Templer's Death Anxiety Scale Research Articles

Comparison of death anxiety symptoms between generalized anxiety disorder and somatization disorder in geriatric patients attending a psychiatric outpatient clinic for the first time

Somatic complaints are among the important complaints frequently seen in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD). Death anxiety has also increased significantly with the Covid-19 pandemic, especially in the elderly population. In this study, we compared the difference of the death anxiety level among patients with GAD, SSD and healthy controls.This cross-sectional study which was carried out in Artvin State Hospital's Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic included 59 participants (GAD = 21, SSD = 18, HC = 20). Three groups were subjected to detailed psychiatric examination by the same psychiatrist. Subsequently, anxiety, somatic symptoms and death anxiety were assessed using standardized tools (GAD-7, Templer Death Anxiety Scale, Somatic Symptom Scale).The GAD-7 Scale mean of the GAD group was significantly higher than SSD (p = 0.001) and Healthy Control (HC) (p = 0.001) groups. Death anxiety and Somatic Symptom levels in GAD and SSD groups were significantly higher than in healthy controls. (GAD, p = 0.001; SSD, p = 0.001) with no significant difference between GAD and SSD groups (p = 1). Healthy controls exhibited significantly lower scores in the three scales mean scores compared to the SSD and GAD groups (p = 0.001).Irrespective of specific psychiatric diagnoses, these findings highlight elevated death anxiety in the elderly, underscoring the need for tailored mental health interventions.

New Graduate Nurses' Approaches to Death and Dying Patients and the Relationship Between Death Anxiety and Death Awareness: A Cross-Sectional Study.

One of the challenges experienced by new graduate nurses during the transition into practice is caring for dying patients. This study aimed to determine new graduate nurses' approaches to death and dying patients and the relationship between death anxiety and death awareness. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 226 new graduate nurses in Istanbul, Türkiye. A personal and work environment characteristics form, the Approach to Death and Dying Patients Attitude Scale, Templer's Death Anxiety Scale, and Multidimensional Mortality Awareness Measure were used to collect data. Hardness in communicating with the dying patients (hardness: meaning difficulty) and their relatives and avoiding death and dying patients were considered moderate, with mean scores of 2.64 ± .63 and 2.45 ± .40, out of 4. Death anxiety accounted for approximately 7% of the variance of hardness in communicating with dying patients and their relatives, which is statistically significant. Death awareness statistically significantly explained 9.7% of avoiding death and dying patients. For new graduate nurses, besides simulation-based training on end-of-life care, approaches to sharing their experiences about death and programs to determine a value system related to death may be recommended.

Death Anxiety in Patients with a History of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Spiritual Well-Being and Coping Strategies.

Patients who have previously undergone coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) were prone to death anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. It appears that spiritual well-being and appropriate coping strategies may mitigate the harmful effects of death anxiety. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of death anxiety in patients with CABG during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being, coping strategies and death anxiety.This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with CABG history in Tehran from June 2021 to February 2022. The face-to-face questionnaire, containing questions on demographics, Templer's death anxiety scale, the spiritual well-being questionnaire, and the ways of coping questionnaire was administered to collect data. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive-analytical statistics, correlation tests, and logistic regression models.Participants' mean age was 55.59 ± 12.78 years. The mean death anxiety score was 10.00 ± 2.16, with 87% of participants reporting high levels and 13% reporting low levels of death anxiety. Based on the results, there was a significant negative correlation between death anxiety and coping strategies, as well as subscales of distancing, seeking social support, accepting responsibility, and planful problem-solving. Logistic regression showed that with the increase in the score of spiritual well-being, the odds of having high levels of death anxiety decreased (p < 0.05). Furthermore, increasing the total score of coping strategies, and the score of self-controlling, seeking social support, accepting responsibility, and planful problem-solving, significantly reduced the odds of high levels of death anxiety (p < 0.05).The study showed that patients with a CABG history experienced high death anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the findings, spiritual well-being and coping strategies, especially self-controlling, seeking social support, accepting responsibility, and planful problem-solving,may reduce the odds of severe death anxiety. These should be considered as effective targets for psychological intervention in these patients.

