Temporary Storage Area Research Articles

Proses Pengelolaan Limbah Medis Padat di Rumah Sakit Umum Mamami Kupang

Mamami Kupang General Hospital as a health service facility produces medical and non-medical waste. The results of surveys carried out by infectious solid medical waste at Mamami General Hospital are usually collected from waste producing places/rooms, including the Emergency Unit (ER), laboratory, nurse station, operating room, pharmacy installation, VK room, outpatient room/polyclinic. . For the process of burning/destroying medical waste, Mamami General Hospital collaborates with PT. Wastec Internasional (destroyer) and PT. Sagraha Satya Sawahita (Carrier). The average amount of solid infectious waste produced every day is around 7 kg. This research aims to determine the process of managing solid medical waste at the Mamami Kupang General Hospital. This type of research is quantitative research, with a descriptive research design. The population in this study was the solid medical waste producing unit at the Mamami Kupang General Hospital and health workers who handled the problem under study. The technique used in this research is nonprobability sampling, namely total sampling. The research results show that the medical waste management process at Mamami Kupang General Hospital, especially in temporary shelters, still requires attention. Transportation of solid medical waste from waste generating units is not encouraged using special trolleys and the accumulation of medical waste in temporary storage areas due to the unavailability of containers.

New data-based analysis tool for functioning of natural flood management measures reveals multi-site time-variable effectiveness

Temporary storage areas (TSAs) are a type of Natural Flood Management measure or nature-based solution that can provide additional storage during flood events by intercepting and attenuating surface runoff. Pressures on land use and an increase in climate change induced storms means there is a need to create additional storage within multifunctional rural landscapes. Implementation of small-scale TSAs is slowly gaining momentum, but practitioners still require further evidence on their functioning during different storm events. Here we present the TSA Drainage Rate Analysis tool (TSA-DRA tool), a novel data-based mechanistic method that only requires rainfall and TSA water level data to describe individual TSA drainage rates. We developed and then used the TSA-DRA tool to perform a multi-site assessment of different TSAs, allowing comparisons of TSA functioning across different types or time-variable factors. TSA design and outlet were found to be the dominant controls on drainage rates when the feature is full. Meanwhile, time-variable differences in functioning were more evident at lower water levels, when soil infiltration was the main TSA outflow. Results from a modelling experiment using observed time-variable TSA drainage rates suggested that these can impact the TSAs flood mitigation effectiveness. Specifically, for a particular event, soil conditions of a TSA in NE Scotland were more effective during spring than winter in attenuating surface runoff. Understanding spatial and temporal differences in TSA drainage rates will help optimise existing and future TSA designs, ensuring small-scale headwater TSAs are successfully integrated within rural catchments to mitigate an increasing exposure to hydrological extremes.

Analisis Pengelolaan Limbah Medis Padat di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Haji Abdoel Madjid Batoe (RSUD HAMBA) Kabupaten Batanghari

Regional General Hospital Haji Abdoel Madjid Batoe (RSUD HAMBA) Batanghari Regency is included in the ten hospitals that produce the most solid medical waste in 2021. In 2022, 115,781 kg of waste is generated, consisting of 14,425 kg of infectious solid waste and 14,425 kg of non-infectious waste 101.356 kgs. If the increase in medical waste is not addressed and managed seriously, it will cause massive environmental degradation. The purpose of this research is to analyze the management of solid medical waste (Sorting and Container, Transportation, Storage and Processing) and develop a solid medical waste management strategy at HAMBA Hospital in Batanghari Regency according to Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation P.56/Menlhk-Setjen/2015. The process of sorting and container has been separated directly from the waste producer, transportation and storage are transported by special officers (Cleaning Service) and stored in the temporary storage area (TPS) of B3 waste. Processing using its own incinerator which already has a permit. The strategy for managing solid medical waste at HAMBA Hospital in Batanghari Regency with a SWOT analysis, namely, establishing cooperation with other hospitals and health centers, providing education and training budgets for management officers and operators to obtain B3 waste management competency certification.

