Temporal Trends In Prevalence Research Articles

Epidemiology of Myopia: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Effects of Myopia.

Myopia is the most common cause of visual impairment in children and young adults. In order to assess the consequences for society, it is necessary to know temporal trends in prevalence, incidence and associated factors in childhood and adolescence, as well as the rate of myopia progression, as based on epidemiological research. This paper presents a literature review of publications from 2020 up to March 2024, supplemented by other relevant publications. The prevalence of myopia in children and adolescents in Germany is almost stable and is significantly lower than in Asia. The development of myopia is influenced by outdoor activity, parental myopia, genetics and near work, while insufficient time spent outdoors in childhood is a significant and controllable risk factor for myopia-related complications such as myopic maculopathy, glaucoma, and retinal detachment.

Temporal trends in prevalence of liver cancer and etiology-specific liver cancer from 1990 to 2019

BackgroundLiver cancer (LC) remains a major cause of cancer death worldwide. Grasping prevalence trends is key to informing strategies for control and prevention. We analyzed the global, regional and national trends in LC prevalence and its major causes from 1990 to 2019. MethodsWe obtained LC age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 and assessed trends using Joinpoint regression. LC cases were categorized into those due to hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol use, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and other causes. ResultsWhile the ASPR of LC has shown a global decrease, there are specific regions where an increase in ASPR has been observed, with the highest rates in America. HBV remained the leading cause of LC (41.45 %) but significant increases occurred for HCV, alcohol use and NASH. Prevalence correlated with socioeconomic development. High-income countries had higher LC rates from HCV and alcohol but lower HBV-related LC. In high-income nations, LC prevalence climbs; the converse holds in middle- and low-income countries. ConclusionsDespite a global ASPR decrease, LC due to HCV, NASH, and alcohol is rising. Prevention strategies must prioritize HBV vaccination, HCV treatment, and alcohol regulation. ImpactThe study informs targeted LC control policies and emphasizes the importance of continued monitoring and regional cooperation to combat LC.

Temporal trends, in-hospital outcomes, and risk factors of acute myocardial infarction among patients with epilepsy in the United States: a retrospective national database analysis from 2008 to 2017.

The relationship between epilepsy and risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is not fully understood. Evidence from the Stockholm Heart Study indicates that the risk of AMI is increased in people with epilepsy. This study aims to analyze the temporal trends in prevalence, adverse clinical outcomes, and risk factors of AMI in patients with epilepsy (PWE). Patients aged 18 years or older, diagnosed with epilepsy with or without AMI and hospitalized from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2017, were identified from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. The Cochran-Armitage trend test and logistic regressions were conducted using SAS 9.4. Odds ratios (ORs) were generated for multiple variables. A total of 8,456,098 inpatients were eligible for our analysis, including 181,826 comorbid with AMI (2.15%). The prevalence of AMI diagnosis in PWE significantly increased from 1,911.7 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 2008 to 2,529.5 per 100,000 hospitalizations in 2017 (Ptrend < 0.001). Inpatient mortality was significantly higher in epilepsy patients with AMI compared to those without AMI (OR = 4.61, 95% CI: 4.54 to 4.69). Factors significantly associated with AMI in PWE included age (≥75 years old vs. 18 ~ 44 years old, OR = 3.54, 95% CI: 3.45 to 3.62), atherosclerosis (OR = 4.44, 95% CI: 4.40 to 4.49), conduction disorders (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 2.17 to 2.26), cardiomyopathy (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 2.08 to 2.15), coagulopathy (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.49 to 1.54), dyslipidemia (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.24 to 1.27), peptic ulcer disease (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.33), chronic kidney disease (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.25), smoking (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.21), and weight loss (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.22). The prevalence of AMI in PWE increased during the decade. Mortality rates were high among this population, highlighting the need for comprehensive attention to prophylaxis for risk factors and early diagnosis of AMI in PWE by physicians.