The effect of social frailty on mental health and quality of life in older people: a cross-sectional study.

This study aims to evaluate anxiety, depression, loneliness, death anxiety, and quality of life and investigate their relationship with social frailty in the geriatric population. Additionally, it aimed to identify social frailty predictors. The study included 136 participants admitted to the geriatric outpatient clinic. The 15-itemGeriatricDepressionScale(GDS-15), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G), the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (T-DAS), the Loneliness Scale for the Elderly (LSE), the Quality of Life Scale (CASP-19), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Test (GAD-7), the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), the FRAIL Scale, and the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) were performed. The TFI was used to collect data about social frailty. There were 61.8% females, and the median age (min-max) was 72.2 (65.3-90.3) years. The prevalence rate of social frailty was 26.7%. The rates of depression, loneliness, anxiety, death anxiety, the burden of chronic disease, and frailty were higher in the social frailty group. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis revealed a strong relationship between social frailty status and widowhood (odds ratio (OR) 6.86; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.42-19.37;p < 0.001), moderate to severe anxiety symptoms (OR 4.37; 95% CI 1.08-17.68; p = 0.038), and a TFI-physical frailty score (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.12-1.73;p = 0.002). In older adults, the social dimension of frailty is associated with quality of life and psychological state. Physical frailty and sociodemographic characteristics may affect the development of social frailty.

Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schemas, COVID-19 Anxiety, and Death Anxiety During COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant concerns and public panic. Due to the ambiguous and deadly nature of this virus, it triggers anxiety related to COVID-19 and a fear of death. On the other hand, early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) can impact anxiety. Objectives: The current research aimed to determine the relationship between EMSs, COVID-19 anxiety, and death anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic among Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZAUMS) students in Iran. Methods: The present descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 ZAUMS students selected through a purposive and convenience sampling technique from May 2022 to December 2022. The data were collected using the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, the short version of the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), and the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). The data were analyzed in SPSS 22 using various statistical methods, including frequency analysis, mean calculation, standard deviation calculation, descriptive indices, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The disconnection and rejection schema predicted COVID-19 anxiety without a moderator or with a history of contact with a COVID-19 patient as a moderator (B = 0.10, t = 2.69, P &lt; 0.05, R2 = 0.09). Impaired autonomy and performance could predict death anxiety with the moderating role of a history of contact with a COVID-19 patient (B = 0.31 t = 2.14, P &lt; 0.05), history of contracting COVID-19 (B = 0.24; t = 2.12, P &lt; 0.05), discipline, and study period or without any moderator. Over-vigilance could predict death anxiety with the moderating role of discipline or without a moderator (B = 0.41, t = 2.93, P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Disconnection and rejection with or without a moderator predict COVID-19 anxiety. Over-vigilance, impaired autonomy, and performance schema domain predict death anxiety. Effective moderators in predicting variables are contact with a COVID-19 patient, history of contracting COVID-19, discipline, and study period.

The correlation between death anxiety, loneliness and hope levels in patients treated in the cardiac intensive care unit.

A sense of hope plays an important role in relieving stress and psychological distress of cardiology patients, as well as improving their physical well-being. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between death anxiety, loneliness and hope levels in patients receiving treatment in a cardiac intensive care unit (ICU). This is a prospective, descriptive and correlational study. The study was completed with 150 cardiac ICU patients in Istanbul, Turkey. The data were collected using a Patient Information Form, the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS), the Herth Hope Index (HHI) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS). The patients had a mean age of 63.56 ± 12.74 years. Most of the patients (82%) were treated in the ICU for heart failure. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between total scores of TDAS and UCLA-LS (r = .337; p < .001) and a statistically significant negative correlation between total scores of UCLA-LS and HHI (r = -.292; p < .001). Also, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between the scores of UCLA-LS and Positive Readiness and Expectancy Subscale (r = -.164; p = .044). The multiple linear regression indicated that the model was statistically significant (F = 7.177, p < .001). The variables of age and UCLA-LS among those included in the model were statistically significant predictors of the death anxiety scores of the patients (23.1%) (p < .05). The cardiology patients who received treatment in the ICU had a high level of death anxiety and moderate levels of loneliness and hope. The age and loneliness level were statistically significant predictors of death anxiety. It is recommended that individualized nursing care be planned and provided to conscious cardiology patients who are treated in the ICU, considering their age and loneliness levels and that nursing care be planned for individuals who are at risk of fear, anxiety, loneliness and hopelessness by periodically assessing their death anxiety, loneliness and hope levels.

