Temporal Resolution Images Research Articles

Fluorescence Imaging Methods to Investigate Translation in Single Cells.

Translation is the fundamental biological process that converts the genetic information in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) into functional proteins. Translation regulation allows cells to control when, where, and how many proteins are synthesized. Much of what we know about translation comes from ensemble approaches that measure the average of many cells. The cellular and molecular heterogeneity in the regulation of translation remains largely elusive. Fluorescence microscopy allows interrogation of biological problems with single-molecule, single-cell sensitivity. In recent years, improved design of reagents and microscopy tools has led to improved spatial and temporal resolution of translation imaging. It is now possible to track global translation in specific subcellular compartments and follow the translation dynamics of single transcripts. Highlighted here is the recent progress in translation imaging with emphasis on in vivo translation dynamics. These tools will be invaluable to the study of translation regulation.

Spatio-Temporal Segmentation Applied to Optical Remote Sensing Image Time Series

The availability of a large amount of remote sensing data made Earth Observation increasingly accessible and detailed. High temporal and spatial resolution sensors are responsible for making available data sets of time series in unprecedented proportions. Within this context, the use of efficient segmentation algorithms of remote sensing imagery represents an important role in this scenario, because they provide homogeneous regions in space-time and hence simplify the data set. In addition, the spatio-temporal segmentation can bring a new way of interpreting data by means of analyzing contiguous regions in time. This letter describes a method for image segmentation applied to time series of the Earth Observation data. We adapted the traditional region growing method to detect homogeneous regions in space and time. Study cases were conducted by considering the dynamic time warping algorithm as the homogeneity criterion to grow regions. Tests on high temporal resolution image sequences from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager vegetation indices and comparisons with other distance measurements provided satisfactory outcomes.

Near‐Infrared II Dye‐Protein Complex for Biomedical Imaging and Imaging‐Guided Photothermal Therapy

The development of novel biodegradable and nontoxic fluorophores that integrate diagnosis and therapy for effective cancer treatment has obtained tremendous attention in the past decades. In this report, water-soluble and biocompatible small-molecule near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescent dye H2a-4T complexed with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Cetuximab proteins with excellent optical properties and targeting ability is prepared. High spatial and temporal resolution imaging of hind limb vasculature and the lymphatic system of living mice using H2a-4T@FBS complex is demonstrated in precise NIR-II imaging-guided sentinel lymph node surgery. More importantly, H2a-4T@Cetuximab complex not only exhibits a remarkable cell-killing ability but also achieves highly active tumor targeting efficiency for epidermal growth factor receptor, overexpressing colorectal cancer which is beneficial to in vivo NIR-II fluorescent imaging-guided photothermal therapy of colon tumors. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the concept of light-harvesting complex is exploited for enhancing the NIR-II signals and photothermal energy conversion in molecule-protein complex theranostic agent, making them a promising candidate for future clinical applications in cancer theranostics.

The advantages of using drones over space-borne imagery in the mapping of mangrove forests.

Satellite data and aerial photos have proved to be useful in efficient conservation and management of mangrove ecosystems. However, there have been only very few attempts to demonstrate the ability of drone images, and none so far to observe vegetation (species-level) mapping. The present study compares the utility of drone images (DJI-Phantom-2 with SJ4000 RGB and IR cameras, spatial resolution: 5cm) and satellite images (Pleiades-1B, spatial resolution: 50cm) for mangrove mapping—specifically in terms of image quality, efficiency and classification accuracy, at the Setiu Wetland in Malaysia. Both object- and pixel-based classification approaches were tested (QGIS v.2.12.3 with Orfeo Toolbox). The object-based classification (using a manual rule-set algorithm) of drone imagery with dominant land-cover features (i.e. water, land, Avicennia alba, Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora apiculata and Casuarina equisetifolia) provided the highest accuracy (overall accuracy (OA): 94.0±0.5% and specific producer accuracy (SPA): 97.0±9.3%) as compared to the Pleiades imagery (OA: 72.2±2.7% and SPA: 51.9±22.7%). In addition, the pixel-based classification (using a maximum likelihood algorithm) of drone imagery provided better accuracy (OA: 90.0±1.9% and SPA: 87.2±5.1%) compared to the Pleiades (OA: 82.8±3.5% and SPA: 80.4±14.3%). Nevertheless, the drone provided higher temporal resolution images, even on cloudy days, an exceptional benefit when working in a humid tropical climate. In terms of the user-costs, drone costs are much higher, but this becomes advantageous over satellite data for long-term monitoring of a small area. Due to the large data size of the drone imagery, its processing time was about ten times greater than that of the satellite image, and varied according to the various image processing techniques employed (in pixel-based classification, drone >50 hours, Pleiades <5 hours), constituting the main disadvantage of UAV remote sensing. However, the mangrove mapping based on the drone aerial photos provided unprecedented results for Setiu, and was proven to be a viable alternative to satellite-based monitoring/management of these ecosystems. The improvements of drone technology will help to make drone use even more competitive in the future.

