Sol Gel Template Method Research Articles

Competitive Adsorption of Aqueous Cd(II) and Pb(II) Solutions onto Silicas Synthesized with Saponin as Template Agent

The aim of the research was to prepare silica adsorbents using an environmentally friendly pathway, a template synthesis with saponin biosurfactant as a structure-directing agent. The adsorbents prepared in this way exhibit improved adsorption properties while maintaining environmental innocuousness. For the preparation of porous silica, the biosurfactant template sol–gel method was used with tetraethoxysilane as a silica precursor. The silica adsorbents were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption and SEM/EDX microscopy, TEM/HRTEM microscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses. Batch tests were carried out to remediate Pb(II)/Cd(II) ions in single/binary aqueous solutions, and the effect of the surfactant on the adsorption properties was assessed. The optimal adsorption parameters (pH, contact time, initial concentration of metal ions) have been determined. The adsorption was fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. Mathematical modeling of the retention process of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from binary solutions indicated a competitive effect of each of the two adsorbed metal ions. The experimental results demonstrated that saponin has the effect of modifying the silica structure through the formation of pores, which are involved in the retention of metal ions from aqueous solutions and wastewater.

Preparation of Mesoporous Si Nanoparticles by Magnesiothermic Reduction for the Enhanced Reactivity.

In this study, mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (M-Si) were successfully prepared by a magnesiothermic reduction of mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which were synthesized by a templated sol-gel method and used as the precursors. M-Si exhibited a uniform size distribution with an average diameter of about 160 nm. The measured BET surface area was 93.0 m2 g-1, and the average pore size calculated by the BJH method was 16 nm. The large internal surface area provides rich reaction sites, resulting in unique interfacial properties and reduced mass diffusion limitations. The mechanism of the magnesiothermic reduction process was discussed. The reactivity of prepared M-Si was compared with that of commercially available non-porous Si nanopowder (with the average diameter of about 30 nm) by performing simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry in the air. The results showed that the reaction onset temperature indicated by weight gain was advanced from 772 °C to 468 °C, indicating the promising potential of M-Si as fuel for metastable intermolecular composites.

Facile preparation of regular truncated octahedral LiMn2O4 cathode with high rate cyclability and stability for Li-ion batteries

Spinel LiMn2O4, as a mainstream commercial cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, is still suffered from severe capacity fading caused by Mn dissolution and Jahn-Teller distortion during the cycle process, which can be solved by developing selectively exposed crystal planes. Herein, a perfect monocrystal LiMn2O4 with regular truncated octahedral structure has been synthesized via a facile and low-cost carbon template sol-gel method. The phase composition and morphology of LiMn2O4 can be regulated by carbon template content, ranging from irregular micro-aggregates to nanoporous network structure composed of truncated nano-octahedrons with high crystallinity. The high crystallinity suppresses Jahn-Teller distortion and the large presence of {111} surfaces inhibit Mn dissolution can both improve its cycle stability, the unique nanoporous network structure facilitates shortening the Li+ diffusion path and the truncated {100} and {110} surfaces promote Li+ diffusion can increase the discharge capacity and rate capability. Accordingly, the as-obtained LMO-0.5 sample achieves remarkable discharge specific capacity (135.8 mA h/g at 0.1 C), excellent rate capability (91.2 mA h/g even at 20 C) and prominent cycle stability (a capacity retention of 91.7 % after 2000 cycles at 20 C), which will be an ideal cathode material for developing long-lifespan lithium-ion batteries.

