proposed.

The processing of water vapor and aerosols by atmospheric clouds, a global estimate

Recent data published in literature on global cloudiness and precipitation as well as data on updrafts in clouds and their liquid water contents allow us to estimate the global turnover of water vapor and liquid water in the atmosphere. From these turnover rates the global average capacity of clouds to uptake, store and release atmospheric aerosol mass and the rate of wet deposition on the ground was estimated. The results of such an estimate suggest that clouds contribute significantly to the processing of aerosol material in the atmosphere as they constitute an important temporary storage location for it. Although the contribution of aerosol mass resulting from a single evaporation of the global cloud mass is small, the large number of evaporation-condensation cycles which the atmospheric cloud mass on global average undergoes causes that on global average the global cloud mass represents a transfer-source of aerosol material whose release strength is of the same order as the strength of the major net sources of aerosol material. Since this transfer source is located inside the atmosphere it contributes most probably as a space source significantly to the observed uniformity of the atmospheric background aerosol above about 5 km altitude. A comparison of the total release strength of aerosol material from clouds with the total source strength of aerosol material from the Earth's surface suggests that on global average an atmospheric aerosol particle, as sampled by an observer far from any specific surface source, has already been cycled 3 times through the global cloud system prior to sampling.