Temporary Positions Research Articles

The Effect of Job Insecurity on Women’s Mental Health

Job insecurity on women’s mental health is a growing concern in these days in labour market, where economic instability. Women often experience heightened jobs insecurity due to factors like gender discrimination, caregiving responsibilities and the prevalence of part time or temporary positions. This insecurity can lead to significant psychological distress, manifesting as anxiety, depression and diminished self- esteem. The objective is to examine how job insecurity influences mental health outcomes in women, to identify the specific factors contributing to job insecurity for women. The study is based on secondary data such as books, journals, newspaper, government reports and internet etc. The main finding of the study is to increase psychological distress, organizational role to support for reduce negativity, stress and insecurity in women workplace and enhance their capability in workplace. The study suggests that increased job securities, fair wages and transparent communication regarding job expectations and security. The government should take steps for them maintain mantle health, supporting program, including counseling services and stress management workshops. They should equal rights to women in workplace to maintain women’s mental health.

Between luck and stigma: gendered experiences of precarity in higher education in the UK and the US

ABSTRACT Through a phenomenological research design, this study explores experiences of precarity among early-career academics in the UK and the USA higher education sectors. These contexts, while similar, exhibit structural differences as pioneers of neoliberalization in the Global North. Conducting semi-structured interviews with 20 early-career academics in both contexts, the study delves into shared and distinct experiences of precarity, manifesting in unstable working conditions, uncertain futures, and competitive job markets dominated by temporary positions. The findings illuminate the role of emotions and gendered experiences in navigating precarity. Accordingly, informants in both contexts expressed being lucky to have academic positions even when they are temporary ones embedded in gendered hierarchies, while informants in the USA further highlighted being stigmatized. The study argues that the experiences of precarity unsettle meritocratic ideals in both cases, whereby individual success and achievements become irrelevant and excluded, and gendered inequalities are overshadowed.

The Impact of Tourism on the Labor Market of Local Service Industries in Barcelona

This study examines the impact of tourism on the labor market of local service industries in Barcelona, focusing on employment trends, job quality, and economic implications. Utilizing quantitative data from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics and the Barcelona Tourism Board, the research reveals that tourism has significantly driven job creation in sectors such as hospitality, retail, and transportation, with employment growth rates outpacing the city’s overall average. However, the predominance of part-time and temporary positions, coupled with lower wage levels, raises concerns about job stability and quality. Seasonal employment variations and spatial distribution analysis highlight the dependence of certain districts on tourism, leading to economic volatility and socio-economic challenges such as rising housing prices and cost of living. The study underscores the need for balanced policy approaches that enhance job security, improve labor conditions, and address housing affordability to ensure sustainable and inclusive economic growth. Recommendations include promoting year-round tourism, diversifying tourism offerings, and implementing regulatory measures to protect local residents’ quality of life.

An Assessment on the Prospect of Gig Economy to Create Employment Opportunity

The study describes a gig economy as a free market system in which enterprises regularly use independent contractors for temporary assignments and where temporary positions are prevalent. The so-called "gig economy" considerably impacts the workplace, seen in every sector of the economy. It has had a profound impact on how people interact with one another at work and has brought about a fundamental change in the way our economic study operates as a whole. Due to the unrivaled advantages of working as a gig economy worker, the number of people who do so will continue to increase. This is because many of the most skilled people opt to work as gig economy workers full-time. Moreover, because employment opportunities in Bangladesh are pretty uncommon, and many educated individuals with degrees still need help finding work, the gig economy will be an excellent option for all people still looking for work. Even while it provides workers with several benefits, such as flexibility, employment, independence, and many more, the gig economy also has a detrimental impact on the working environment inside the firm. The research uses 104 respondents' data, which gathers information on model variables and user demographics. For the research, the study has taken five variables: employment opportunity, labor market conditions, education and skill development, economic conditions, and government regulations. The study treated the employment opportunity as a dependent variable, while the other four were treated as independent variables. The purpose of this research is to find out the current developments in the gig economy and its advantages and downsides, both internationally and in Bangladesh, which have been discussed in this article. Moreover, how it can help create employment opportunities and help the country reduce unemployment.