Factors Affecting Death Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study.

After the operation, death anxiety of patients is affected by many factors. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting death anxiety of patients undergoing open heart surgery. A descriptive, cross-sectional study. Data were collected using the 'Introductory Information Form,' the 'Templer's Death Anxiety Scale,' and the 'Spiritual Well-being Scale.' This study was conducted with 313 intensive care patients. The mean scores of the patients on the "Death Anxiety Scale" were moderate (7.96 (4.28)). According to the study findings, age, gender, length of stay in the intensive care unit, and spiritual well-being were found to be important predictors of death anxiety (F (4,308) = 16.149, p < .001). Considering gender differences in nursing care, it is thought that the intensive care period will be shortened, the level of spiritual well-being will increase and death anxiety will decrease.

Mediating effect of successful aging on the relationship between psychological resilience and death anxiety among middle-aged and older adults with hypertension.

The aging trend of China's population is severe and successful aging (SA) is imminent. Aging can lead to various chronic diseases, with hypertension being the most common. Due to this lifelong disease, patients suffer from many anxieties, as death anxiety (DA) can be the most prevalent. Studies have exhibited that middle-aged adults approaching the transition to an older state show more pronounced DA than the more senior. It has been suggested that psychological resilience (PR) can reduce DA. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the mediating effect of SA between PR and DA in middle-aged and older adults with hypertension. A cross-sectional survey was designed. From August to December 2021, 298 middle-aged and older adults with hypertension were selected by multistage cluster random sampling in three districts (Ling he District, Gu ta District, and Tai He District) of Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province. They were surveyed using the demographic questionnaires, the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Successful Aging Inventory, and the Chinese version of a Likert-type Templer-Death Anxiety Scale. Descriptive analyses, independent sample T-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to describe demographic characteristics among hypertensive patients with different characteristics, respectively. Statistics were considered significant when P < 0.05. Pearson correlation coefficients describe the relationship between PR, SA, and DA. The research model was shaped through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). SPSS PROCESS macro was used to verify the mediation model. A binary logistic regression model was used with DA as the dependent variable. The scores for PR, SA, and DA in hypertensive patients are (49.52 ± 14.38) points, (51.22 ± 7.63) points, and (46.67 ± 9.03) points. PR was negatively correlated with DA (r = -0.307, P < 0.01). Moreover, incorporating SA as a mediating variable in PR and DA, SA was positively correlated with PR (r = 0.335, P < 0.01) and DA (r = 0.085, P > 0.05). The direct effect is opposite to the sign of the indirect effect. There is a suppression between PR and DA with a percentage of 20.7%. Good self-assessed health status [0.057 (0.018, 0.183)] may be a protective factor for DA. Healthcare providers should improve the PR of middle-aged and older adults with hypertension through interventions that reduce DA and increase the likelihood of SA.

Spiritual Well-Being and Death Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Iranian Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients experience a tremendous psychological burden, typically in the form of death worry due to acute medical conditions and the possibility of mortality. The unfavourable conditions of ACS patients cause them to reconsider the meaning of life and their spiritual well-being. This study evaluated the association between death anxiety and spiritual well-being in a total of 241 ACS patients in Shahroud, northeast of Iran. The data were collected using the Templer Death Anxiety Scale, and the Spiritual Well-being Scale by convenience sampling method. All patients indicated a high degree of death anxiety, and roughly half reported a moderate level of spiritual well-being. There was a significant and direct correlation between death anxiety and spiritual well-being levels. Older age, single status, and non-smoking were other predictors of good spiritual well-being. A multidisciplinary health team should identify and implement approaches to promote spiritual well-being and reduce mental suffering.

