Temporary Escape Research Articles

Multi-Objective Real-Time Planning of Evacuation Routes for Underground Mine Fires

When a fire occurs underground, pre-existing emergency escape routes may become ineffective. Such scenarios necessitate the real-time planning of escape routes that consider evolving conditions and prioritize safety. This paper proposes a multi-objective real-time search method for emergency escape routes using dynamic programming to address these challenges. Firstly, this paper discusses how the evacuation of an underground mine fire caused by external factors depends on the fire monitoring system, personnel positioning system, and emergency evacuation system, as well as the modeling and solution methods of evacuation route planning. Then, based on fire smoke, CO, and temperature sensor data from the mine ventilation network structure and monitoring system, the possible smoke spread in the event of an underground fire was calculated. The objectives are to optimize both the shortest equivalent length of the path and the shortest time to walk through the smoke flow while ensuring that temporary escape time does not exceed the rated protection time of the self-rescuer. A mathematical model for emergency escape route planning is established under these conditions. A labeling algorithm based on dynamic programming is employed to find the Pareto optimal solution set of emergency evacuation routes that meet emergency requirements. Finally, two path evaluation indicators, namely “escape target priority” and “personnel temporary escape time”, are introduced to re-rank the solutions in the Pareto optimal set, thereby obtaining disaster evacuation routes with different priorities. Example verification shows that the algorithm can quickly solve the disaster evacuation routes that meet the actual disaster evacuation needs in complex networks. Example verification shows that the algorithm can quickly solve the emergency escape routes in complex networks that meet actual emergency escape needs.

Catch uncertainty and recreational fishing attraction: Propositions and future research directions

AbstractWhy do people fish for recreation? Social science literature suggests that both catch (e.g., number or sizes of fish) and non‐catch dimensions (e.g., nature experience, temporary escape) play a role. After reviewing the literature from environmental psychology, neuroscience, anthropology, recreational fisher motivation research as well as popular fishing books, I find that the opposite of catching fish, more specifically the uncertainty of the catch, maybe another, perhaps fundamental force that explains the attraction of the activity to millions of people. There appears to be strong utility in the gaming nature of the activity. This quality may contribute to explain various patterns that are well known, e.g., the overinvestment of time and money by recreational fishers that drastically exceed the market value of fish, the lack of self‐regulation of a local recreational fishery in terms of effort being spent also on low stock sizes, the disutility associated with providing certain catch probability information, diminishing marginal utility return for increasing catch rates, management regulations that make fishing harder than necessary, suboptimal satisfaction despite rising catch rates, and finally the dominance of men among populations of recreational fishers. I present a serious of testable propositions and call for a novel research focus that seeks to better understand what makes catch ambiguity attractive psychologically and emotionally.

Return to the countryside: An ethnographic study of young urbanites in Japan's shrinking regions

This article studies urban–rural mobilities in contemporary Japan using several island communities in the Setouchi region of the Seto Inland Sea as a case study. It seeks to examine the phenomenon of den-en kaiki (rural return) with a focus on young Japanese urbanites moving to depopulated regions outside large cities. Based on a 15-month ethnographic study, the paper draws on original in-depth qualitative interviews with 35 individuals in their 20s–40s. The findings show that while some may be more traditional “lifestyle migrants,” many are adopting rural living as a temporary escape from the city and are not necessarily committed to staying long term. The narratives reveal diverse mobilities as a reflection of the changing attitudes of young Japanese attempting to find meaning and satisfaction while sustaining a livelihood in post-growth Japan. The growing importance of the “relationship population,” referring to urbanites who spend extended time in rural communities but do not live there, is discussed to broaden existing conceptions of rural mobilities from the Japanese context. The messiness of rural mobilities in contemporary Japan highlights the need for an expanded understanding of concepts such as counter-urbanization to include various forms of exchange and consider how they can contribute to the future sustainability of rural spaces.