Involution, No Revolution: Technocapitalism and Intern Labour

The global economic downturn due to the pandemic has resulted in shrinking the digital market in big economies such as the USA and China. After the pandemic, many of the major tech and internet-based companies had to take action to reverse their declining balance sheets and look for ways to financially rebound. Illustrated in this paper is how these tech firms in China could further advance their economy by minimising their paid manpower by working with/under the education system and inventing new temporary intern positions as semi-(im)material labour to expand their workforce. Based on our ethnographic work and interviews with interns, we elucidate the case of a Chinese tech intern, which exemplifies what we refer to as involution. Involution is a process by which the new generation is induced to accept a much more precarious economy as a result of nominal pay, yet can nevertheless survive, meet their daily needs and dwell in big cities, rather than engaging a radical change or revolution.

Fabrication and load test of ITER assembly tools for lifting heavy components

Korea Domestic Agency (ITER Korea, KODA) has procured 44 kind's assembly tools for ITER project. The assembly tools are classified by the steel structure, lifting table and lifting accessory. ‘PF 1, 6 and Central Solenoid Lifting Frame’ (CS Lifting Frame) and ‘Sector Lifting Tool’ (SLT) are the representative assembly tool classified the lifting accessory. The assembly tools handle the heavy component which over 1,000 tones for payload. In this reason, the verification of the strength of the tools is very important and the integrity of lifting accessory tools was verified by not only structural analysis but also load test at factory under 1.5 times the payload for minimum 15 min. It is the requirements of the technical specification. The main role of PF 1, 6 and CS Lifting Frame is to lift and transfer the ITER components (PF1 coil, PF6 coil and CS coil) from the assembly hall to the tokamak fit and their temporary support positions. The CS coil is heaviest component in payloads handled by CS Lifting Frame. The weight is about 1,000 tones and CS Lifting Frame was verified by 1,500 tones load test. Sector Lifting Frame is to lift and transfer the 40° sector module from Sector Sub-Assembly Tool (SSAT) to tokamak fit. The sector module consists of Vacuum Vessel (VV), VV Thermal Shield and Two Toroidal Flied Coils. The total weight of the sector module is about 1,300 tones and Sector Lifting Frame was verified by 2,000 tones load test. The load test was carried out according to test procedure approved by IO. This paper describes the overall test method, customized test JIG and result of the lifting tools for handling heavy components of ITER.

초등 교원양성기관 졸업자의 노동시장 성과 및 영향요인 변화 분석

Objectives This study aims to examine the background of the current social issue of elementary teacher supply and demand, and to analyze changes in the labor market outcomes of graduates from elementary teacher training institutions, and identify influencing factors.
 Methods Data from the Korean Employment Information Institute's 2009, 2019 Graduates' Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS) of 315 elementary education graduates were used. Weighted variables were applied to the 2019 GOMS data for 170 graduates and the 2009 GOMS data for 145 graduates. Frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyze labor market outcomes among graduates. Cross-tabulation and logistic regression analysis were employed to identify factors influencing their employment using STATA 15.0.
 Results Compared to 2009 graduates, 2019 graduates experienced an 8% rise in unemployment, a 7% increase in irregular employment, and a 15% drop in regular employment. There was a 10% decrease in regular elementary teaching positions and an 11% increase in temporary teaching positions among 2019 graduates. Factors affecting employment differed: gender for 2009 graduates, while student loan status, participation in job psychology tests, and interview resume program participation were significant for 2019 graduates. Gender, school satisfaction, on-campus job experience, and participation in job psychology tests were influential for 2009 graduates, while graduation grade percentile and school location were significant for 2019 graduates.
 Conclusions Based on these findings, the study emphasizes the necessity of long-term perspectives in elementary teacher training and supply policy and the need for expanding career and employment support programs for current students in the short term.