Evaluating the Correlation of Death Anxiety With Spirituality, Religious Attitude, and Resilience in Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases.

This study aimed to determine the correlation between spirituality, religious attitude, and resilience with death anxiety in cardiovascular patients in Sanandaj, Iran. This study was conducted on 414 cardiovascular patients, who were selected by convenience sampling method. Demographic information forms, Spiritual Well Being Scale, Golriz and Burhani's Religious Attitude, Connor-Davidson Resilience Questionnaire, and Templer's Death Anxiety Scale were used to collect data. Results indicated that compared to urban areas, living in rural areas significantly increased the average score of death anxiety by 0.55 points (p = 0.026). Additionally, a one-unit increase in religious attitude and resilience significantly reduced the mean score of death anxiety by 0.05 (p = 0.003) and 0.13 (p <0.001) on average, respectively. Spearman rank correlation indicated that religious attitudes and resilience were inversely and significantly correlated with death anxiety. Therefore, providing counseling sessions with psychologists and clergy seems necessary for a favorable change in the state of death anxiety in these patients.

Assessment of Depression and Death Anxiety among Adolescents and Husbands of Palestinian Women with Cancer

Assessment of Depression and Death Anxiety among Adolescents and Husbands of Palestinian Women with Cancer This study aimed to assess the prevalence of death anxiety and depression among adolescent children and husbands of women with cancer in Palestine. The study involved 285 participants, including 200 adolescents aged 12 to 20 years and 85 husbands of women with cancer who were treated at two major cancer centers in Palestine. The participants completed a self-reported questionnaire to assess death anxiety using the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) and depression using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The results showed that depression and death anxiety were prevalent among family members of women with cancer, with a significantly higher mean depression score in adolescents than in husbands. The worst depression and highest anxiety mean scores were observed in daughters. In total, up to 20% of the sample had scores indicating clinical depression. The anxiety analysis revealed that 39.9% of all participants had concerns or serious concerns about death, with daughters having the highest percentage. The study found that coping and work were significant predictors of depression among sons of women with cancer while coping, mothers’ education, residence, and monthly income of the family significantly predicted sons’ death anxiety. Age, coping, type and duration of treatment, and care provider were significant predictors of depression among daughters, while age, care provider, monthly income, and mothers’ stage of cancer significantly predicted daughters’ death anxiety. Coping was also a significant predictor for depression and death anxiety in husbands, in addition to work. The study highlights the need for national policy initiation and counseling programs implementation for families with cancer patients, especially for adolescent daughters, and to assess mental disorders, such as depression and death anxiety, among those families.

Effectiveness of Interventions on Death Anxiety and Fear in Adults with Chronic Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the outcomes of various interventions to alleviate death anxiety and fear. Studies published between January 2010 and June 2022 were searched in the ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CHINAL databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement guidelines were used in this meta-analysis. The results were examined using 95% confidence intervals, p-values, and fixed- or random-effects models based on the heterogeneity test. Sixteen studies involving 1262 participants were included in this systematic review. Interventions in seven studies using the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS) significantly decreased death anxiety levels in the intervention groups compared to the control groups (z = -4.47; p < 0.001; 95% CI: -3.36 to -1.31). This meta-analysis provides insights into implementing logotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, spirituality-based care, and educational interventions for death anxiety and the fear experienced by patients with chronic diseases.