Controllable preparation and photocatalytic performance of hollow hierarchical porous TiO2/Ag composite microspheres

Mesoporous titania-based composites have attracted much attention in the world due to their large specific surface area, high material transport efficiency, and photocatalytic efficiency. The hollow and hierarchical porous structure is rarely involved in a binary photocatalytic material. In the present work, a novel type of hollow hierarchical porous TiO2/Ag composite microsphere with tunable microstructure was successfully prepared by simple solution methods, including sol-gel method, template method and impregnation method. Hollow hierarchical porous TiO2 microspheres were prepared by a sol-gel process with P123 as a hierarchical pore structure guide agent and template method with polystyrene microspheres as a hollow hard template. Further, hollow hierarchical porous TiO2/Ag composite microspheres were obtained by modifying Ag in the hollow hierarchical porous TiO2 microspheres by the impregnation method. The different hollow hierarchical porous TiO2/Ag composite microspheres are obtained by changing the molar ratio R of Ti/Ag. The optimal addition amount of Ti and Ag in sample HHPA6 (10:0.5) is the molar ratio of 10:0.5, and the experimental value of XPS is the molar ratio of 10:0. 91. Compared with the hollow hierarchical porous TiO2 microspheres, the excitation wavelength of composite microspheres is shifted to the visible light direction by 24 nm, and their response range and their light utilization rate were improved. When the molar ratio R of Ti/Ag is 10:0.5, hollow hierarchical porous TiO2/Ag composite microspheres have a specific surface area of 177 m2/g, the pore volume of 0.37 cm3/g, and the primary and secondary pore size of 4.04 nm and 7.74 nm, respectively. It shows the highest photocatalytic activity in the ultraviolet band of 365 nm and 395 nm, and the degradation rate of methyl orange solution is 96.84% and 98.65%, respectively. Their excellent photocatalytic performance is attributed to their special structure combining hierarchical pores and hollow structures as well as the synergistic effect of Ag and TiO2.

Tailored fabrication of quasi-isoporous and double layered α-Fe2O3 thin films and their application in photovoltaic devices

A series of α-Fe2O3 thin films with distinct morphologies are prepared via a facile polystyrene-block-polyethylene oxide templated sol–gel method. By tailoring the poor solvent contents and FeCl3-to-polymer weight ratio in the sol–gel solutions, quasi-isoporous α-Fe2O3 thin films with different substructures and thicknesses are obtained. Via a thermal annealing post-treatment, double layered structures are induced by a synergistic dewetting and Oswald ripening effect. Special focus is set on the α-Fe2O3 thin films prepared with no annealing/annealing-medium FeCl3 concentration, as they possess uniform periodic structures, which is suitable to be used as hole blocking modification layer of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). An improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) is obtained when the double layered α-Fe2O3 thin film is applied as the hole blocking modification layer for PSCs. The improved PCE primarily originates from the increased VOC, which probably benefits from the synergistic effect of the suppressed charge carrier recombination at the interfaces, the enhanced light transmittance as well as the superior electron extraction capacity.

Benzil alkol oksidasyonu için heterojen katalizör olarak altın nanoparçacık immobilize edilmiş gözenekli manganez oksit mikroküreler

A heterogenous catalyst in the form of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) immobilized porous manganese oxide (Mn5O8) microspheres was synthesized. The sol-gel templating method was used for the synthesis of Mn5O8 microspheres. The heterogenous catalyst showed good performance when compared with similar catalysts in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol. The heterogenous catalyst (Au@Mn5O8) obtained by the immobilization of Au NPs on Mn5O8 microspheres performed 99.4% of benzyl alcohol conversion and 100 % of benzaldehyde formation yield. Also the heterogenous catalyst showed a good stability and agglomeration resistance in the reusabilty experiments. Au@Mn5O8 microspheres could be reused up to 5 times without remarkable loss in the catalytic activity.

Construction of 3D sponge-like hierarchical pore Ag10Si4O13 microblock photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activities

Designing efficient visible light photocatalysts is targeted to improve the solar utilization to ameliorate environmental problems. Ag10Si4O13 has great application potential due to a narrow band gap and the existence of internal electric field（spontaneous polarization electric field inside the crystal）. Here, a novel and convenient synthetic strategy based on sol-gel method and template method was proposed to fabricate 3D sponge-like hierarchical pore Ag10Si4O13 (HPA) microblock with enhanced photocatalytic activities. The group multiple coordination is conducive to further improve the dispersion of Ag10Si4O13 precursor around polystyrene (PS) microsphere. Weak sintering between nano-Ag10Si4O13 particles ensured the formation of sponge skeleton structure. Compared with Ag10Si4O13, HPA showed enhanced separation efficiency of electron hole pairs due to the carbon doping. And the uniform and well-developed pore structures further improved the photocatalytic performance. As a result, HPA (P-5) exhibited a degradation efficiency of 98.98% at 30 min under visible light, and an excellent cycle performance were obtained. The proposed strategy provides an important reference for the preparation of easily recoverable microblock photocatalyst.