Double truth: employment insecurity and gender inequality in Japan’s neoliberal promotion of side jobs

The ‘Work Style Reform’ (WSR) initiative, spearheaded by the late former Prime Minister Shinzō Abe, has advocated for the adoption of ‘fukugyō’ (‘side jobs’) as an additional source of income for workers. While this initiative is often uncritically viewed as a possible solution to insecure employment, especially for women employed in low-paying, temporary positions, this article argues that the WSR’s promotion of fukugyō, reinforces patriarchal norms rather than challenging them. Furthermore, it critiques the neoliberal ideology that underpins the WSR initiative, which portrays underpriviledged groups of workers, such as working women in non-regular employment earning less than their male counterparts, as ‘flexible’, ‘autonomous’ and ‘entrepreneurial’, capable of juggling multiple jobs while fulfiling their domestic duties. The article claims that the WSR’s promotion of fukugyō lacks sufficient legal safeguards and social welfare support for fukugyō workers, the majority of whom are not recognised as ‘workers’ under Japan’s labour law. As a result, it could exacerbate the problems of employment insecurity and gender inequality in Japan.

Turbulent academic journey of female academics: a meta-synthesis

ABSTRACT Globally, only a small percentage of women hold full-time tenured faculty or leadership positions, and the attrition rate remains high. The reasons for the gender disparity were mostly presented quantitatively with little consideration in qualitative reviews. We seek to consolidate the qualitative evidence examining female academics’ experiences. Six electronic databases were searched from the inception date until October 2021. The included studies were assessed for quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. The meta-synthesis was performed according to Sandelowski and Barroso’s guidelines. Fifty-nine articles were retrieved to identify three main themes: (1) Conflict between career and gender expectations in contemporary neoliberal society, (2) Barriers for females in academia, and (3) Effective strategies that kept female academics going. Our findings highlighted that women from different academic positions and fields often faced overlapping career challenges. Women frequently occupied temporary and contract-based positions and faced gender-biased challenges in promotions, mentoring, and networking opportunities. Current policies were limited to the needs of academic women, especially in work-life integration. With the coronavirus disease widening the gender gap in academia, change is timely to re-examine cultures and policies towards workplace discrimination.

Gig Economy

Gig economy is a free market system in which temporary positions are common and organisations contract with independent workers for short-term engagements Although the concept of the gig economy has been around for a long time, it has been under increasing scrutiny due to the increasing number of people who are able to access it through the Internet. Due to the technological advancements that have occurred in the past couple of years, it has become easier for people to access the gig economy. The concept of the gig economy was initially perceived as a side hustle. However, it has quickly become a trillion-dollar industry that has millions of participants. Due to the technological advancements that have occurred in the past couple of years, it has become easier for people to access the gig economy. In the modern digital world, it's becoming increasingly common for people to work remotely or from home. This trend accelerated during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The gig economy can serve up to 90 million jobs in the non-farm sectors in India with a potential to add 1.25% to the GDP over the "long term". As India moves towards its stated goal of becoming a USD 5 trillion economy by 2025, the gig economy will be a major building block in bridging the income and unemployment gap.

The Silent Mental Health and Well‐Being Crisis of Early Career Researchers in Aquatic Sciences

The Silent Mental Health and Well‐Being Crisis of Early Career Researchers in Aquatic Sciences

Policy Analysis Of Competence Development Of Civil Servants Through Education

The development of the competence of civil servants (PNS) is guaranteed in Law Number 5 of 2014. Technically this policy is regulated in the Circular Letter of the Minister of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform (MENPAN RB) Number 28 of 2021. This policy is a general policy, giving rise to challenges in its implementation for Ministries, Institutions, Local Governments (K/L/D), civil servants, and the State Civil Service Agency (BKN) or Menpan RB as regulators and implementers of education policies for civil servants. This research is a public policy analysis process, the analysis is carried out qualitatively with a scenario writing approach. The author is of the opinion that the existing policies still have aspects that need to be clarified by regulators, both Menpan RB and BKN and at the same time translated by K/L/D in their operational policies. Policy formulation offered: Strict acknowledgment of education for civil servants who completed their education before 1 year to become civil servants because they studied before being civil servants. The assignment of study assignments must be in line with the Human Resource Development Program and be carefully formulated, trimming the bureaucratic path for determining study assignments by integrating the release of temporary positions, and determining study assignment allowances for state lecturers. available data on legality and accreditation of study programs that can be chosen by civil servants. the accessibility of accredited study programs can be expanded by the availability of valid distance classes or weekend classes and temporary transfer of civil servants to other work units close to the study location. A measured period of study is required followed by a tightening of obligations. a policy from BKN or Menpan RB is needed regarding the model, time frame, and implementation of the re-entry program. The opportunity for recognition of PNS Degrees/Education Improvement is formulated by BKN to ensure legal certainty for the recognition of PNS titles. Expected implications Competence increases and legal certainty is met.