Melatonin levels are low in COVID-19 positive patients and these levels are associated with depression, death anxiety and insomnia

In this study, we aimed to measure the melatonin levels in COVID-19 positive patients and to investigate the relationship of these levels with depression, death anxiety and insomnia. COVID-19 positive pneumonia group, COVID-19 negative pneumonia group and healthy control groups were included in the study. Melatonin ELISA kit was used. Blood samples were taken at 23:00 h (h), 02:00 h and 06:00 h. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Templer Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were employed to collect data from the participants. The melatonin levels of COVID-19 positive patients at 23:00 h were lower than the control group. In addition, and the melatonin levels of COVID-19 positive patients at 02:00 h and at 06:00 h were lower than both the COVID-19 negative patient group and the control group. It was observed that the peak melatonin concentration of COVID-19 positive patients occurred at 06:00 h. BDI, TDAS and ISI scores of COVID-19 positive patients were higher than other groups. There was a negative correlation between BDI, TDAS, ISI scores of COVID-19 positive patients and their melatonin levels. The correlation between all scale scores and melatonin levels was higher at 02:00 h. Adding melatonin to the treatment of COVID-19 positive patients may be beneficial for these patients experiencing high levels of depression, anxiety and insomnia.

Investigating the role of predictive death anxiety in the job satisfaction of pre-hospital emergency personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundPre-hospital emergency staffs as the frontline forces fighting against COVID -19 have been affected by this pandemic. Today, the occupational and mental health of these individuals is particularly important to the health care system. Death anxiety is one of the inevitable things in this job, and not paying attention to it can cause unwanted effects such as changing the level of job satisfaction of the personnel. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of predictive death anxiety in the job satisfaction of pre-hospital emergency personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among pre-hospital emergency staffs in Qazvin Province, Iran in 2021–2022. Among the bases chosen by the census method, 198 samples were included in the study by the available method. Data collection tools included the Demographic Checklist, Templer's Death Anxiety scale, and the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. The data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS 20 software.ResultsThe mean age of the samples was (33.14 ± 6.77). 167 persons were male and the others were female. The average job satisfaction and death anxiety of the personnel were 55.07 ± 11.50 and 8.18 ± 1.96, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient between the two variables was r = -0.126 And a null correlation coefficient hypothesis has been confirmed with p-value = 0.077.ConclusionsThe results showed a high level of death anxiety and average job satisfaction. Although these two variables do not have a significant relationship with each other, considering that they do not have the appropriate level, it needs more investigation and consideration.

Mediator role of presence of meaning and self-esteem in the relationship of social support and death anxiety.

Death anxiety has increased following the COVID-19 pandemic. Although terror management theory has suggested social support, presence of meaning and self-esteem functioned as death anxiety buffers, few existing works have explored the mechanism of how social support, presence of meaning, and self-esteem buffer death anxiety. To identify these mechanisms is the aim of this study. Our cross-sectional study was conducted with 1167 people in China from 19 May 2020 to 1 June 2020 during the COVID-19 outbreak. The average age of participants was 26 years. Data were by questionnaire, including demographic information, the Templer's Death anxiety scale, the multidimensional scale of perceived social support, the presence of meaning scale, and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Results using structural equation modeling showed presence of meaning and self-esteem fully mediated the relationship between social support and death anxiety, respectively and sequentially. The proposed model showed good fit of indices: χ2 = 243.384, df = 58, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.968, TLI = 0.954, RMSEA = 0.052, SRMR = 0.044. This study demonstrates significant mediator roles of presence of meaning and self-esteem in the relationship of social support and death anxiety. Multi-component interventions are needed to manage death anxiety by targeting increasing social support, presence of meaning and self-esteem and increasing presence of meaning and self-esteem when social support is diminished in the pandemic.

Prediction of Death Anxiety based on Body Image Concerns Mediated by Disease Perception in Patients with Breast Cancer

The present study aimed to predict death anxiety based on body image concerns mediated by disease perception in patients with breast cancer. In this descriptive correlation study, Templer's Death Anxiety Scale, Littleton’s Body Image Concern Inventory, and Broadbent's Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire were used to collect data. The statistical population included all patients with breast cancer in Abadan City in 2020 who were referred to medical centers for six months. A total of 200 of whom were selected as the sample of the study using convenience sampling. The proposed model was evaluated using path analysis with AMOS software. The results showed that there was a significant association between body image and disease perception (β=0.33, P=0.001), and death anxiety (β=0.57, P=0.001), and between disease perception and death anxiety (β= 0.39, P=0.001). There was a relationship between body image and death anxiety through the mediating role of disease perception in patients with breast cancer (P=0.009). According to the results of the study, the relationship of body image with death anxiety through the mediation of disease perception had a good fit and is an important step in identifying the factors affecting death anxiety of patients with breast cancer.