Effect of Conditions of Sol-Gel Synthesis and Post-Synthetic Treatment on Photoelectrochemical and Electro-Catalytic Properties of Titanium Oxide Nanostructures and Tio2-Au Nanocomposites

Carbon-doped mesoporous TiO2 nanostructures and TiO2-Au nanocomposites with stabilized Au nanoparticles have been synthesized by the sol-gel template method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and photoelectrochemical current spectroscopy. The synthesis hydrothermal treatment conditions affected the particle size, electronic structure, morphology, phase, and chemical compositions, as well as the texture of the synthesized materials. The TiO2 and TiO2-Au based electrodes were light-sensitive in a wavelength range of 250–412 nm and were distinguished by a high catalytic activity during oxygen electroreduction. The presence of -ol and carboxylate groups in the amorphous phase is the main factor affecting the photosensitivity of TiO2 nanostructures to visible light and an increase in their photoactivity during the decomposition of methylene blue upon irradiation with ultraviolet and visible light relative to pure anatase. The higher photosensitivity and photoactivity of TiO2-Au nanocomposites compared with those of the corresponding starting TiO2 is due to the synergistic effect of Au nanoparticles and interstitial Ti-O-C groups, which depends on the Au nanoparticle content of the composite and on the mesopore size.

A novel high-entropy (Sm0.2Eu0.2Tb0.2Dy0.2Lu0.2)2Zr2O7 ceramic aerogel with ultralow thermal conductivity

Here, we report a novel high-entropy rare earth zirconate (HE-REZ) (Sm0.2Eu0.2Tb0.2Dy0.2Lu0.2)2Zr2O7 ceramic aerogel prepared through a sol-gel template method and high-temperature calcination followed by 3-D-structure reconstruction. The structural evolution and crystallisation behaviour of the prepared aerogel were characterised through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that the as-prepared HE-REZ ceramic aerogels had a typical nanoporous structure. The HE-REZ ceramic aerogels thermally treated at 900 °C presented an ultralow room temperature thermal conductivity of 0.031 W/(m·K), high specific surface areas of 443.26 m2/g and a relatively high strength of 12.95 MPa. The effects of different calcination temperatures on the microstructure of the samples were also investigated. Therefore, the excellent insulation performance of these unique HE-REZ ceramic aerogels indicate that they can be used as high-temperature insulators for hypersonic vehicles in the future.

Functionalization of Synthesized Nanoporous Silica and Its Application in Malachite Green Removal from Contaminated Water

Introduction: Nanoporous silica has received growing interest for its unique application potential in pollutant removal. Therefore, the development of a simple technique is required to synthesize and functionalize the nanoporous materials for industrial application. Materials and Methods: The synthesis of nanoporous silica was investigated by the template sol-gel method, and it functionalized as an adsorbent for adsorption of malachite green. The morphology and structure of the prepared and functionalized nanoporous silica were studied using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique. Subsequently, the effective parameters such as solution pH, contact time, and initial concentration on the adsorption process were optimized by adsorption tests. Results: The results showed that high-order nanoporous silica had been produced with an average diameter of 20.12 nm and average pore volume of 1.04 cm3.g−1. It was found that the optimum parameters of pH, initial concentration and contact time for malachite green adsorption on nanoporous silica were 6.5, 10 mg.l-1, and 60 min, respectively. The experimental data confirmed the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.995) and the obtained kinetic data followed the pseudo-first-order equation. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated by Langmuir isotherm was found to be 116.3 mg.g-1. Conclusion: The high adsorption capacity showed that the acid-functionalized nanoporous silica adsorbent can be used as an adequate adsorbent to remove malachite green from aquatic environments. The large surface area can be suggested that the silica nanoporous will have potential application prospects as the adsorbent.