Temporal trends in the prevalence of Parkinson's disease from 1980 to 2023: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, exhibiting an upward trend in prevalence. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Parkinson's disease, temporal trends between 1980 and 2023, and variations in prevalence by location, age, sex, survey period, sociodemographic index (SDI), human development index (HDI), and study characteristics (sample size, diagnostic criteria, and data source). In this systematic review and meta-analysis we searched PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Global Health for observational studies that reported Parkinson's disease prevalence in the general population from database inception to Nov 1, 2023. We included studies if they were original observational investigations, had participants from the general population or community-based datasets, and provided numerical data on the prevalence of Parkinson's disease either with 95% CIs or with sufficient information to calculate 95% CIs. Studies were excluded if they were conducted in a specific population, had a sample size smaller than 1000, or were review articles, case reports, protocols, meeting abstracts, letters, comments, short communications, posters, and reports. The publication characteristics (first author and publication year), study location (countries, WHO regions, SDI, and HDI), survey period, study design, diagnostic criteria, data source, participant information, and prevalence data were extracted from articles using a standard form. Two authors independently evaluated eligibility, and discrepancies were resolved through discussion with the third author. We used random effect models to pool estimates with 95% CIs. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to assess the temporal trend in prevalence of Parkinson's disease. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022364417. 83 studies from 37 countries were eligible for analysis, with 56 studies providing all-age prevalence, 53 studies reporting age-specific prevalence, and 26 studies providing both all-age and age-specific prevalence. Global pooled prevalence of Parkinson's disease was 1·51 cases per 1000 (95% CI 1·19-1·88), which was higher in males (1·54 cases per 1000 [1·17-1·96]) than in females (1·49 cases per 1000 [1·12-1·92], p=0·030). During different survey periods, the prevalence of Parkinson's disease was 0·90 cases per 1000 (0·48-1·44; 1980-89), 1·38 cases per 1000 (1·17-1·61; 1990-99), 1·18 cases per 1000 (0·77-1·67; 2000-09), and 3·81 cases per 1000 (2·67-5·14; 2010-23). The EAPC of Parkinson's disease prevalence was significantly higher in the period of 2004-23 (EAPC 16·32% [95% CI 6·07-26·58], p=0·0040) than in the period of 1980-2003 (5·30% [0·82-9·79], p=0·022). Statistically significant disparities in prevalence were observed across six WHO regions. Prevalence increased with HDI or SDI. Considerable variations were observed in the pooled prevalence of Parkinson's disease based on different sample sizes or diagnostic criteria. Prevalence also increased with age, reaching 9·34 cases per 1000 (7·26-11·67) among individuals older than 60 years. The global prevalence of Parkinson's disease has been increasing since the 1980s, with a more pronounced rise in the past two decades. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease is higher in countries with higher HDI or SDI. It is necessary to conduct more high-quality epidemiological studies on Parkinson's disease, especially in low SDI countries. National Nature Science Foundation of China. For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

The temporal trends of prevalence and years lived with disability of anaemia in China, Japan, and South Korea, from 1990 to 2021: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Studies have shown that the disease burden of anaemia varies globally, yet they have not yet determined its exact extent in East Asian countries specifically. We thus aimed to investigate the prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to anaemia from 1990 to 2021 in China, Japan, and South Korea. We extracted the prevalence and YLDs with their age-standardised rates (ASRs) in China, Japan, and South Korea from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, stratified by sex, age, and causes. We then examined the temporal trend of anaemia burden from 1990 to 2021 using joinpoint analysis and the association of anaemia burden with the Human Development Index and Universal Health Index through Spearman's correlation analysis. In 2021, anaemia affected 136 million people in China (95% uncertainty interval (UI) = 131, 141), with ASRs of prevalence of 8.9% (95% UI = 8.6, 9.3), and accounted for 3.0 million YLDs (95% UI = 2.0, 4.4). It affected 13.6 million people in Japan (95% UI = 11.8, 16.0), with ASRs of prevalence of 7.4% (95% UI = 6.1, 9.0), and caused 181 thousand YLDs (95% UI = 108, 282). It also affected 2.7 million individuals in South Korea (95% UI = 2.4, 3.0), with ASRs of prevalence of 5.2% (95% UI = 4.6, 5.7), and led to 34 thousand YLDs (95% UI = 22, 55). We observed a significant gender discrepancy in the anaemia burden in these three countries, with the prevalence and YLD rates in women being almost twice as high as those in men. Moreover, the peak age of the anaemia burden shifted toward higher age groups in all three countries, particularly in Japan. Chronic kidney disease was responsible for a growing share of anaemia cases and YLDs, especially in adults aged more than 60 years in Japan and South Korea. Haemoglobinopathies were another noticeable cause of anaemia in China, though dietary iron deficiency remained the leading cause. Both socioeconomic development and essential health service coverage showed negative associations with the anaemia burden in the three countries in the past three decades, though with differential patterns. Anaemia remains a major public health issue in China, Japan, and South Korea; targeted surveillance and interventions are recommended for high-risk populations and cause-specific anaemia.