High loop rate adaptive optics flood illumination ophthalmoscope with structured illumination capability.

The design and performance of an adaptive optics flood illumination ophthalmoscope (AO-FIO) platform, based on eye motion and dynamic aberrations experimental analysis, are described. The system incorporates a custom-built real-time controller, enabling up to 70Hz loop rate without jitter, and an AO-corrected illumination capable of projecting high-resolution features in the retina. Wide-field (2.7°×5.4°) and distortionless images from vessel walls, capillaries, and the lamina cribrosa are obtained with an enhanced contrast and signal-to-noise ratio, thanks to careful control of AO parameters. The high spatial and temporal resolution (image acquisition up to 200Hz) performance achieved by this platform enables the visualization of vessel deformation and blood flow. This system opens up the prospect of a return to favor of flood illumination adaptive optics systems provided that its high pixel rate and structured illumination capabilities are exploited.

Physical characteristics of delay-line current-biased kinetic inductance detector

Our preceding works reported the development of a high spatial and temporal resolution imaging system by using a current biased kinetic inductance detector (CB-KID) with the use of a delay-line technique. We called this system as a delay-line CB-KID, and succeeded in imaging of neutron events caused by the nuclear reaction and hot spots produced by using the delay-line CB-KID system. It was essentially important for our proposal to use a superconducting stripline to guide the pulsed signal where the signal propagates at a constant fast velocity along the stripline. In the present study, we intend to measure a propagation velocity of the signal along the stripline precisely to compare with the theoretical prediction of the signal propagation, which was recently developed with a superconducting waveguide S-I-S model by Koyama and Ishida [11]. Our present measurements showed a good agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experimental results on the propagation velocity as a function of temperature.

Doppler-Based Motion Compensation Strategies for 3-D Diverging Wave Compounding and Multiplane-Transmit Beamforming: A Simulation Study.

Fast imaging of the heart has shown promise toward bringing new diagnostic information. Although most studies to date have been based on 2-D imaging technology, the ultimate diagnostic tool would enable fast 3-D echocardiography. Hereto, 3-D diverging wave compounding (DWC) and 3-D multiline-transmit (MLT) beamforming have recently been proposed. Moreover, in our recent study, a hybrid technique was proposed in which multiple planar diverging waves were transmitted [i.e., multiplane-transmit (MPT)]. The proposed 3MPT sequence was demonstrated to outperform $9 \times 9$ DWC and 16MLT-4MLA (i.e., multiline acquisition) while imaging moving targets. However, none of the investigated beamforming techniques made use of motion compensation (MoCo) strategies. In this paper, we therefore propose Doppler-based MoCo strategies for 3-D DWC and MPT and test them via computer simulations. It is demonstrated that the MoCo strategies proposed for both DWC and MPT are effective and significantly restore image quality. Moreover, the MPT beamforming with MoCo outperforms $9 \times 9$ DWC with MoCo in terms of contrast ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio. The proposed MPT beamforming with MoCo thus provides volumetric images with relatively high temporal resolution (~66 Hz) and high image quality that is minimally affected by motion artifacts.