Synthetic nanostructured wollastonite: Composition, structure and “in vitro” biocompatibility investigation

This article describes an original sol-gel (template) method for the synthesis of a dispersed form of nanostructured wollastonite (CaSiO3), its gold nanoparticles (40–60 nm) functionalized form CaSiO3/Au-NPs, and its composite in the composition with 20 mass% of hydroxyapatite CaSiO3/HAp and synthetic hydroxyapatite, that are widely used in medicine for the reconstruction and regeneration of bone defects. The method provides the formation of porous silica carcass in samples with an average pore size of 100–160 nm due to the application of polymer siloxane-acrylate as a pore-forming template. The authors studied the processes of template destruction and phase formation in the composition of samples using TGA/DTA/DSC (thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis/differential scanning calorimetry), and XRD (X-ray diffraction analysis). The methods of SEM (scanning electron microscopy), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, and mercury porosimetry were used to identify the morphology and study the structural characteristics (Sspec and Vpor, pore size distribution) for dispersed nanostructured samples based on wollastonite and hydroxyapatite. An “in vitro” model was used to study the functional activity (metabolism and cytokine production) of innate immune cells (neutrophils and macrophages) in contact with the obtained samples and to evaluate the viability of cells, the activity of ATPase activity, the number of cationic proteins, and apoptosis of cells. The study is novel for these systems and contributes to the existing knowledge on the biocompatibility for “in vivo” model, which provides a complex evaluation of the quality of wollastonite biomaterials used as grafts.

Fabrication of hollow microhemisphere-like polypyrrole and carbon dielectric materials by sol–gel template method for enhanced microwave absorption

Hollow-microstructured dielectric materials offer immense potential for next-generation lightweight high-performance microwave absorbers with strong reflection loss and wide absorption frequency bandwidth. Herein, we demonstrate the successful synthesis of hollow polypyrrole microhemispheres (HPMs) and hollow carbon microhemispheres (HCMs) via a facile sol–gel method with SiO2 microspheres as the templates. Compared to some of polypyrrole and carbon absorbers reported previously, HPMs and HCMs exhibit excellent microwave absorption performances. Particularly, HCMs possess stronger conductive loss and better characteristic impedance matching than HPMs, displaying superior microwave absorption properties. Combining with disordered and aggregated nanoparticles as control samples, their electromagnetic analysis further reveals that the improved dielectric loss, optimized impedance matching, and multiple reflection/scattering derived from hollow hemispherical microstructures primarily account for the enhanced microwave absorption performance of these hollow microhemisphere-like products. It is believed that this work provides a new idea for preparing high-performance dielectric microwave absorbers by construction of their hollow microstructure.

Highly effective and selective adsorption of thorium(Ⅳ) from aqueous solution using mesoporous graphite carbon nitride prepared by sol–gel template method

Selective separation of thorium resources from aqueous solutions is an ideal strategy for recovering or removing radioactive ions, as well as reducing potential human health and environmental risks. In this study, an effective adsorbent, mesoporous graphite carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4), was synthesized by a simple thermal condensation using a sacrificial LUDOX HS-40 colloidal silica as template and applied to the selective adsorption of thorium ions from the multi-ion solutions. The results of competitive experiments illustrated that mpg-C3N4/r exhibited higher selectivity and efficiency for Th(IV) over other 14 co-existing cations, with the maximum selective adsorption capacities of Th(IV) reaching to 108.18 mg g−1 for mpg-C3N4/r=1.0 which is more than g-C3N4 (36.64 mg g−1) at pH 4.0. The interaction of Th(IV) with mpg-C3N4/r=1.0 and g-C3N4 were performed using batch processing, the adsorption isotherm was well conformed to the Langmuir adsorption model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of thorium at pH 4.0 and 298 K was calculated to be 196.08 mg g−1 which is more than three times of g-C3N4 (60.60 mg g−1). Also, the results of adsorption experiments on monazite leachate showed that mpg-C3N4/r=1.0 can be successfully used as an attractive adsorbent with the high adsorption efficiency (93.53%) of thorium. This work could broaden insights into the tailored design and synthesis of mesoporous adsorbents for the selective adsorption of thorium in multi-ion solutions.