Global, regional, and national burden of stroke from 1990 to 2019: A temporal trend analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability worldwide. However, how the prevalence of stroke varies across the world is uncertain. The aim of this study was to analyze temporal trends of prevalence for stroke, including ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) at the global, regional, and national levels. The age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR) of stroke, IS, ICH, and SAH, along with their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UI), were derived from data in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This provides estimates for the burden of 369 diseases and injuries globally in 2019, as well as their temporal trends over the past 30 years. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to analyze the 1990-2019 temporal trends by calculating the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC), as well as their 95% confidence interval (CI). In 2019, the global ASPR of stroke was 1240.263 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 1139.711 to 1352.987), with ASPRs generally lower in Europe compared to other regions. Over the period from 1990 to 2019, a significant global decrease in ASPR was observed for stroke (AAPC -0.200, 95% CI: -0.215 to -0.183), IS (AAPC -0.059%, 95% CI: -0.077 to -0.043), SAH (AAPC -0.476, 95% CI: -0.483 to -0.469), and ICH (AAPC -0.626, 95% CI: -0.642 to -0.611). The trends of ASPR of stroke, IS, SAH, and ICH varied significantly across 204 countries and territories. Our findings highlight significant global disparities in stroke prevalence, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and intensified efforts in developing regions to reduce the global burden of stroke.

Global, regional and national temporal trends in prevalence for cardiovascular diseases in women of childbearing age, from 1990 to 2019: An age-period-cohort analysis

BackgroundEpidemiological studies on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among women of childbearing age (WCBA) remain scarce. Our research aims to delineate the prevalence trends of CVD within this population over the past three decades, considering age, period, and birth cohort dynamics. MethodsEstimates of CVD prevalence for WCBA, along with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UI), were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019 (GBD2019). An age-period-cohort (APC) model was utilized to assess the annual percentage change (net drifts) in overall prevalence, annual percentage changes in prevalence for individual age groups (local drifts), and fitted longitudinal age-specific rates adjusted for age effects and period/cohort relative risks (period/cohort effect). ResultsIn 2019, the global prevalence of CVD among WCBA was 53.42 million (95% UI: 47.77 to 60.18). Eight countries recorded a prevalence exceeding one million, accounting for 54.17% of the global CVD prevalence in WCBA. Over the past 30 years, the annual net drift in CVD prevalence among the global WCBA was 0.27% (95% CI: 0.25 to 0.29). This value was 0.01% (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.06) in regions with a high sociodemographic index (SDI) and 0.21% (95% CI: 0.19 to 0.22) in those with a low SDI. Seventy-seven countries demonstrated an increasing trend in CVD prevalence, while 53 showed a decrease, and 74 remained relatively stable. Notably, as shown in local drift, there was a rise in CVD prevalence among adolescents aged 15–19 and adults aged 40–49 in regions categorized by five distinct SDI levels. This drift varied by SDI regions. Regions with a high SDI consistently had elevated period risks throughout the study duration, while other regions had lower period risks until 2000–2004 and displayed increased adverse period risks. The prevalence in low-middle and low SDI regions manifested detrimental trends, whereas other regions demonstrated an initial decline followed by a surge in successive birth cohorts. ConclusionsResources dedicated to CVD care for WCBA are largely insufficient, especially in low SDI regions. Thus, there is an urgent need to allocate cardiovascular healthcare resources variably across different SDI regions, aiming to diminish risks among successively younger birth cohorts. Throughout this endeavor, the formulation of targeted policies and the judicious distribution of resources are essential to reduce risks for women across all age groups.