Career perspectives for young cardiologists in the Netherlands: asteady increase in temporary positions.

The online version of this article (10.1007/s12471-022-01736-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Enforcing rules regulating the use of temporary positions in Norway: A matter of exit, voice or silence?

Companies’ access to temporary workers is an important aspect of the functioning of labour markets. The strictness of regulations is not determined by the regulations alone, but also how these are enforced. Thus, knowledge on why some employees take action while others do not is important to understand the functioning of these regulations. We analyse temporary workers’ experiences and perceptions related to enforcement in the Norwegian labour market by distinguishing between ‘exit’, ‘voice’ and ‘silence’. Where enforcement is left to the temporary employee, as in Norway, enforcement may be difficult due to the limited power of the employee vis-a-vis the employer. Trade unions may, however, increase this power and in this study the role of local trade union representatives in enforcement is included. Taking the comprehensive Norwegian model of trade unions’ support into account, this case can be seen as a robust case for understanding the process of enforcement.

Probationary citizenship in science, technology, engineering and mathematics in an Irish university: A disrupted patriarchal bargain?

The model for the creation of knowledge in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) involves the near total career dependence by probationary citizens on senior academics. In this article such probationary citizens include those at the early career stage, mainly but not exclusively post-doctoral researchers (postdocs). Traditionally, the implicit assumption was that senior academics would facilitate their access to a permanent position in return for a time limited period of exploitation as part of an organisational patriarchal bargain. This article is concerned with exploring how these probationary citizens came to access temporary positions, their experience of them and their perception of their future. Drawing on qualitative data from 13 probationary citizens, men and women, on two to five-year contracts in an Irish case study university, it shows that regardless of how they accessed probationary citizenship, their future was uncertain with no guarantee of a permanent academic position. The article raises questions about the valorisation of the highly dependent relationships between probationary citizens and permanent STEM academics as the main model for the creation of knowledge in STEM.

Missing Voices of Adivasi Women Temporary Workers in Tea Gardens and the Covid-19 Pandemic

India is one of the leading tea producing countries, and around half of the total tea of the country is produced in Assam. The plantation wage laborers in tea gardens in Assam are one of the groups that have been facing oppression since the time of British colonial rule. The temporary workers here have to face various struggles due to less compensation and lack of social securities. They are also known as ‘Faltu’ (Useless) workers despite the fact that they share the majority of tea plantation-related work. The struggles further amplify for women who are in temporary positions. Gender-based discrimination in accessing facilities, lack of institutional support, and other livelihood opportunities make their social positions even more vulnerable. In this study, I explored the plights of women temporary workers in tea gardens in Assam and their increased vulnerability during the Covid-19 pandemic. I conducted in-person, in-depth interviews with seven women who identify themselves as Adivasis. For the discussion, I have mainly borrowed from Spivak’s arguments on the marginalization of subalterns. The paper contributes to the literature on intersectionality and postcolonial studies in the Global South by discussing the intersectional effect of colonialism, insecure work, gender, and the pandemic.