New age monolithic design-based visible light responsive and reusable photocatalyst material using iron oxide-modified mesoporous titania framework

In this work, we report a facile route for the synthesis of worm-like mesoporous $$\hbox {Fe}_{2}\hbox {O}_{3}$$-doped $$\hbox {TiO}_{2}$$ monolithic composites through a direct template sol–gel method, for the photocatalytic degradation of textile dye (acid blue 113) pollutants. The monolith surface morphology and structural properties have been characterized using p-XRD, HR-SEM–EDAX, HR-TEM–SAED, TGA, UV–Vis–DRS, PLS, FTIR, XPS and BET analyses. The stoichiometric doping of $$\hbox {Fe}_{2}\hbox {O}_{3}$$ unleashes visible light photocatalytic activity through a red shift in the light absorption character of $$\hbox {TiO}_{2}$$, thereby narrowing the energy band gap, and an eventual increase in $$\hbox {e}^{-}/\hbox {h}^{+}$$ separation centres. The monolithic photocatalyst exhibits better properties in terms of surface area, pore volume and diameter. The physico-chemical parameters, such as solution pH, dopant stoichiometry, catalyst quantity, dye concentration, photo-sensitizers and light intensity have been optimized to enhance the photocatalysis efficiency. The photocatalyst exhibits complete dye mineralization within 0.5 h, and also reusable for five continuous cycles.

Magnetic Properties of Magnetite Nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) Coated with Mesoporous Silica by Surfactant Templated Sol-Gel Method

Here, we present the magnetic properties of silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles. We have coated 7 nm of Fe3O4 with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for phase transformation from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Core-shell structure of silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles have been obtained using surfactant templated sol-gel method. The obtained silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and superconducting quantum interference device (SQuID). The hysteresis loops of the coated particles were measured using SQuID and the results showed a superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of the coated particles indicate the presence of non-magnetic surface layers resulting from the strong chemical attachment of the silica to the Fe3O4’s surface, also observed by FTIR spectroscopy.  Â

Mesoporous magnetic nanocomposites: a promising adsorbent for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions

Water pollution by synthetic organic dyes is mainly regarded as environmental and ecological issues worldwide and requires feasible solutions in face of the short-term risk to human health and stability of eco-systems. Therefore, in this paper, the magnetic mesoporous composites (MMC) were synthesized by surfactant template sol–gel method, using cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as mesoporous structure generator and investigated for anionic and cationic dyes removal from aqueous solutions. The magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were obtained by reverse co-precipitation, followed by mesoporous silica coating through modified sol–gel method. The obtained materials were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, small-angle X-ray scattering and magnetization measurements. The influence of CTAB amount on the morpho-textural and structural properties of nanocomposites was studied. XRD and Mossbauer spectroscopy showed that the obtained nanocomposites were composed of pure maghemite nanoparticles, and TEM images revealed particles size around 10 nm, embedded in silica matrix. The combination of magnetic properties and high surface area values, up to 695 m2/g, made suitable the obtained nanocomposites to be used as adsorbents. The dye removal efficiency was higher than 90% after the first adsorption and remained above 65% after four adsorption–desorption cycles, indicating that the as-prepared magnetic mesoporous nanocomposites can be considered excellent adsorbent materials for the removal of both anionic and cationic dyes from wastewaters, and the recycling performance revealed the stability of MMC.

Nanostructured composite materials based on titanium dioxide doped by Mn: template zol-gel synthesis, structure, properties

Nanostructured composites based on TiO2 doped with Mn were obtained by sol-gel template method. The morphology and structure of the composites were studied by x-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrical conductivity and magnetic properties are investigated. It is shown that the doping of TiO2 samples with manganese improves conductivity by two orders of magnitude in comparison with a non-doped sample. Changing the annealing conditions of the nanostructured composite increases the conductive properties four times. It is established that the studied samples have ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature, and the saturation magnetization value and the slope angle of the curve M(H) depend on the annealing conditions, the presence of a magnetic transition in the region of 45 K corresponding to the transition Mn3O4 to the ferrimagnetic state is determined.