Improving temporal resolution and speed sensitivity of laser speckle contrast analysis imaging based on noise reduction with an anisotropic diffusion filter

The fluctuation of contrast caused by statistical noise degenerates the temporal/spatial resolution of laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and limits the maximum speed when imaging. In this study, we investigated the application of the anisotropic diffusion filter (ADF) to temporal LSCI and found that the edge magnitude parameter of the ADF can be determined by the mean of the contrast image. Because the edge magnitude parameter is usually denoted as K, we term this the K-constant ADF (KC-ADF) and show that temporal sensitivity is improved when imaging because of the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio when using the KC-ADF in small-animal experiments. The cardiac cycle of a rat as high as 390 bpm can be imaged with an industrial camera.

Example-Based Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Capturing biological dynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution demands the advancement in imaging technologies. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy offers spatial resolution surpassing the diffraction limit to resolve near-molecular-level details. While various strategies have been reported to improve the temporal resolution of super-resolution imaging, all super-resolution techniques are still fundamentally limited by the trade-off associated with the longer image acquisition time that is needed to achieve higher spatial information. Here, we demonstrated an example-based, computational method that aims to obtain super-resolution images using conventional imaging without increasing the imaging time. With a low-resolution image input, the method provides an estimate of its super-resolution image based on an example database that contains super- and low-resolution image pairs of biological structures of interest. The computational imaging of cellular microtubules agrees approximately with the experimental super-resolution STORM results. This new approach may offer potential improvements in temporal resolution for experimental super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and provide a new path for large-data aided biomedical imaging.

Fast, long-term, super-resolution imaging with Hessian structured illumination microscopy.

To increase the temporal resolution and maximal imaging time of super-resolution (SR) microscopy, we have developed a deconvolution algorithm for structured illumination microscopy based on Hessian matrixes (Hessian-SIM). It uses the continuity of biological structures in multiple dimensions as a priori knowledge to guide image reconstruction and attains artifact-minimized SR images with less than 10% of the photon dose used by conventional SIM while substantially outperforming current algorithms at low signal intensities. Hessian-SIM enables rapid imaging of moving vesicles or loops in the endoplasmic reticulum without motion artifacts and with a spatiotemporal resolution of 88 nm and 188 Hz. Its high sensitivity allows the use of sub-millisecond excitation pulses followed by dark recovery times to reduce photobleaching of fluorescent proteins, enabling hour-long time-lapse SR imaging of actin filaments in live cells. Finally, we observed the structural dynamics of mitochondrial cristae and structures that, to our knowledge, have not been observed previously, such as enlarged fusion pores during vesicle exocytosis.

High contrast imaging and flexible photomanipulation for quantitative in vivo multiphoton imaging with polygon scanning microscope

In this study, we introduce two key improvements that overcome limitations of existing polygon scanning microscopes while maintaining high spatial and temporal imaging resolution over large field of view (FOV). First, we proposed a simple and straightforward means to control the scanning angle of the polygon mirror to carry out photomanipulation without resorting to high speed optical modulators. Second, we devised a flexible data sampling method directly leading to higher image contrast by over 2-fold and digital images with 100 megapixels (10 240 × 10 240) per frame at 0.25 Hz. This generates sub-diffraction limited pixels (60 nm per pixels over the FOV of 512 μm) which increases the degrees of freedom to extract signals computationally. The unique combined optical and digital control recorded fine fluorescence recovery after localized photobleaching (r ~10 μm) within fluorescent giant unilamellar vesicles and micro-vascular dynamics after laser-induced injury during thrombus formation in vivo. These new improvements expand the quantitative biological-imaging capacity of any polygon scanning microscope system.

Multispectral registration method based on stellar trajectory fitting

Image registration techniques for detecting moving targets in space require high temporal resolution and multispectral images to improve the target detection probability and reduce the false positive rate. At present, image registration accuracy is affected by the effective number of common multispectral registration control points as well as its stability. Image registration based on on-orbit stellar trajectory measurement can be used to perform on-orbit modifications of registration deviation caused by thermal distortions during launch. This study proposes a new image registration method based on the on-orbit detection of stars by using the stellar trajectory on a camera’s focal plane. A generated 12 × 12 data template and the Lagrange interpolation method are used in the registration model. Multispectral image registration based on stellar trajectory fitting can achieve high-precision image registration among different spectra.