Time to imagine an escape: investigating the consumer timework at play in augmented reality

PurposeWhile the spatial dimensions of augmented reality (AR) have received significant attention in the marketing literature, to date, there has been less consideration of its temporal dimensions. This paper aims to theorise digital timework through AR to understand a new form of consumption experience that offers short-lived, immersive forms of mundane, marketer-led escape from everyday life.Design/methodology/approachThe authors draw upon Casey’s phenomenological work to explore the emergence of new dynamics of temporalisation through digitised play. An illustrative case study using AR shows how consumers use this temporalisation to find stability and comfort through projecting backwards (remembering) and forwards (imagining) in their lives.FindingsThe proliferation of novel digital technologies and platforms has radically transformed consumption experiences as the boundaries between the physical and the virtual, fantasy and reality and play and work have become increasingly blurred. The findings show how temporary escape is carved out within digital space and time, where controlled imaginings provide consumers with an illusion of control over their lives as they re-establish cohesion in a ruptured sense of time.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors consider the more critical implications of the offloading capacity of AR, which they show does not prevent cognitive processes such as imagination and remembering but rather puts limits on them. The authors show that these more short-lived, everyday types of digitised escape do not allow for an escape from the structures of everyday life within the market, as much of the previous literature suggests.Practical implicationsThe authors argue that corporations need to reflect upon the potential threats of immersive technologies such as AR in harming consumer escapism and take these into serious consideration as part of their strategic experiential design strategies to avoid leading to detrimental effects upon consumer well-being. More nuanced conceptualisations are required to unpack the antecedents of limiting people’s imagination and potentially limiting the fully fledged escape that consumers might desire.Originality/valuePrior work has conceptualised AR as offloading the need for imagination by making the absent present. The authors critically unpack the implications of this for a more fluid understanding of the temporal logics and limits of consumer escapism.

Significance of Literature Today

Literature is a vital part of modern society, offering a universe field of love, peace, sorrow, and conflict. It reflects the human self and serves as a primary source of entertainment, despite technological advancements. It is explored, today’s significance of literature, offers a temporary escape and sense of belonging, enhancing lives during challenging times. Also discuss Gulf News highlights the misconception that modern media simplifies human conflict, highlighting the complexity of issues and the need for a deeper understanding. Today’s Literature, reading online, eBook, hardbound paper, magazines, or newspapers allows readers to engage in conversation with the writer, transcending written words. Literature is a valuable tool for learning and connecting with others, allowing us to understand different mindsets and emotions. Despite the rise of technology, literature remains essential for personal communication, it compelling reasons for its importance. Studying literature is crucial as it reflects society's social context and offers a deeper understanding of various forms of literature. Edward Freeman says that, the study of Literature ‘cultivates the taste, educates the sympathies, and enlarges the mind’.

A Study of Samuel Beckett’s “Waiting for Godot”

The theatre of the Absurd includes plays wherein humans are mere puppets full of irrational and illogical thoughts. From Aeschylus to Ibsen, the artists aimed at constructing meaning out of chaos and at gaining a momentary stay at confusion. So drama was then a temporary escape from the utter meaninglessness of life, a brief period when the audiences could dismiss their tensions and enter into a fictional world based on the assumption that man was a rational animal. But, ‘The Theatre of the Absurd’ ruthlessly shattered these notions, advocating instead their view of human being as an isolated existence and to represent life as it moves from nothingness whence it came to nothingness where it must go. The same notion is very much significant in Shakespeare’s line: “Life is a tale told by an idiot Full of sound and fury signifying nothing.” (Act V, Scene 5, Macbeth) Martin Esslin provided justification for the emergence of this new wave in the theatre, in his book: “The Theatre of the Absurd” which attempts to make man face up the world in which he lives and human conditions as they really are. As it was believed that the real dignity of man lies in his ability to face the reality in its senselessness, to accept it freely, without fear, without illusions and to laugh at it. This term is applied to a group of dramatists in the 1950s who shared the same predicament of man in the universe. Incidentally, the word ‘absurd’ is used in music which denotes a ‘jarring note’ or ‘discord’. This research paper is an attempt to study Samuel Beckett’s “Waiting for Godot,” a tragicomedy in two acts, published in 1952, originally in French as En attendant Godot and first produced in 1953. It is a true innovation in drama that successfully depicts the search for meaning in a world of chaos.