Death Anxiety in the Iranian Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study.

The present study aimed to estimate the standard score of death anxiety in the Iranian elderly. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, national and international databases were searched from inception to January 2022. All the observational studies published in Persian and English, which reported a death anxiety score based on the Templer death anxiety scale, were selected. The standard score of death anxiety in the elderly was 50% (95% CI: 45-56). No correlation was observed between the year of publication (p = .092) and sample size (p = .94) with the standard score of death anxiety in the elderly. With increased age, death anxiety scores declined. Publication bias was not significant (p = .340). Iranian seniors achieved half of the total score of death anxiety, which indicated the average level of death anxiety. Providing training to effectively manage death anxiety is essential to preventing the adverse consequences of extreme death anxiety.

The prevalence and risk factors of death anxiety and fear of COVID-19 in an Iranian community: A cross-sectional study.

Background and AimsCOVID‐19 has adversely impacted the public's mental health. One of the causes of psychopathology during the present pandemic is death anxiety and fear of COVID‐19. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of death anxiety and fear of COVID‐19 in Shiraz city, south of Iran.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted among 982 participants in Shiraz from October to November 2021. Data were collected using Templer's Death Anxiety Scale and the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale. Trained interviewers collected data throughout different city districts. A data‐driven approach (latent class analysis) was applied to categorize the participants and determine the risk factors.ResultsAmong the participants, 507 (51.6%) were female, and 475 (48.4%) were male. The participants’ mean age was 38.26 ± 15.16 years. Based on the analysis, 259 (26.4%), 512 (52.1%), and 211 (21.5%) participants had low, moderate, and severe levels of death anxiety. Also, 393 (40.06%) and 588 (59.94%) of the participants had low and high levels of fear, respectively. Higher death anxiety was significantly associated with being female, having an associate degree, being retired, share of medical expenditure from total expenditure of more than 10%, having a history of hospital admission due to COVID‐19, history of COVID‐19 in relatives, and having fear of COVID‐19. Also, being female, expenses equal to income, history of hospital admission due to COVID‐19, death in relatives, and higher death anxiety were linked to higher levels of fear of COVID‐19.ConclusionsDeath anxiety and fear of COVID‐19 are closely associated with each other and affected by various sociodemographic and economic factors. Given this pandemic's unpredictable nature and chronicity, interventions at the community level to support high‐risk groups are crucial.

Examining the moderating role of religiosity in the relationship between death anxiety and depression in Iranian community-dwelling older adults

ABSTRACT The present study examines the moderating role of religiosity in the association between death anxiety and depression among Iranian community-dwelling older adults. This study recruited 340 participants using a cluster sampling method. The data were collected using the Templer Death Anxiety Scale, Goldberg Depression Questionnaire, and Allport-Ross Intrinsic/Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale. The moderating role of intrinsic (death anxiety × intrinsic: β = -.048, p = .388) and extrinsic (death anxiety × extrinsic: β = -.011, p = .831) religiosity in the relationship between death anxiety and depression was not confirmed. The findings did not support the moderating role of religiosity in the relationship between death anxiety and depression. Further studies are recommended to confirm these results.

A Systematic Review of Death Anxiety and Related Factors Among Nurses.

This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence regarding death anxiety (DA) and related factors among nurses. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database (SID) databases were extensively searched using purpose-related keywords from the earliest to October 5, 2021. A total of 6819 nurses were included in 31 studies. The DA of nurses based on the Templer's Death Anxiety Scale was moderate. Factors such as personal anxiety, frequency and severity of job stress, burnout, dying patient avoidance behavior, euthanasia, sex, mental health status, social desirability, attitude toward the elderly, humor, social maturity, psychological hardiness, quality of life, lack of social activity, self-efficacy, coping with death, and life satisfaction were associated with nurses' DA. Therefore, nursing policymakers can promote nurses' health to improve the quality of nursing care by considering these related factors.