In Hypertension, Global Endothelial Calcium Underlies a Protective Mechanism that Limits Arterial Vasoconstriction.

In small arteries, increased vascular reactivity contributes to the raised blood pressure that characterizes established hypertension. Endothelial function is altered in hypertension and may confer protection against the increased vascular reactivity but the precise mechanisms involved are unresolved. Here, in isolated small mesenteric arteries from hypertensive SHR (arterial BP, 190 ± 4 mmHg) and age‐matched normotensive WKY (arterial BP, 120 ± 4 mmHg) rats, the mechanisms of altered endothelial function were examined using simultaneous measurement of arterial contraction and endothelial Ca2+ signalling in large fields (~2000) of cells.At rest, average Ca2+ concentration was higher in endothelium from SHR rats, compared to that in normotensive WKY controls (n = 8 in each group). In both groups, phenylephrine (1 μM) evoked an arterial contraction that had no accompanying change in endothelial Ca2+ levels during the contraction. However, phenylephrine‐induced (1 μM) contraction was reduced in arteries from SHR, compared to WKY rats (p &lt; 0.05; n = 5 in each group). In both normotensive and hypertensive arteries, selective disruption of endothelial Ca2+ signalling, using BAPTA‐AM (30 μM), inhibited ACh‐mediated endothelial Ca2+ signalling and artery relaxation and increased the contractions evoked by phenylephrine (n = 5 per group). After BAPTA treatment, the response to phenylephrine was normalised among groups – i.e. 1 μM phenylephrine evoked a maximal contraction in both groups. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L‐NAME also normalised phenylephrine‐induced contractions in pressurised arteries. These results suggest that basal, Ca2+‐dependent, nitric oxide production may be upregulated in the endothelium of SHR rats to limit arterial contractions. To explore this possibility further, local spontaneous endothelial Ca2+ signals were examined using high spatial (100X, NA = 1.4) and temporal (20 Hz) resolution imaging. In the absence of stimulation with pharmacological agents, spontaneous local Ca2+ events occurred frequently in the endothelium of blood vessels from WKY rats. These events had a wide spectrum of amplitudes and durations. A spatial map of the location and distribution of the local Ca2+ sites showed the majority of local events occurred close to junctions with smooth muscle cells to a greater extent than would be expected if the Ca2+ events initiated randomly throughout the cytoplasm (p &lt; 0.05; n = 8 in each group). These findings suggest that the local endothelial Ca2+ rises may account for an endothelial‐dependent opposition to phenylephrine‐induced tone. However, the propensity of local Ca2+ signals was significantly decreased in arteries from SHR compared to those from WKY rats (p &lt; 0.05; n = 8 in each group). This result suggests that alterations in local endothelial Ca2+ signal dynamics are unlikely to explain the increased endothelium‐dependent negative feedback that opposes phenylephrine‐evoked contraction in hypertension.We suggest the elevated global Ca2+ concentration in endothelial cells at rest accounts for increased NO production and suppressed phenylephrine‐evoked contraction. The increased endothelial global Ca2+ concentration may be a compensatory mechanism to offset the increased contractile responsiveness of smooth muscle cells in the hypertensive rat arteries.Support or Funding InformationThis work was funded by the Wellcome Trust (202924/Z/16/Z) and the British Heart Foundation (PG/16/54/32230; PG16/82/32439), whose support is gratefully acknowledged. C.W. is supported by a Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Research Fellowship (204682/Z/16/Z).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Assessment of Spatiotemporal Fusion Algorithms for Planet and Worldview Images.