Redesign of the temporary storage facilities for hazardous and toxic waste at PT X

PT X is an industry engaged in the production of snacks. The processes and activities in the industry produce by-products, namely hazardous and toxic waste. All waste is stored in temporary storage, but based on observations, the extant temporary storage does not meet the government's requirements. Accordingly, PT X redesigned a temporary storage area following government requirements. This study aims to identify a temporary storage location that complies with government regulations for PT X. Recording the types, characteristics, and quantities produced by PT X, followed by existing observation, is followed by the calculation of facility needs according to SNI and individual calculations. This research analysis provides property and layout recommendations to enhance the condition of PT X's temporary storage for hazardous and toxic refuse.

IDENTIFIKASI KELAYAKAN INFRASTRUKTUR TEMPAT PENAMPUNGAN SAMPAH (TPS) DI KOTA PALEMBANG

Containerization, collection, transportation, and final processing form the basis of the waste management system. These systems all require effective integration. Containment is a crucial basic component of waste management that is carried on to the collection system. An appropriate infrastructure is needed to support this system. Temporary waste storage areas with storage tank amenities are known as trash bins or TPS. The feasibility of TPS infrastructure is discussed in this study starting with the current state, the kind of damage that happened, and suggestions for improving the feasibility findings. The field observations, observations, and references for the TPS eligibility requirements, including SNI 19-2454-2002 and Minister of Public Works Regulation Number 03/PRT/M/2013, were employed as the data collection approaches. The garbage sorting criteria have not been met, according to the identification results, but the waste collection time conditions have been met because there is already a collection and transportation schedule, to not exceed 24 hours.

Perencanaan Tempat Penyimpanan Sementara (TPS) Limbah B3 (Studi Kasus: Kantor PT Pertamina Jagir, Surabaya)

Hazardous and Toxic Waste (B3) can cause pollution and environmental damage if directly discharged into the environment. To avoid the impact caused by B3 waste, an integrated and sustainable management system is needed. Hazardous and toxic waste generated by PT Pertamina Jagir office, Surabaya is still not managed according to applicable regulations. Hazardous and toxic waste management efforts are one of the efforts in the implementation of environmentally sound sustainable development. One of the efforts that can be done to overcome the waste problem at the PT Pertamina Jagir office, Surabaya is to carry out Planning and Management of Temporary Storage Areas (TPS) hazardous and toxic waste. This planning consists of 2 rooms, namely, a room for medical waste and a room for solid and liquid waste. The building area of the hazardous and toxic waste TPS is 18,10 m2 with details of 4,96 m x 3,65 m.

Identification of Hazardous and Toxic Waste Characterization in the Mining Activities of PT Semen Padang

Mining business activities in addition to producing mineral and coal production, also produce solid and liquid hazardous and toxic waste materials that have the potential to pollute the environment and can reduce the quality of human health and other living things mining. PT Semen Padang as the holder of a Production Operation Mining Business Permit (IUP OP), in addition to producing mining commodities in the form of limestone, silica, and clay, also has the potential to produce hazardous and toxic waste materials from mining activities, especially from the results of activities in mining workshops, both solid waste and liquid waste. For this reason, it is necessary to properly manage hazardous and toxic waste materials. PT Semen Padang has now carried out hazardous and toxic waste disposal by temporarily storing the hazardous and toxic waste it produces which is stored in a temporary storage area for hazardous and toxic waste materials.

Redesign of Hazardous and Toxic Waste Temporary Storage at PT ABC

PT ABC is an industry that produces hazardous and toxic waste. All waste generated is stored in temporary storage, but based on observations made, the existing temporary storage does not meet the standards set by the government. Therefore, a temporary storage area was redesigned at PT ABC in accordance with the standards set by the government. The objective of this study is to find a temporary storage place that complies with government regulations for PT ABC. The method used is to record the types, characteristics, and quantities produced by PT ABC, followed by existing observation, then proceed with the calculation of facility requirements according to SNI and individual calculations. A redesign is carried out by adjusting the calculation results, determining the required facilities, and making a design proposal. The results showed that PT ABC requires temporary storage of 6,1 m x 2,6 m x 4,4 m to accommodate all the waste generated for 3 months with the number of drums needed, namely 5 drums. The total ventilation needed is 6 pieces with a size of 0.5 m x 0.5 m. The required size of the spill container is 2.2 m x 1.2 m x 0.6 m, and it takes 3 lamps to illuminate the temporary storage.