Temporal trends in prevalence and disability of chronic kidney disease caused by specific etiologies: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

The prevalence of disability in CKD is high. In this context the aim of the present study wasto assess the temporal trends of prevalence and disability progression for chronic kidney disease (CKD) caused by specific etiologies. Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019, we examined the age-standardized rates of CKD prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years for different etiologies, including Type 1/2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM/T2DM), glomerulonephritis, and hypertension. We also calculated the average annual percentage changes to assess trends. Additionally, we utilized the joinpoint regression model to identify significant shifts over time. From 1990 to 2019, the global prevalence of CKD due to various etiologies exhibited an overall increasing trend, albeit with fluctuations. Notably, CKD due to T1DM, glomerulonephritis, and hypertension consistently demonstrated a significant upward trend across all continents, while the prevalence of CKD due to T2DM varied across continents. In terms of disability-adjusted life-years, CKD due to T2DM and hypertension exhibited a significant rising trend over the past 30 years. However, changes in age standardized disability-adjusted life-years for CKD due to different etiologies were not consistent across continents, with an upward trend observed in The Americasand a contrasting trend in Asia. Furthermore, both age-standardized prevalence rate and age standardized disability-adjusted life-year trends for CKD varied significantly across 204 countries and territories. Additionally, a negative association was observed between the Socio-demographic Index and the disability progression of CKD. The prevalence and disability burden of CKD caused by specific etiologies show substantial heterogeneity worldwide, highlighting significant disparities in the distribution of CKD. It is crucial to implement geographic and personalized strategies in different regions to alleviate the burden of CKD effectively.

Cross-country health inequalities of four common nutritional deficiencies among children, 1990 to 2019: data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

BackgroundNutritional deficiencies remain serious medical and public health issues worldwide, especially in children. This study aims to analyze cross-country inequality in four common nutritional deficiencies (protein-energy malnutrition, dietary iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency and iodine deficiency) among children from 1990 to 2019 based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data.MethodsPrevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) data as measures of four nutritional deficiency burdens in people aged 0 to 14 years were extracted from the GBD Results Tool. We analyzed temporal trends in prevalence by calculating the average annual percent change (AAPC) and quantified cross-country inequalities in disease burden using the slope index.ResultsGlobally, the age-standardized prevalence rates of dietary iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency and iodine deficiency decreased, with AAPCs of -0.14 (-0.15 to -0.12), -2.77 (-2.96 to -2.58), and -2.17 (-2.3 to -2.03) from 1999 to 2019, respectively. Significant reductions in socio-demographic index (SDI)-related inequality occurred in protein-energy malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency, while the health inequality for dietary iron deficiency and iodine deficiency remained basically unchanged. The age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates of the four nutritional deficiencies decreased as the SDI and healthcare access and quality index increased.ConclusionsThe global burden of nutritional deficiency has decreased since 1990, but cross-country health inequalities still exist. More efficient public health measures are needed to reduce disease burdens, particularly in low-SDI countries/territories.

PROLONGED MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME.