Perceptions of Research Integrity Climate in Hungarian Universities: Results from A Survey among Academic Researchers

Research integrity climate is an important factor that influences an individual’s behavior. A strong research integrity culture can lead to better research practices and responsible conduct of research (RCR). Therefore, investigations on organizational climate can be a valuable tool to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each group and develop targeted initiatives. This study aims to assess the perceptions on integrity climate in three universities in Hungary. A cross-sectional study was conducted with PhD students, postdocs, and professors from three Hungarian universities. The survey included demographic questions, such as gender, age, scientific field, academic rank, and the Survey of Organizational Research Climate (SOURCE). A total of 432 participants completed the survey. Our results show that postdocs and assistant professors perceived integrity climate more negatively than PhD students and full professors in every survey scale. Contrarily, PhD students perceive more positively than the other groups. Disciplinary differences show that researchers in the Biomedical sciences perceive regulatory bodies to be fairer when evaluating their projects than those in the Natural sciences. Natural sciences also perceive more negatively how the department values integrity when compared to Humanities. Humanities perceive more positively Advisor/Advisee Relations than Biomedical Sciences. Our results suggest that institutions should pay more attention to early career researchers, especially insecure and temporary positions like postdocs and assistant professors. They should provide RCR resources, socialize them in RCR, and set more reasonable expectations. Moreover, department leaders should develop initiatives to foster better integrity climates.

Bibliometric Analysis of Gig Economy

Technological advances such as smartphones, mobile applications, and online platforms have enabled a new form of economy, known as a gig economy, at a large scale, in which there is a free-market system allowing organizations (job providers) to hire independent contractors (job seeker). Unlike traditional employer and employee relationships, the gig economy creates opportunities for independent workers to seek short-term contract jobs and temporary positions. This article presents a systematic review of the literature associated with a bibliometric analysis of the global perspective of the gig economy. The study aims to present the analysis of published articles that explore the gig economy. Initially, 2297 documents were retrieved by gig economy as a keyword from Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science between 2014 and 2022. After applying certain criteria, only 686 publications were selected for bibliometrics analysis. The selected articles were used to measure bibliometric indicators and evaluate the research work on the gig economy. Bibliometrics an R package for bibliometric and co-citation analysis was used to achieve the results. VOSviewer was also used to analyze the co-occurrence of the keywords. The results highlight the publication trends, top contributing authors and their countries, most cited articles, keywords, and most contributing journals to the research field.

Decolonizing Time, Knowledge, and Disability on the Tenure Clock

We consider the tenure clock's enmeshment in the neoliberal academy's settler colonial and ableist modes of organizing labor and valuing knowledge, modes in turn informed by heteropatriarchal spatiotemporal logics. The tenure clock in the settler academy relies on labor performed by those positioned outside of its time—such as those in temporary or semi-temporary positions, staff, graduate students, and undergraduate students. Our motivation in tracing these logics and formulating feminist strategies to undo them stems directly from observing "faculty with disabilities" at our university struggling against the tenure clock; as well as seemingly abled women faculty, faculty of color, and contingent faculty, who have strained against the academic clock and ended up debilitated in the process. We articulate ways in which more collaborative understandings of university culture and knowledge production might serve to challenge the peculiar temporalities produced by the tenure clock. Listening and learning at the intersections of feminist, Indigenous, and disability studies scholarship teaches us to work toward imagining a different approach to tenure, and from there, the way to a different academy.

Review on Scope of Pharmacognosy graduate in various government research institutes in India

The Pharmacognosy is study of crude drugs, the role of Pharmacognosist difference based on the research institute. In India lot of research of institute available for development of herbal and traditional based drugs such as phytopharmaceutical, chemistry of natural products and siddha, Ayurveda, Unnai propertery drugs. The graduate from Pharmacognosy have lot of carrier opportunities and temporary project Positions such as JRF, Project associate in various research instititute such as CSIR-CDRI, CIAMP, IIIM, IHBT NBRI. The another very important scope of Pharmacognosist in AYUSH Department, the ministry of ayush estabalished various research lab for development Ayruveda, siddha, unani, and hemopathy medicine they are like CCRAS, CCRS, CCRH, CCRUM. The role of Pharmacognosist in ayush institute such as authentication and standardization of raw drugs and formulated crude drugs as churna, chooranam etc. Indian pharmacopeia laboratory also a very important carrier opportunites for phamacognosy graduate.