Although Worldview-2 (WV) images (non-pansharpened) have 2-m resolution, the re-visit times for the same areas may be seven days or more. In contrast, Planet images are collected using small satellites that can cover the whole Earth almost daily. However, the resolution of Planet images is 3.125 m. It would be ideal to fuse these two satellites images to generate high spatial resolution (2 m) and high temporal resolution (1 or 2 days) images for applications such as damage assessment, border monitoring, etc. that require quick decisions. In this paper, we evaluate three approaches to fusing Worldview (WV) and Planet images. These approaches are known as Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM), Flexible Spatiotemporal Data Fusion (FSDAF), and Hybrid Color Mapping (HCM), which have been applied to the fusion of MODIS and Landsat images in recent years. Experimental results using actual Planet and Worldview images demonstrated that the three aforementioned approaches have comparable performance and can all generate high quality prediction images.

A Hybrid Color Mapping Approach to Fusing MODIS and Landsat Images for Forward Prediction

We present a new, simple, and efficient approach to fusing MODIS and Landsat images. It is well known that MODIS images have high temporal resolution and low spatial resolution, whereas Landsat images are just the opposite. Similar to earlier approaches, our goal is to fuse MODIS and Landsat images to yield high spatial and high temporal resolution images. Our approach consists of two steps. First, a mapping is established between two MODIS images, where one is at an earlier time, t1, and the other one is at the time of prediction, tp. Second, this mapping is applied to map a known Landsat image at t1 to generate a predicted Landsat image at tp. Similar to the Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM), SpatioTemporal Image-Fusion Model (STI-FM), and the Flexible Spatiotemporal DAta Fusion (FSDAF) approaches, only one pair of MODIS and Landsat images is needed for prediction. Using seven performance metrics, experiments involving actual Landsat and MODIS images demonstrated that the proposed approach achieves comparable or better fusion performance than that of STARFM, STI-FM, and FSDAF.

Considering low-rank, sparse and gas-inflow effects constraints for accelerated pulmonary dynamic hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI

Dynamic hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe MRI is able to visualize the process of lung ventilation, which potentially provides unique information about lung physiology and pathophysiology. However, the longitudinal magnetization of HP 129Xe is nonrenewable, making it difficult to achieve high image quality while maintaining high temporal-spatial resolution in the pulmonary dynamic MRI. In this paper, we propose a new accelerated dynamic HP 129Xe MRI scheme incorporating the low-rank, sparse and gas-inflow effects (L + S + G) constraints. According to the gas-inflow effects of HP gas during the lung inspiratory process, a variable-flip-angle (VFA) strategy is designed to compensate for the rapid attenuation of the magnetization. After undersampling k-space data, an effective reconstruction algorithm considering the low-rank, sparse and gas-inflow effects constraints is developed to reconstruct dynamic MR images. In this way, the temporal and spatial resolution of dynamic MR images is improved and the artifacts are lessened. Simulation and in vivo experiments implemented on the phantom and healthy volunteers demonstrate that the proposed method is not only feasible and effective to compensate for the decay of the magnetization, but also has a significant improvement compared with the conventional reconstruction algorithms (P-values are less than 0.05). This confirms the superior performance of the proposed designs and their ability to maintain high quality and temporal-spatial resolution.

Phase division multiplexed EIT for enhanced temporal resolution

Objective: The most commonly used EIT paradigm (time division multiplexing) limits the temporal resolution of impedance images due to the need to switch between injection electrodes. Advances have previously been made using frequency division multiplexing (FDM) to increase temporal resolution, but in cases where a fixed range of frequencies is available, such as imaging fast neural activity, an upper limit is placed on the total number of simultaneous injections. The use of phase division multiplexing (PDM) where multiple out of phase signals can be injected at each frequency is investigated to increase temporal resolution. Approach: TDM, FDM and PDM were compared in head tank experiments, to compare transfer impedance measurements and spatial resolution between the three techniques. A resistor phantom paradigm was established to investigate the imaging of one-off impedance changes, of magnitude 1% and with durations as low as 500 µs (similar to those seen in nerve bundles), using both PDM and TDM approaches. Main results: In head tank experiments, a strong correlation (r > 0.85 and p < 0.001) was present between the three sets of measured transfer impedances, and no statistically significant difference was found in reconstructed image quality. PDM was able to image impedance changes down to 500 µs in the phantom experiments, while the minimum duration imaged using TDM was 5 ms. Significance: PDM offers a possible solution to the imaging of fast moving impedance changes (such as in nerves), where the use of triggering or coherent averaging is not possible. The temporal resolution presents an order of magnitude improvement of the TDM approach, and the approach addresses the limited spatial resolution of FDM by increasing the number of simultaneous EIT injections.