Liminal (trans)formative spaces: A temporary escape from intersectionality

AbstractThis paper is an examination of identity narratives of a small group of trans‐national transpeople in Australia. We reveal the complex identity journey undertaken by this group. Transpeople of Sub‐continental origin consume a temporarily transformational journey negotiating, resisting and subverting the dominant discourses that construct heterosexuality, gayness, whiteness and femininity. They carve out temporary liminal spaces of resistance within which to perform as “weekend women.” We identify transforming, transitioning, transcending across gender and ethnic boundaries, and see being enabled by specific transnational consumption imaginaries in liminal spaces meshed by intersectional of race/ethnicity and gender. We follow intertwined discourses that forms a “matrix of domination” and the way liminal thirdspaces create temporarily decolonized spaces that enable them to escape this matrix and perform a (trans)formative, movement back and forth between their weekday/weekend differently gendered/cultured selves. Ultimately, these decolonized thirdspaces bring only temporary release with inevitable return to their weekday male identity.

Prey-associated genetic differentiation in two species of silver fly (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), Leucotaraxis argenticollis and L. piniperda

Abstract Sympatric host-associated genetic differentiation is a prominent pattern that could lead to speciation. In insects, there are numerous examples of host-associated differentiation among herbivores that prefer different plants, and parasitoids that prefer different hosts, but few examples for specialist predators. We developed new microsatellite loci for two species of silver fly, Leucotaraxis argenticollis (Zetterstedt) and L. piniperda (Malloch) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), being evaluated as biological control agents for the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in eastern North America where it is a nonnative pest. We obtained DNA from specimens of both fly species feeding on native A. tsugae in western North America, as well as on other western and eastern adelgid species. We performed population genetic analyses using the new loci and DNA barcode sequences. Our results confirmed east–west allopatric divergence and uncovered nested genetic differentiation associated with different adelgid prey species and their host plants in western North America for both species of silver flies. For both species, there is also evidence for a longer history of diversification in the west, with ancestral specialization of feeding on pine adelgids, which was retained after range expansion to the east. More recently, divergence to feeding on new adelgid prey species occurred in the west. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that host-alternating life cycles in Adelgidae may provide temporary escape from specialist predators. We discuss the implications for biological control efficacy and potential for lineage hybridization as western flies are released in the east to control A. tsugae.

Freedom of Spirit and Fatality of Embodiment: Intellectual Controversies of Valerian Pidmohyl’ny’s Prose

The article focuses on the analysis of philosophic and existentialist collisions of Valerian Pidmohylny’s prose. He appeared to be the most consistent urbanist in the Ukrainian prose of the 1920s, as in Tretia Revolutsia (The Third Revolution) and Misto (The City) he showed two scenarios of the relationship between representatives of rustic and urban culture. The main theme of the novel is the brutal city occupation, its submission, and desecration. This path of fair revenge is anyway desperate for both winners and losers. The novel encompasses the process of a village-born person’s understanding and adoption of the elitist city culture and the way how a “black-earth” adds to the artistic values creation. In Misto, the factors that provided meaning to the existence were culture, creative work, and writing. However, the characters of Nevelychka Drama (A Little Touch of Drama) appear to be in the situation when the modernist belief in the art’s ability to change the world is lost, when no universal values define people’s behavior, and a moral choice does not agree with any authorities. Another Pidmohylny’s work, Povist bez Nazvy (The Untitled Novel), is one of the few direct fixations of traumatic experience of the early 1930s. Povist bez Nazvy focuses on the final questions of the human existence, when everything built over the foundations of being and cornerstones has lost its meaning and value. The hero of the novel feels like a homeless person, rootless, exhausted, and devastated by unbearable challenges. The last work of Pidmohylny is associated with reflections on the possibilities to escape the epoch and existence, which – recalling a sarcastic complaint of its hero – had better not coincide with the great convulsions of the beginning of the 20th century. Hashish was a temporary escape that ended up in even more catastrophic returning to the cage. Pashchenko, a rational person, took care of a rescue ampoule with poison beforehand – it guaranteed the permanent disappearance. Horodovsky almost tried the variant of a traceless disappearance in the throng, a ceaseless and homeless movement through new paths.