Are the Effects of Opening New Mass Rapid Transit Segments in Taiwan on Nearby Housing Prices Positive?

This study evaluates the effects of opening new segments of mass rapid transit (MRT) lines on housing prices near the MRT stations in Tucheng District and Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, Taiwan. The effect of proximity to each MRT station is estimated separately with difference-in-differences regressions integrated with spatial econometrics with heteroscedasticity-robust standard errors. The opening of the new segment of the Blue Line, also known as Bannan Line of the Taipei Metro, does not significantly influence housing prices within 600-metre road network distance of the MRT stations, compared to prices outside the distance range. In contrast, and also unlike the findings of prior studies, although the segment and the stations are underground structures, the opening of the new segment of the Orange Line, also known as the Zhonghe-Xinlu Line of the Taipei Metro, significantly decreases housing prices within 600-metre road network distance of the MRT stations, compared to prices outside the distance range, perhaps because the opening of the stations is delayed about one and a half years to be used as a temporary storage area for MRT trains. The findings have implications for homebuyers, investors, mortgage lending institutions and tax assessment authorities.

Pemetaan Kualitas Air Tanah Desa Sambibulu Kabupaten Sidoarjo di Area Tempat Penampungan Sampah Sementara

Garbage and water are two important things for human life. Water is one of the natural resources needed by all living things in the world, both humans, animals and plants. Therefore, it must be protected and preserved so that it is not contaminated. One type of pollution is placing garbage close to groundwater sources so that it produces leachate which contaminates the soil. Sidoarjo has a TPS Sambibulu which is a temporary storage area for waste that uses open land because there is no solution to divert it, before finally being disposed of in the Jabon TPA. The location is Jalan Sambibulu, Sambibulu Village, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java 61257. This TPS serves 8,466 people. The average amount of TPS waste is 1024 kg/day, consisting of 39% inorganic waste and 61% organic waste. The purpose of this work is to determine the soil water content in the wells around the TPS with the parameters tested, namely. ammonia (NH3), phosphate (PO), organic matter (KMnO) and groundwater pH at several distances from TPS Sambibulu, and identification. the spread of waste pollution from TPS to groundwater. Based on the results of the study it is known that the majority of pollutant at TPS 0 m, 10 m, 50 m and 100 m exceed PP RI No. 82 of 2001 and PERMENKES RI no. 92/MENKES/PER/IV/2010, but the concentration values of all parameters at a distance of 100 meters from TPS meet the approved quality standards.

Mitigating floods and attenuating surface runoff with temporary storage areas in headwaters

AbstractTemporary storage areas (TSAs) represent a category of soft‐engineered nature‐based solutions that can provide dispersed, small‐scale storage throughout a catchment. TSAs store and attenuate surface runoff, providing new additional storage during flood events. The need for such additional catchment storage will become more urgent as the frequency and magnitude of extreme hydrological events increases due to climate change. Implementation of TSAs in headwater catchments is slowly gaining momentum, but practitioners still require further evidence on how such measures function during flood events. This review focuses on the role of relatively small‐scale (<10,000 m3) TSAs in headwater catchments for flood risk management. It also explores the potential wider benefits for implementing these as part of an integrated catchment management approach. TSA flood mitigation effectiveness is primarily determined by the TSA's available storage prior to the event. At the local scale, this can be represented by the relationship between TSA inputs, outputs and total storage. Factors influencing the local functioning and effectiveness of TSAs are discussed, with potential considerations for optimizing future TSA design and management. Hydrological models have suggested that TSAs could be used to effectively attenuate high magnitude events. However, future considerations should involve addressing the lack of empirical evidence showing TSA catchment scale effectiveness and how local TSA functioning might change in time. Small‐scale headwater TSAs offer a holistic and sustainable approach to catchment management that can deliver both local benefits to landowners and wider flood risk mitigation for society.This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water Science of Water > Water Extremes Science of Water > Hydrological Processes

Experimental Study on Rheological Properties of Temporary Storage Sludge

In order to master the rheological properties of temporary sludge, the sludge in Shanghai Laogang temporary storage area was sampled, and the rheological properties test was carried out. The effects of temperature, solid content and other parameters on the rheological properties of sludge were analyzed. Based on the above research and analysis results, the key parameters that affect the rheological properties of sewage sludge were analyzed, and combined with previous research conclusions, the methods such as summary and numerical fitting were used. The sludge function expression of the rheological characteristics of the temporary storage sludge is obtained, which provides theoretical guidance for the transport of sludge in the temporary storage area.