Purpose: Trajectory of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) spans from rapidly improving cases to cases receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV). We attempted to estimate temporal trends of prevalence and mortality of PMV and to identify risk factors associated with mortality of patients with ARDS receiving PMV. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of individual patient data from six randomized controlled clinical trials conducted by the ARDS Network. Prolonged mechanical ventilation was defined as the need for mechanical ventilation for >21 consecutive days. Results: Of 4,216 patients with ARDS, 646 (15.3%) received PMV. Prevalence of PMV gradually declined from 18.4% in the ARDS Network: Low-Tidal-Volume Trial (published in 2000) trial to 10.9% in the SAILS (2014) trial ( R2 = 0.728, P = 0.031). Ninety-day mortality of patients receiving PMV did not change over time ( R2 = 0.271, P = 0.290) and remained as high as 36.8%. Ιn the three most recent trials, risk factors associated with mortality among the 250 patients with ARDS receiving PMV included age, malignancy, pneumonia as the cause of ARDS, coagulation dysfunction, and hepatic dysfunction during the first 21 days after trial enrollment. Conclusion: Although prevalence of PMV among patients enrolled in ARDS Network trials gradually declined, mortality did not change. Risk factors associated with mortality were mostly nonmodifiable.

Global, regional, and national prevalence of hearing loss from 1990 to 2019: A trend and health inequality analyses based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

As a severe public health issue, hearing loss has caused an increasingly disease burden, especially in the elderly population. Hearing loss may inevitably induce asymmetric hearing, which makes it difficult for elderly individuals to locate sound sources, therefore resulting in increased postural instability and falling risk. To emphasize the public health emergence of hearing loss, we investigated the temporal trend of prevalence of hearing loss over the last 30 years and further predicted its changes in the next 20 years, decomposed the trend according to demographic factors and epidemiological changes, and quantified the cross-country healthy inequalities, using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. In 2019, there were more than 140 million cases of hearing loss worldwide, a 93.89% increase from 70 million cases in 1990. The age-standardized rate (ASR) also increased with an estimated annual percentage change of 0.08% per year. Population growth and aging are the major drivers contributing to the changes, accounting for 60.83% and 35.35%. Of note, the contribution of aging varies showing a gradual increasing trend with sociodemographic index (SDI) elevating. Also notable, there were significant health inequalities across 204 countries and territories, with slope index of inequality rising over time. Projection of the global burden of hearing loss from 2020 to 2040 indicated progressive increases in both case number and ASR. These reflect the heavy disease burden of hearing loss that needed more targeted and efficient strategies in its prevention and management.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Spine Pain, 1990-2019: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

ObjectiveTo describe the global, regional, national, and temporal trends in neck pain (NP) and low back pain (LBP) from 1990 to 2019 and analyze associations with age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). DesignTemporal trends analyses of the Global Burden of Disease 2019 data for global, regional, and national prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disabilities (YLDs) of NP and LBP from 1990 to 2019. SettingNot applicable. ParticipantsNot applicable. InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome Measure(s)The temporal trends in prevalence, incidence, and YLDs of NP and LBP, and associations with age, sex, and SDI. ResultsGlobally, the prevalence, incidence, and YLDs of NP and LBP significantly increased; however, the age-standardized rates of NP showed a stable trend, and those of LBP slightly decreased from 1990 to 2019. The burden of NP and LBP was higher in women than in men. Both NP and LBP exhibited similar age-related trends, with the total numbers and rates increasing with age and reaching their highest points in the middle- and old-aged groups, respectively, in 2019. Overall, the prevalence, incidence, and YLDs of NP and LBP were higher in regions with higher SDI over the 3 decades. ConclusionsNP and LBP impose significant major public health burden globally. Although both conditions are more frequent in women and middle-aged groups and tend to be prevalent in countries with high SDI, they have distinct temporal and regional patterns. By comprehending temporospatial trends in the disease burden of NP and LBP, policymakers and health care professionals can make future interventions and policies to effectively manage these conditions worldwide as well as to achieve equity in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

A 5-year review of prevalence, temporal trends and characteristics of individuals experiencing moderate and severe food insecurity in 34 high income countries