Evaluating the effects of maternal alcohol consumption on murine fetal brain vasculature using optical coherence tomography.

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can result in a range of anomalies including brain and behavioral dysfunctions, collectively termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. PAE during the 1st and 2nd trimester is common, and research in animal models has documented significant neural developmental deficits associated with PAE during this period. However, little is known about the immediate effects of PAE on fetal brain vasculature. In this study, we used in utero speckle variance optical coherence tomography, a high spatial- and temporal-resolution imaging modality, to evaluate dynamic changes in microvasculature of the 2nd trimester equivalent murine fetal brain, minutes after binge-like maternal alcohol exposure. Acute binge-like PAE resulted in a rapid (<1 hour) and significant decrease (P < .001) in vessel diameter as compared to the sham group. The data show that a single binge-like maternal alcohol exposure resulted in swift vasoconstriction in fetal brain vessels during the critical period of neurogenesis.

Free-breathing dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for assessment of pulmonary lesions using golden-angle radial sparse parallel imaging.

Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been shown to be a promising technique for assessing lung lesions. However, DCE-MRI often suffers from motion artifacts and insufficient imaging speed. Therefore, highly accelerated free-breathing DCE-MRI is of clinical interest for lung exams. To test the performance of rapid free-breathing DCE-MRI for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative assessment of pulmonary lesions using Golden-angle RAdial Sparse Parallel (GRASP) imaging. Prospective. Twenty-six patients (17 males, mean age = 55.1 ± 14.4) with known pulmonary lesions. 3T MR scanner; a prototype fat-saturated, T1 -weighted stack-of-stars golden-angle radial sequence for data acquisition and a Cartesian breath-hold volumetric-interpolated examination (BH-VIBE) sequence for comparison. After a dual-mode GRASP reconstruction, one with 3-second temporal resolution (3s-GRASP) and the other with 15-second temporal resolution (15s-GRASP), all GRASP and BH-VIBE images were pooled together for blind assessment by two experienced radiologists, who independently scored the overall image quality, lesion delineation, overall artifact level, and diagnostic confidence of each case. Perfusion analysis was performed for the 3s-GRASP images using a Tofts model to generate the volume transfer coefficient (Ktrans ) and interstitial volume (Ve ). Nonparametric paired two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test; Cohen's kappa; unpaired Student's t-test. 15s-GRASP achieved comparable image quality with conventional BH-VIBE (P > 0.05), except for the higher overall artifact level in the precontrast phase (P = 0.018). The Ktrans and Ve in inflammation were higher than those in malignant lesions (Ktrans : 0.78 ± 0.52 min-1 vs. 0.37 ± 0.22 min-1 , P = 0.020; Ve : 0.36 ± 0.16 vs. 0.26 ± 0.1, P = 0.177). Also, the Ktrans and Ve in malignant lesions were also higher than those in benign lesions (Ktrans : 0.37 ± 0.22 min-1 vs. 0.04 ± 0.04 min-1 , P = 0.001; Ve : 0.26 ± 0.12 vs. 0.10 ± 0.00, P = 0.063). This feasibility study demonstrated the performance of high spatiotemporal resolution free-breathing DCE-MRI of the lung using GRASP for qualitative and quantitative assessment of pulmonary lesions. 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2018;48:459-468.

Automated detection of Coronal Mass Ejections in Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) on-board ADITYA-L1

AbstractAn onboard automated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) detection algorithm has been developed for Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) onboard ADITYA-L1. The aim of this algorithm is to reduce the load on telemetry by sending the high spatial (~ 2.51 arcsec pixel−1) and temporal (1 s) resolution images of corona from 1.05 R⊙ to 3 R⊙, containing CMEs and rejecting others. It is based on intensity thresholding followed by an area thresholding in successive running difference images which are re-binned to lower resolution to improve signal to noise. Here we present the results of application of the algorithm on synthetic corona images generated for the VELC field of view (FOV).