Digital Disconnection as an Opportunity for the Tourism Business: A Bibliometric Analysis

The aim of this study is to carry out a bibliometric review of the existing research on digital disconnection and Digital Free Tourism (DFT) to discover the extent to which this new trend affects technology users and the tourism market. To do this, a systematic literature review and a bibliometric analysis of the research on digital disconnection contained in the Scopus and Web of Science databases were used. This research includes publications from 2012 to December 2021, which included a total of 37 publications about digital disconnection and digital free tourism in scientific journals indexed in the main scientific databases. The analysis concludes that DFT is a growing economic trend in research and that the phenomenon of digital disconnection is beginning to be a peremptory need for more and more users. This work is original and interesting for researchers specialising in technology addictions, as well as academics and professionals in the tourism sector, because the extensive use of smart devices is becoming a type of addiction in many areas and can be a new opportunity for the tourism market. The DFT phenomenon can improve the response to these types of addictions and be a temporary escape and alternative to technological devices. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-05-013 Full Text: PDF

LGBT tourist decision-making and behaviours. A study of Millennial Italian tourists

PurposeSociological researches about tourism of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people are growing in number. These studies are carried out mainly in Anglo-Saxon countries, although nowadays tour operators, travel agencies, cruise and airline companies have started to reserve more and more services and promotions to this group of travellers all around the world. To fill this gap, the paper presents the results of a research that involved 650 Italian LGBT Millennial travellers.Design/methodology/approachUsing the exploratory technique of multiple correspondence analysis, the research focussed on the study of decision-making processes, finding out the factors that drive young LGBT people to prefer one destination over the others, distinguishing motivations between pull and push factors.FindingsFor Italian LGBT Millennials, tourism means more than just recreation. Tourism could also represent a strategy that gives them temporary escape from social prejudice and inequality, since tourist experiences provide an opportunity to re-build LGBT people' sexual identity and enjoy social freedom that LGBT people are deprived of whilst being at home.Originality/valueThe analysis allowed to underline some differences. Even if LGBT people share the burden of being as a member of a sexual and gender minority, LGBT people attribute a slightly different meaning to tourism, considering distinct push and pull factors.

How do I deal with breast cancer: a qualitative inquiry into the coping strategies of Iranian women survivors

BackgroundBreast cancer is the most frequent cancer in Iran. Understanding the coping strategies employed by cancer survivors can provide valuable information for designing interventions to help them adapt to the problems produced by cancer and its treatment. This study aimed to explore the coping strategies of BC survivors in Iran.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted in Mashhad, Northeast Iran, between April and December 2021. Fourteen BC survivors were selected through purposive sampling. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis adopted by Graneheim and Lundman. MAXQDA 12 software was used for data organization. Components of trustworthiness, including credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability, were considered.ResultsThe main categories that emerged from the participants' data analysis were “behavioral coping strategies” and “emotional coping strategies.” Behavioral coping strategies included efforts to adopt healthy nutrition, attempts to improve a healthy lifestyle, maintenance of everyday activities, use of specialized cancer support consultation services, and seeking to increase health literacy about BC. The emotional coping strategies consisted of denial as a temporary escape route, positive thinking and focusing on the positive aspects of life, reinforcement of spirituality, and seeking the support of relatives.ConclusionOur findings provide an in-depth understanding of Iranian women’s strategies for coping with BC. A trained team of oncologists, psychiatrists, mental health professionals, and reproductive health specialists needs to contribute significantly to improving the coping ability of patients with cancer, which could lead to enhanced health promotion and a higher quality of life.

“Their Deeds Shall Be Made Manifest”: The Scandalous Mission of Joseph W. Clements to Great Britain, 1848–1851

“Their Deeds Shall Be Made Manifest”: The Scandalous Mission of Joseph W. Clements to Great Britain, 1848–1851

