Temporary Redundancy Research Articles

Метод Монте-Карло для оценки устойчивости функционирования объекта информатизации в условиях массированных компьютерных атак

Methods of mathematical statistics and probability theory are deeply studied and can be successfully used as a means of assessing the stability of the functioning of informatization objects (OI) in the normal conditions of its application. The standard conditions allow us to obtain representative descriptive statistics, evaluate the corresponding probabilistic characteristics and apply the methods of probability theory. Ensuring the reliability of the functioning 
 of OI in normal conditions is provided by effective operational cover. However, for massive computer attacks (MCA), the dynamics of OI behavior and the development of the situation are unpredictable, and the events themselves are rare, which does not allow the above methods to be correctly applied. The significance and novelty of the study lies in the positive assessment of the applicability of the Monte Carlo method for assessing the survivability of the restored OI, which is subject to MCA and has temporary redundancy (recoverability). Assessing OI survivability is considered from the point of view of the need to implement a methodology for ensuring the risks of information security associated with MCA. The statement of the problem, the modeling algorithm, and solution examples are given, on the basis 
 of which it is possible to recommend the Monte Carlo method for solving the set problem. The enlarged stages of the statistical modeling procedure are given, the solution of the actual problem of assessing OI stability for MCA conditions is described. The obtained partial conclusions may be of interest for planning further scientific research in the direction of improving the processes of decision making to ensure the sustainability of the functioning of OI in conditions of targeted aggressive influences. A case of statistical modeling is given, taking into account possible scenarios for applying MCA and interpreting the simulation results

Quality of sleep among social media users during the lockdown period due to COVID-19 in Spain

AimsTo analyse the quality of sleep of the Spanish population during the lockdown due to COVID-19. DesignCross-sectional descriptive study using a web based survey design. MethodsPittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and sociodemographic, occupational, health and sleep quality variables were used to collect data during the first month of the lockdown period due to COVID-19 (March–April 2020). A snowball sampling was carried out, where participants were asked to disseminate and distribute the questionnaire among their own profiles in social networks. ResultsA representative sample of 5220 participants aged ≥18 years old took part in the study. The global PSQI score was 8.17 points (SD 4.43). A statistical association was found between the global PSQI score and several of the variables collected. Findings show that the quality of sleep was worse among women (p < 0.001), single participants (p 0.02), those working in rotating shifts (p < 0.001), on-site workers (p < 0.001), and people diagnosed with COVID-19 or who had someone in their environment diagnosed with the virus (p < 0.001). ConclusionFindings show that the Spanish population has experienced poor quality of sleep during the lockdown period. Being a woman, working in rotating shifts, having suffered from COVID-19 or having someone close suffering from COVID-19, being unemployed or being affected by a Temporary Redundancy Scheme, as well as spending long hours in bed were associated with poorer sleep quality. On the contrary, being older and sleeping longer hours were associated with a better sleep quality.

Stationary characteristics of the restorable system with the sequential structure, temporal time reserve and disabling of elements

The object of study is a multicomponent restored system with a consistent structure and element-wise temporary redundancy, in which in case of failure of one of the elements, all other elements are disabled. It is assumed that all the random variables describing the evolution of the system in time have distribution functions of a general form. The average stationary times of stay of the system in operable and failure states are found; stationary availability factor and average system specific profit. A numerical example shows the dependence of the stationary characteristics of the system on the value of the temporary reserve. The problem of determining the volume of the temporary reserve of elements that ensures the system availability factor is not lower than the system availability coefficient with a structurally loaded reserve, each element of which is duplicated by an equally reliable element.

Influence of gibberellin on the mesostructural organization of the leaf, accumulation and redistribution of assimilates and feeding elements of the gooseberry plants (Grossularia reclinat) in connection with the productivity of culture

The effect of gibberellic acid on morphogenesis, mesostructural leaf organization, accumulation and redistribution of various forms of carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium between the organs of gooseberry plants of the Mashenka variety in relation to the productivity of the culture has been established. The aim of the study was to find out the peculiarities of morphogenesis, the formation of the leaf apparatus, the accumulation and redistribution of assimilates and nitrogen-containing compounds between the organs of gooseberry plants for the actions of gibberellic acid in connection with the productivity of the culture. Materials and methods. Plants were treated once during the budding period with a 0.05 % m gibireleic acid solution during the budding phase. The carbohydrate content was determined by the iodometric method, nitrogen - by Keldahl, phosphorus - by the intensity of the formation of the phosphorus-molifbdenovogo complex, potassium - by flame-photometric, the content of chlorophylls - spectrophotometrically. Results . Under the influence of the drug, a more powerful donor sphere was formed due to the growth of chlorenchyma due to an increase in the volume and linear dimensions of the cells of the columnar and spongy assimilation tissue. This led to enhanced assimilation, an increase in the content of non-structural carbohydrates (sugar + starch) in the shoots. Processing gibberellin contributed to the optimization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves and shoots. A significant deponuvalous capacity of the stems in the temporary redundancy of an aksimilit and gooseberry plant nutrients with the subsequent reutilization of them to the processes of carpogenesis has been established. Changes in the nature of donor-acceptor relations in gooseberry plants under the influence of gibberellic acid caused the redistribution of assimilate and nutrient fluxes from vegetative organs to fruits, and had a positive effect on the crop productivity. Findings. The use of gibberellic acid led to the formation of a more powerful donor sphere, the accumulation and temporary deposit of the part of carbohydrates and mineral nutrients in the vegetative organs of gooseberry plants, followed by their remobilization on the need for fruit formation and growth, led to a significant increase in yield and improved the product quality

Methodical approach to estimation of operation effectiveness of information system with temporary redundancy

Methodical approach to estimation of operation effectiveness of information system with temporary redundancy

Intracellular metabolic pathway distribution in diatoms and tools for genome-enabled experimental diatom research

Diatoms are important primary producers in the oceans and can also dominate other aquatic habitats. One reason for the success of this phylogenetically relatively young group of unicellular organisms could be the impressive redundancy and diversity of metabolic isoenzymes in diatoms. This redundancy is a result of the evolutionary origin of diatom plastids by a eukaryote-eukaryote endosymbiosis, a process that implies temporary redundancy of functionally complete eukaryotic genomes. During the establishment of the plastids, this redundancy was partially reduced via gene losses, and was partially retained via gene transfer to the nucleus of the respective host cell. These gene transfers required re-assignment of intracellular targeting signals, a process that simultaneously altered the intracellular distribution of metabolic enzymes compared with the ancestral cells. Genome annotation, the correct assignment of the gene products and the prediction of putative function, strongly depends on the correct prediction of the intracellular targeting of a gene product. Here again diatoms are very peculiar, because the targeting systems for organelle import are partially different to those in land plants. In this review, we describe methods of predicting intracellular enzyme locations, highlight findings of metabolic peculiarities in diatoms and present genome-enabled approaches to study their metabolism.This article is part of the themed issue 'The peculiar carbon metabolism in diatoms'.

Trust offers career breaks for staff to save £4.7 million.

A cash-strapped NHS trust is offering staff temporary redundancies until April next year, when it hopes to have enough funds to pay them again.