PROCESSING OF FLY ASH & BOTTOM ASH IN THE MANUFACTURING OF PAVING BLOCKS TO REDUCE THE TOTAL POLLUTION OF NON-B3 WASTE AT PLTU NAGAN RAYA

Industrial waste remains a problem in today's industrial era. The rapid development of industry has led to an increase in solid, liquid and gaseous wastes. Fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) are solid wastes from coal combustion. In this study, the authors wanted to know how to utilize fly ash and bottom ash solid waste in the manufacture of paving blocks in order to reduce non-B3 waste pollution by combining cement as the adhesive material. This research is descriptive with a qualitative approach, the data collection method is obtained through direct interviews with environmental operators who are responsible for the manufacture of paving blocks, and the data is taken from the PLTU Nagan Raya document. The results showed that the operational activities of PLTU Nagan Raya produce 60-70 tons of fly ash and 8-10 tons of bottom ash per day in the form of solid waste in one operating unit. Temporary Storage Area (TPS) Fly ash and bottom ash are coated with High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), and Geonet. The results of the research suggest that the use of fly ash and bottom ash should not only be used in the manufacture of paving blocks and internal materials, but also in the manufacture of other external building materials, so as to reduce the amount of non-B3 waste at PLTU Nagan Raya.

Medical Waste Management: An Assessment of District-Level Public Health Facilities in Bangladesh.

BackgroundDue to the huge patient load and different types of services, public health facilities produce a bulk of medical waste (MW) in Bangladesh. Improper disposal of MW increases the risk of infection among healthcare service personnel, patients, and attendants. To ensure quality services, this study aimed to assess the practices of MW management and quantify those to find out the shortcomings in the specific steps of waste management.MethodologyAs part of a larger interventional study, a facility assessment was conducted from February to April 2016 at a District Hospital (DH) and a Mother and Child Welfare Centre (MCWC) in one district. Non-participatory observation of MW management was done using a checklist that was developed following the Guideline for Medical Waste Management of Bangladesh. Scoring was applied for various activities of MW management performed in the study facilities.ResultsThe overall scores for bin management, segregation, and collection of waste were 64.5%, 58.1%, and 62.0% in DH and 53.1%, 41.5%, and 48.0% in MCWC, respectively. The performance of operation theater in MCWC was the lowest among different corners (16.7% to 36.0%). Reusable waste was segregated poorly (32% in DH and 0% in MCWC), and almost none was shredded (4% in DH and 0% in MCWC). Waste was transported from in-house to out-house temporary storage area in an open bin without any trolley or specific route. The storage area was accessible to unauthorized persons, for example, a waste picker in DH. While DH segregated 84% of its infectious waste at the source, it eventually got mixed up with other waste in the storage area and delivered to the municipality to be dumped. MCWC could segregate only 40% of its infectious waste at the source and disposed of them using the pit method. Both the facilities disposed of sharp MW by open-air burning and liquid waste through sewerage without any treatment.ConclusionsThe performance of MW management was poor in both study facilities. Advocacy to the healthcare personnel and refresher training along with supportive supervision and monitoring may improve the situation. Moreover, a larger study is needed to find out the reasons behind such poor MW management.