An innovative temporary escape ramp for deer and other wildlife

Concrete-lined water conveyance canals can be a significant source of mortality for ungulates and other wildlife, which can drown or become entrapped. Various types of wildlife escape structures have been deployed in canals with limited success. From 2011 to 2018, we used camera traps to monitor mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) use of three different temporary wildlife escape structure designs with the goal of developing an effective escape structure for fawns. We monitored three to five locations at a hydroelectric water conveyance canal, operated by Pacific Gas and Electric Company in the foothills of Central California on the Sierra National Forest, in which trapped fawns had been detected previously during the maintenance period when the canal was dry. Mule deer activity and ramp use varied by year. During the monitoring period, deer were detected in the canal in all years except 2016 and 2017. Fawns and adults used the temporary escape structures to exit the canal in four of these years and 50% of mule deer detections showed ramp use overall. No deer were detected using the escape structures until jute netting and debris were added to the surface of the escape ramps in the third monitoring year. Prior to this modification, fawns were detected trapped in the canal investigating the ramps, but not using them to exit the canal. Deer may be more likely to utilize ramps covered with materials that mimic native ground cover. Seven other wildlife species were detected entering and exiting using the ramps with a general increase in use over years. Our temporary escape ramp design for small canals, when dry, appears to be novel and may be applicable in other areas. When compared to fencing or covering the canal, it is a relatively low-cost solution to reduce animal entrapment.

The Magical and the Mundane in Graham Swift’s Here We Are

This article places Graham Swift’s latest novel Here We Are (2020) in the context of his previous writing and argues that much of his fiction is underpinned by the characters’ desire to transcend the limitations of their ordinary lives and to seek solace or a temporary escape within the realm of illusion. The analysis aims to demonstrate that the opposition between the two realms is the central preoccupation in Here We Are. The wish to surmount the mundane is fulfilled quite literally through the protagonist’s dedication to the practice of magic. The meaning of magic as a craft is briefly discussed, especially its quasi-religious connotations. It is also suggested that magic may be a tentative, personal answer to the problem of the “disenchantment” of the world, as diagnosed by Max Weber a hundred years ago. In Swift’s novel, far from being only a set of professional skills, magic creates an illusory realm, alternative to and more appealing than daily life.

Baudelaire's Creole Gothic : A Postcolonial Afterlife for Les Fleurs du mal

Baudelaire’s verse poetry is informed by a pervasive Creole Gothic resonance. Two separate but related topoi, the Undead and the Living Dead, lie at the heart of the collection’s necrological imaginary of slave and zombie labour. It is this Gothic double-trope of death-in-life/life-in-death that activates the Gothic Creole strain running through Les Fleurs du mal. Ironically, those poems that seem to evoke most directly the Creole world that Baudelaire encountered in 1841, firstly in Mauritius and then in Réunion, avoid all evocation of plantation slavery. Conversely, the city poems associate modern metropolitan life with the idea of slavery, representing it as a living death and death as a merely temporary and reversible escape. The collection’s representation of this ‘living death’ foreshadows the construction (by Orlando Patterson, most notably) of transatlantic chattel slavery as ‘social death’. As for the poetic representation of the ‘Undead’, this centres on the figure of the zombie. The zombie is essentially a slave for whom death has proved no guarantee against an endless ‘living death’ of hard labour. If the Creole inflection of Baudelaire’s imagery relates primarily to the realities of industrialized plantation labour and to the chattel slavery on which it was based, it is further reinforced by indices of tropical localisation and of racial difference, more specifically pigmentation. However subliminal its resonance, this Creole Gothic strain guarantees for Baudelaire’s Fleurs du mal a vivid postcolonial afterlife.

Temporary Connections in Mobilities: Cases of Communication in Guesthouses for Japanese Tourists in Southeast Asia

In this paper, temporary connections due to the movement of people are described by focusing on the characteristics of communication among tourists. The connections formed through corporeal travel are one of the diversified connections that have changed in late modernity. In guesthouses for Japanese tourists in Southeast Asia, tourists participate in temporary and enthusiastic interactions together for a few days. The system of guesthouses accelerates temporary interactions. An ethnographic approach has revealed that tourists seek new encounters and temporary connections rather than lasting connections. Based on theories of the mobilities paradigm developed by John Urry, this paper claims that temporary connections can help tourists gain temporary escape from ordinary life.