BackgroundDue to the relatively low numbers of households in high income countries experiencing food insecurity most studies conflate the levels of severity, which masks between- and within-country differences. This study aims to describe the characteristics of individuals living in high income countries who were moderately or severely food insecure and investigates temporal trends in prevalence. It assesses these characteristics in comparison to those who were food secure.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of data collected by the FAO Voices of the Hungry between 2014–2018. The data were collected during the annual Gallup World Polls of nationally representative samples using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale. Data from 34 highly developed, wealthy countries were analysed. The age, gender, income, education, area of residence and household structure of individuals experiencing moderate/severe food insecurity (FI), and severe FI, were compared using ANOVA, Welch’s F, Pearson’s Chi-square, and Linear-by-Linear Association, dependent on the variable of interest. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to group countries according to their prevalence of moderate/severe FI, and severe FI.ResultsOverall, 6.5% of the weighted sample were moderately/severely food insecure (M-SFI), while 1.6% were severely food insecure. M-SFI individuals were present in all 34 countries, in all years and across all education levels and income quintiles. The proportion of individuals experiencing moderate/severe FI varied between years and countries. Fifteen countries showed a significant downward temporal trend in prevalence of moderate/severe FI (p < 0.001), while three countries demonstrated an increasing temporal trend driven by increasing prevalence in those aged 65 years or less (p < 0.001). Comparing individuals experiencing moderate versus severe FI showed over-representation of males, single adult households and lower household income in the severe FI group.ConclusionsIndividuals across all income, education and age categories living in high income countries are experiencing moderate/severe food insecurity, but with higher prevalence in those experiencing more disadvantage. Over the study period some countries experienced escalating while others demonstrated decreasing moderate/severe FI trends. This comparison of countries with similar economic and human development indices highlights an opportunity to investigate subtle variations in social, economic and education policy that could have profound impacts on food insecurity.

Temporal trends and outcomes of patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia with and without history of coronary artery disease: insights from the us national inpatient sample database.

The burden and prognostic significance of coronary artery disease (CAD) in adults with peripheral artery disease and chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is unknown. Temporal trends in prevalence of significant CAD (history of myocardial infarction or coronary revascularizations) in hospitalizations for CLTI were determined using the 2000 to 2018 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. A multivariable regression analysis of outcomes was performed based on presence or absence of CAD. Among 13 575 099 hospitalizations for CLTI (41% female, 69% white, mean age 69 years), 23% had concomitant CAD, of which 11% underwent lower extremity arterial revascularization (43.6% endovascular and 56.4% surgical). The prevalence of concomitant CAD with CLTI increased from 15.3% in 2000 to 23.1% in 2018. Furthermore, the frequency of endovascular revascularization in adults with CAD and CLTI increased from 15.1% to 48.3%, while there was a decreasing trend of surgical revascularization, from 84.9% to 51.7%. After multivariate adjustments, CLTI with CAD was associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.32-1.47; P less than .0001) and bleeding requiring transfusion (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.06-1.12; P less than .0001) compared with patients with CLTI without CAD. As compared with surgical revascularization, endovascular revascularization was associated with lower risk of in-hospital mortality in both patients with CLTI with CAD (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.63-0.76; P less than .001) and CLTI without CAD (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.67-0.76; P less than .001). Prevalence of CAD has increased in adults presenting with CLTI and is associated with poor outcomes, warranting the need for effective interventions and secondary prevention in this high-risk population.

Trends in Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction and its Associations With Mortality Among US Participants, 1988-2012.