Sediment budget of a cuspate shoreline and its influence on spit development—Lagoa dos Patos, Brazil

The coastal sediment budget is an essential tool to understand erosion/accretion patterns along coastlines and to predict future changes. This work is one of the first approaches of a coastal sediment budget study in a cuspate shoreline covering the whole embayment-spit system. Taking this into consideration, this study aims to estimate the main longshore sediment transport patterns and propose a conceptual model of the regional sediment budget of the lagoon cuspate shoreline (Lagoa dos Patos-Brazil), while also analyzing its influence on the spit development. To do so, representative wind conditions (direction and speed) were used to force a validated lagoon wave model utilizing the process-based modeling suite Delft3D. The potential longshore sediment transport was computed along widely distributed cross-sections, based on representative wave cases, and the annual sediment budget was estimated. The results showed a pattern of inter-related source and storage areas along the bay beaches and the occurrence of short-term nodal zones (convergent and divergent), which have an important control on the regional sediment budget of the coast. The central littoral cells of the embayments behave as temporary sediment storage areas, while the southern littoral cells act as sources of sediments to the spits. The findings of this study demonstrate the important control that short-term nodal zones have on the annual coastal sediment budget of complex coastline shapes and, the importance of the budget of the adjacent updrift cell to the sediment supply for the spits.

Lagrangian relaxation algorithm for the truck scheduling problem with products time window constraint in multi-door cross-dock

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Cross-docking is a kind of process that products are unloaded in front of the inbound doors, consolidated based on the downstream demand, and then directly transferred to the outbound doors without a long storage process during the transportation. In this paper, a multi-door cross-dock truck scheduling problem is investigated in which the scheduling and sequencing assignment of trucks need to be considered, with the objectives of minimizing the inner transportation cost in the cross-dock and the total truck waiting cost. The major contribution of this paper is that a novel product-related time window constraint and the temporary storage area are firstly introduced to adapt to different physical conditions of goods considering real-world requirements. Then, a Lagrangian relaxation algorithm is proposed which aims to decompose the relaxed problem into several easy-to-be-solved sub-problems. Besides, a subgradient algorithm is used at each iteration to further deal with these sub-problems. Finally, theory analysis and simulation experiments of different problem scales are carried out during the comparison with a Greedy algorithm to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Results indicate that the Lagrangian relaxation algorithm is able to achieve more satisfactory near-optimal solutions within an acceptable time.</p>

Technical and economic indicators of the Festival microdistrict of Yoshkar-Ola

In order to design a comfortable living environment for everyday life, namely it pertains to residential sector of microdistrict, it is necessary to take into account a range of nuances: the number and size of public utility sites and children’s playgrounds, guest parking lots and temporary car storage areas, the number of green spaces and common areas, as well as the number and size of children's educational institutions, shops, cultural and consumer service enterprises and much more. On the other hand, the comparison of different neighborhoods or the dynamics in the development of a single neighborhood requires digital indicators in absolute or relative values. In urban planning the technical and economic indicators of residential development are applied for these purposes. Technical and economic indicators are used for various purposes, including for comparative analysis of the quality of life in a residential area and even the cost of residential units. First and foremost, they are related to the size of the microdistrict and the number of residents. Some of them depend on these indicators, for example the density of residential buildings; some affect them, for example, the number of storeys affects the density of housing and density of residents; other indicators depend on the key technical and economic indicators, such as a number of parking lots, green spaces, and size of playgrounds.

Agent Orange Chemical Plant Locations in the United States and Canada: Environmental and Human Health Impacts