The effect of home-based care on housebound patients and their caregivers in two Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) increases annually by approximately 5% among older (age 50 years and older) Palestinian refugees in Lebanon, of whom around 10% are housebound. Care for housebound patients does not exist in the over-medicalised and highly privatised Lebanese health system or within the health system for Palestinian refugees in Lebanon. This has led to a neglected population. In 2016, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) started to provide home-based care (HBC) for housebound patients in two Palestinian camps: Bourj-el-Barajneh and Ain-al-Hilweh. HBC is carried out by a team comprising a doctor, nurse, and social worker, and includes basic medical monitoring, health literacy educational sessions, support for treatment adherence, as well as networking with relevant social service providers. MethodsA qualitative study was carried out between January and October, 2018, nine patients, ten caregivers, and personnel from two main international non-governmental organisations providing health care for refugees were interviewed, and one focus group discussion was conducted with MSF HBC staff. Thematic content analysis was carried out manually, with investigators’ observations for triangulation. The study was approved by the MSF ethical review board. FindingsThe housebound patients described various ways in which they felt socially isolated, useless, and unproductive. These are underserved needs. Caregivers reported feeling burdened socially, mentally, and financially. They also reported that they assumed full responsibility for the housebound relative, as there was no alternative. HBC was appreciated by patients and caregivers for providing psychosocial and medical support; patients viewed MSF staff as a “friend in care”, a temporary escape from isolation, and caregivers expressed appreciation for sharing the burden of caring for the housebound person. There was a decrease in anxiety expressed by caregivers and patients, as well as a declining sense of burden described by caregivers, during the provision of HBC by the MSF staff. To a lesser extent, patients and caregivers sensed improved self management as their disease literacy and treatment adherence increased, and as caregivers became more efficient in handling toilet care, bathing, and wound dressing. Missing components of HBC were perceived to be “outdoor” activities and mental health services. InterpretationHBC had an effect in reducing patients’ social isolation, decreasing caregivers’ burden and anxiety, and enhancing self management of disease for both. HBC should be considered for replication by all refugee health care providers as well as by the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health. This model of care needs to adopt a more holistic approach by including provision of mental health care and by increasing the focus on social isolation. FundingNone.

Outdoor tourism to escape social surveillance: health gains but sustainability costs

ABSTRACT We analyse motivations and perspectives of outdoor tourists and tourism stakeholders in the Islamic Republic of Iran. We use semi-structured qualitative interviews, and interpretivist grounded theory, with basic and axial coding and fine-scaled differential narrative analysis. We distinguish three principal tourist segments, seeking: exhilaration through adventure; enjoyment of nature; and escape from cultural restrictions and associated social surveillance. The nature and adventure segments behave as ecotourists, and gain improved eudaimonic wellbeing. Nature tourists gain psychological restoration through calm and tranquil nature contemplation. Adventure tourists gain psychological recharge through challenge and achievement. The escape segment, in contrast, aims for hedonic wellbeing, is heedless of its social and ecological impacts, and does not behave as ecotourists. It adopts an ecotourism disguise, to avoid being observed as it flouts expected cultural norms. It uses unauthorised and clandestine logistics providers, creating substantial management obstacles for authorised commercial outdoor tour providers. Temporary escape from social surveillance generates mental health gains as a psychological safety valve for the tourists concerned, but their behaviour imposes unsustainable costs on local communities, natural environment, nature and adventure tourists, and outdoor tourism operators. These costs reduce the net social economic gains achieved from the mental health benefits of outdoor tourism.

Feeling safe from the storm of anti-Blackness: Black affective networks and the im/possibility of safe classroom spaces in Predominantly White Institutions

Black affective networks form in evanescent moments when two or more Black people in a white space cluster around a Black feeling and other things. This article is a feminist narrative inquiry into Black affective networks in classrooms on the campuses of Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs) in the United States. Authors inhabit dual roles as researchers and study participants in an investigation of affects that percolated in two classrooms, catalyzing the constitution of Black affective networks in those contexts. In the lineage of contemporary Black feminism, authors use beautiful writing as a method with which to narrate stories illustrating the formation of these assemblages. The stories show that these constellations served as locations for the production of counter-hegemonic knowledge of Blackness—that is, perceptual spaces where knowledge of Blackness not as abject but rather as a wellspring of Black excitement, pride, love, and joy was transacted. Ergo, Black affective networks provided Black faculty and students with pathways for temporary escape from the anti-Black violence built into PWIs. Authors pivot from this inquiry on the im/possibility of classrooms in PWIs functioning as safe spaces for Black faculty and students to echo calls for a turn to Black affect theory and to trouble diversity and inclusion discourses in US higher education.