Various dynamic factors could influence the prevalence and distribution of thyroid dysfunction. To provide national estimates and temporal trends in prevalence of thyroid dysfunction over the past 3 decades in United States and determine the impact of thyroid dysfunction on mortality in US adults. A cross-sectional analysis of data from 33 117 participants aged 12 years or older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988-1994), 1999-2002, and 2007-2012. The weighted mean age was 41.6 years, and 48.3% were men. In 2007 through 2012, the prevalence of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism, subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism was 4.3%, 0.33%, 3.2%, and 0.2% respectively. Eighty percent of individuals with thyroid dysfunction were previously undiagnosed. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was stable, whereas overt hypothyroidism (0.54% [95% CI, 0.35-0.8] vs 0.33% [95% CI, 0.23-0.48]) and hyperthyroidism (0.8% [95% CI, 0.58-1.1] vs 0.2% [95% CI, 0.12-0.33]) were less prevalent in 2007-2012 compared to 1988-1994. Older age, White Americans, obesity, and positivity for thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroglobulin antibody were risk factors for hypothyroidism, whereas older age, women, and Black Americans were risk factors for hyperthyroidism. Over a median follow-up of 17.2 years, no significant association was observed between any type of thyroid dysfunction with the risk of total or cardiovascular mortality. However, among individuals aged 65 years or older, subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with a higher risk of total mortality (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.00-1.37; P = .05) and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04-1.62; P = .02). The prevalence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction remained relatively unchanged, whereas that of overt thyroid dysfunction decreased. Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with a higher mortality among individuals aged 65 years or older.

The Incidence and Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Continues to Increase in the Faroe Islands - A Cohort Study from 1960 to 2020.

The highest reported incidence rate of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], and especially of ulcerative colitis [UC], is found in the Faroe Islands. This study aimed to assess the incidence rate and temporal trends in prevalence over six decades. All incident and prevalent patients diagnosed with IBD between 1960 and 2020 from the nationwide and population-based Faroese IBD cohort were included in this study. All patients fulfilled the Copenhagen Diagnostic Criteria. Overall, 873 individuals were diagnosed with IBD during the study period, 559 [64%] with UC, 151 [17%] with Crohn's disease, and 163 [19%] with IBD unclassified. A total of 59 patients had paediatric-onset IBD. The incidence of IBD continued to increase throughout the study period, as the age-standardized incidence rate started at 8 per 100 000 person-years [py] [European Standard Population, ESP] in 1960-79 and reached 70 by 2010-20. In 2021, the age-standardized period prevalence was 1414 per 100 000 persons. The IBD incidence was unevenly distributed among the islands with Sandoy having the highest rate of 106 per 100 000 py in 2010-2020. The incidence of IBD continues to increase in the Faroe Islands, mainly driven by UC. The incidence shows an uneven geographical distribution, which suggests an adverse interaction between unknown environmental factors and genetic traits. The prevalence in 2021 corresponded to 1.3% of the Faroese population. Environmental risk factors are suspected to impact this homogeneous high-risk population; however, the reason for this is unclear.

Global, regional and national temporal trends in prevalence for musculoskeletal disorders in women of childbearing age, 1990–2019: an age-period-cohort analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

ObjectivesTo provide an overview and in-depth analysis of temporal trends in prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders in women of childbearing age (WCBA) at global, regional and national levels over the...

Temporal trends in prevalence and infant mortality of birth defects in Brazil, from 2001 to 2018

Congenital anomalies (CA) are a relevant problem for global public health, affecting about 3% to 6% of newborns worldwide. In Brazil, these are the second main cause of infant mortality. Thus, extensive studies are needed to demonstrate the impact of these anomalies on births and deaths. The present study describes the temporal trends of prevalence and infant mortality due to CA among live births in Brazil and regions, from 2001 to 2018, using the related data between the Live Birth Information System (SINASC, acronym in Portuguese) and the Mortality Information System (SIM, acronym in Portuguese). The prevalence and infant mortality due to CA has increased in Brazil and in most regions, especially in the Northeast and North. CAs in the musculoskeletal system were the most frequent at birth (29.8/10,000 live births), followed by those in the circulatory system (12.7/10,000 live births), which represented the primary cause of death in this group. The applied linkage technique made it possible to correct the national prevalence of CA by 17.9% during the analyzed period, after retrieving the anomalies reported in SIM, thereby proving to be a good tool to improve the quality of information on anomalies in Brazil.