Synthesis of eco-friendly porous g-C3N4/SiO2/SnO2 composite with excellent visible-light responsive photocatalysis

Forming eco-friendly heterojunction photocatalysts is excellent method to accelerate the separation rate of photogenerated charge carriers, which is attracting more and more attention. In this study, a novel and stable disordered porous g-C3N4/SiO2/SnO2 (DOP-CSiSn) heterojunction composites was fabricated by a sol-gel hard template method, and the optimal g-C3N4 doped ratio was adjusted in DOP-CSiSn. The DOP-CSiSn photocatalyst had the much larger specific surface area and disordered porous structure, which exhibited strong photocatalytic effect to degrade Rhodamine B (RhB), Methylene blue (MB) and Methyl orange (MO) under visible light. When the g-C3N4 doping content was 30 wt%, the highest photocatalytic activities were obtained, and the degradation rate of MB and MO were 99.73% and 95.58% after 50 min, respectively. Degradation rate of RhB was 95.10% after 90 min. Photocatalytic degradation rate of organic pollutants were still more than 90% after six time consecutive cycles, the composite had wonderful stability and potential value in environmental purification.

Magnetic-porous microspheres with synergistic catalytic activity of small-sized gold nanoparticles and titania matrix

Fe3O4 nanoparticles immobilized on porous titania in micron-size range were decorated with small-sized gold nanoparticles and used as a plasmonic catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Monodisperse-porous magnetic titania microspheres were synthesized with bimodal pore-size distribution by the sol-gel templating method. Small-sized gold nanoparticles obtained by the Martin method were attached onto the aminated form of the magnetic titania microspheres. A significant enhancement in the catalytic activity was observed using the gold nanoparticle-decorated magnetic titania microspheres compared to gold nanoparticle-decorated magnetic silica microspheres because of the synergistic effect between small-sized gold nanoparticles and titania. The synergistic effect for gold nanoparticle-attached magnetic titania microspheres could be explained by surface plasmon resonance-induced transfer of hot electrons from gold nanoparticles to the conduction band of titania. Using the proposed catalyst, 4-nitrophenol could be converted to 4-aminophenol in an aqueous solution within 0.5 min. The 4-nitrophenol reduction rates were 2.5–79.3 times higher than those obtained with similar plasmonic catalysts. The selection of micron-size, magnetic, and porous titania microspheres as a support material for the immobilization of small-sized gold nanoparticles provided a recoverable plasmonic catalyst with high reduction ability.

Comparison study on molybdena-titania supported on TUD-1 and TUD-C synthesized via sol-gel templating method: Properties and catalytic performance in olefins epoxidation

A direct comparison between nanostructured Technische Universiteit Delft-1 (TUD-1) and Technische Universiteit Delft-Crystalline (TUD-C) as catalyst supports for molybdenum doped titania catalysts was carried out. The characterizations results showed that TUD-1 is a mesoporous amorphous silicate material with high surface area and porosity. Meanwhile, TUD-C is an ordered mesoporous crystalline aluminosilicate matters featured high acidity. In fact, TUD-C was obtained from the modification of TUD-1 with the addition of aluminium isopropoxide as the zeolite precursor. The catalytic testing demonstrated TUD-1 supported 1 mol% molybdena doped titania was inactive for epoxidation of 1,2-epoxyoctane and showed moderate activity (18%–21% conversion yield) and selectivity (approximately 70%) in epoxidation reaction of 1,2-epoxycyclohexane (0.51 mmol) and styrene oxide (1.25 mmol). Meanwhile, TUD-C supported 1 mol% molybdena doped titania achieved remarkably higher conversion yield for 1,2-epoxyoctane (2.7 mmol), 1,2-epoxycyclohexane (4.8 mmol) and styrene oxide (6.2 mmol) respectively with 100% selectivity towards all 3 analytes under ambient condition with constant stirring. The results strongly indicated that high Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites existed within the TUD-C framework is the key factor for the exceptional oxidative capabilities for molybdena-titania catalysts.