During the Vietnam War, millions of liters of six tactical herbicides were sprayed on the southern Vietnam landscape to defoliate forests, to clear military perimeters and to destroy enemy food supplies. The environmental and human health impacts of spraying these herbicides, especially Agent Orange and those formulated with mixtures that included 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) which was contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetracholorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) have been documented over the last 60 years. The dioxin TCDD clean-up efforts at former military bases and other Vietnam hotspots are ongoing. However, the lesser-told story was the environmental and human health impacts on the communities and chemical plant workers who manufactured Agent Orange and other herbicides that became contaminated with dioxin TCDD in the manufacturing processes at seven locations in the United States and one site in Canada. The pollution at these chemical plant sites, adjacent rivers and groundwater is well known within each affected state or province but not widely recognized beyond their localities. In this paper we assess the national long-term effects on land, groundwater and river resources where Agent Orange and other agricultural herbicides containing 2,4,5-T with unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD were manufactured, transported, and temporarily stored. The sites where residual tactical herbicides with contaminated by-products were applied to public lands or disposed of by military and civilian workers within the United States and Canada are identified. After 60 years, these communities are still paying the price for the U.S. Government, DOD and USDA decisions to provide and use agricultural herbicides as tactical chemical weapons during the Vietnam War (1962-1971). There have been human health issues associated with the chemical manufacture, transport, storage and disposal of these herbicides related to workers who moved these chemical weapons from United States and Canada to SE Asia. Most of these dioxin contaminated tactical herbicides were transported via railroads to ports at Mobile, Alabama and Gulfport, Mississippi. They were then loaded on ocean-going ships and transported via the Panama Canal for use during the Vietnam War. The objective of this study is to document the environmental and human consequences of the manufacture of tactical herbicides with dioxin TCDD and arsenic on the chemical plant, transportation, application, storage and disposal workers. The costs of cleanup of these North America chemical plant sites, transportation corridors, temporary and long-term storage areas, supply chain storage facilities with residual tactical herbicide, application, and disposal sites to date, is in the billions of dollars. Billions have been spent on hazardous waste incineration to destroy the dioxin TCDD or bury it in certified landfills. Government mandated environmental covenants are on titles of properties still contaminated with high levels of dioxin TCDD. If landowners attempt to rescind land use restrictions, many more billions of dollars will be needed to finish the environmental cleanup and restore natural resources. These cost estimates do not include the billions of dollars needed to treat the effects of dioxin TCDD exposure of U.S. and Canadian civilian workers who manufactured and handled these contaminated herbicides during the Vietnam War as well as address human health issues of their offspring.

Pelatihan Perencanaan Optimalisasi Sistem Lahan Pertanian Masyarakat Desa Kramat Kabupaten Lamongan

Reservoir is a container or place for storing raw water, which will later be used as a temporary water storage area, then used as a place for water treatment for the continued growth of rice plants. In addition to rice plants, reservoirs are also used to minimize drought disasters in the dry season. The construction of this reservoir will be used by the Kramat village community to improve the economy in two sectors, namely agriculture and village potential, Kramat village itself is one of the villages in Lamongan Regency which has an area of ​​194.80 hectares and is located in Lamongan sub-district which has a population of 2,012 people. Most of their livelihoods are farmers. Seeing such conditions, farmers need facilities to help meet the needs of raw water for their agricultural land which will be planned with the planning method carried out by the construction of the reservoir with various stages such as measuring with 2 methods, either surveying in the field or utilizing digital applications or software using fields area or Google earth, after finding the size, then we can determine the sketch of the image on the reservoir by drawing in AutoCAD software. The area of ​​land used for the construction of the reservoir has an area of ​​1,452.03 m2, which is later estimated to be able to accommodate 8,507,190 L of water. The total volume of excavation work is 8,507.19 m3 with an estimated work period of 23 days. Excavator pc 200 heavy equipment operational cost : Rp. 101.200.000 per 23 days and for Dump truck capacity of 8 m3: Rp. 2,400,000 (2 dump trucks) per day.

Penerapan Metode HIRADC pada Bagian Proses Penerimaan di PT. CA

Every job has the opportunity of the risk because occurrence of work accidents can be caused by various factors. PT. CA is a large distributor of motorcycle spare parts which has activities including receiving goods from fabrication and then storing them in temporary warehouses before being distributed to dealers in various regions. The company's activities have a large potential for accidents due to several operations. To hazard identification, risk assessment, and determining control in any work that occurs or has the potential to occur, it is necessary to analyze using HIRADC. The method used is a descriptive method described in the flow process and then identified possible hazards that occur in each activity step. After the identification process is complete, a risk assessment is carried out to determine the form of control. The object of research is the receiving section of the work area. The results of this study are that the receiving section has 7 existing activities and there are 20 potential hazards that are possible, from these potentials the current control is to maximize APD to minimize danger. The highest level of risk is substantial in the activity of moving cargo to temporary storage or inspection areas with a potential danger of crashing into workers which has an impact on limb injuries, fractures, and even death, so this activity is a concern to avoid work accidents. In addition, it is determined that hazard control is carried out by means of forklift lanes that are not allowed to be passed by workers and control recommendations are in the form of setting SOPs, ensuring that forklifts complete their activities to carry out inspections. Keywords: Occupational safety, potential hazard, identification, risk, control, HIRADC