Tendência temporal da prevalência e mortalidade infantil das anomalias congênitas no Brasil, de 2001 a 2018

Abstract Congenital anomalies (CA) are a relevant problem for global public health, affecting about 3% to 6% of newborns worldwide. In Brazil, these are the second main cause of infant mortality. Thus, extensive studies are needed to demonstrate the impact of these anomalies on births and deaths. The present study describes the temporal trends of prevalence and infant mortality due to CA among live births in Brazil and regions, from 2001 to 2018, using the related data between the Live Birth Information System (SINASC, acronym in Portuguese) and the Mortality Information System (SIM, acronym in Portuguese). The prevalence and infant mortality due to CA has increased in Brazil and in most regions, especially in the Northeast and North. CAs in the musculoskeletal system were the most frequent at birth (29.8/10,000 live births), followed by those in the circulatory system (12.7/10,000 live births), which represented the primary cause of death in this group. The applied linkage technique made it possible to correct the national prevalence of CA by 17.9% during the analyzed period, after retrieving the anomalies reported in SIM, thereby proving to be a good tool to improve the quality of information on anomalies in Brazil.

Trends and outcomes in localized renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation: Analysis of the National Cancer Database.

735 Background: Sarcomatoid dedifferentiation in Renal Cell Carcinoma (sRCC) is well known to be a subtype with poor prognosis with a high rate of synchronous metastases at presentation. Nonetheless, outcomes in a contemporary cohort of patients with localized sRCC are not well characterized in a population-based study. We sought to determine the clinical characteristics, temporal trends in prevalence, and survival outcomes in patients with localized sarcomatoid RCC. Methods: From 2004-2019, all 440,230 cases of RCC in patients ≥18 years were extracted from the National Cancer Database; of these, 3.3% (14,713) had sarcomatoid dedifferentiation. Trend analyses were conducted using Cochran-Armitage test of trend. Multivariable Cox Proportional-Hazards regression was used to determine the impact of clinical and pathologic characteristics on all cause mortality (ACM) in patients with non-metastatic sRCC. Actuarial Overall Survival (OS) was computed with Kaplan-Meier analysis (KMA), with sub-analysis performed for patients with AJCC Prognostic Stages I-III (Stage). Clear cell was reference histology for all analyses. Holm adjustment for multiple comparisons was applied when necessary. Results: Sarcomatoid dedifferentiation increased from 1.9% in 2004 to 4.1% in 2019, average annual percentage change (AAPC) 0.060 (p&lt;0.001). sRCC with synchronous metastasis decreased from 48.7% in 2004 to 38.7% in 2019, AAPC -0.028 (p&lt;0.001). Of all sRCC, 39.3% had synchronous metastasis to lung, 17.9% to bone, 5.3% to liver, 2.2% to brain, 35.3% to &gt;1 site. On Cox regression for non-metastatic sRCC, ACM was associated with age (HR 1.02, p&lt;0.001), Charlson comorbidity (HR 1.21, p&lt;0.001), tumor size (HR 1.04, p&lt;0.001), cN1 (HR 1.01, p&lt;0.001), collecting duct (HR 2.33, p=0.002), medullary (HR 4.75, p=0.031), and RCC unspecified (HR 1.46, p&lt;0.001) histology, tumor grade (HR 1.30, p&lt;0.001); and inversely with partial (HR 0.19, p&lt;0.001) and radical (HR 0.32, p&lt;0.001) nephrectomy. In non-metastatic sRCC, 5-year OS was 52.9%. Substratification showed 5-year OS of 72.9% for Stage I, 60.4% Stage II, and 40.9% for Stage III sRCC (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: The findings constitute the largest retrospective characterization of localized RCC with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation; sRCC has increased in prevalence, while patients presenting with synchronous metastases have decreased. Despite the latter trend, outcomes in patients with localized sRCC are poor and associated with patient comorbidity, stage, and associated histological findings. While partial and radical nephrectomy was associated with improved outcomes, these findings must be interpreted with caution and are likely secondary to significant selection bias. Future studies investigating the underlying biology driving increased sarcomatoid dedifferentiation despite generalized downward stage migration in RCC are requisite.