Template Polymerization Of Aniline Research Articles

Laccase-Mediator Systems as a Tool for the Development of Antistatic/Anticorrosion Protective Coatings Based on Conducting Polyaniline

Template polymerization of aniline was performed using a laccase-mediator system. The high redox-potential laccase from the basidiomycete fungus Trametes hirsuta was a catalyst for polymerization. The aniline dimer served as the redox mediator; atmospheric oxygen served as the oxidant. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate micelles were used as a “soft” template. The biocatalytic polymerization of aniline resulted in conducting polyaniline/sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate complex that was tested as a protective coating. The efficiency of the inhibition of copper corrosion by the complex was 86–87%, and the dissipation rate of positive and negative charges from cotton fabrics increased by 56 and 27 times, respectively.

Synthesis of Conductive Nanocomposites by Template Polymerization of Aniline in the Presence of Modified Polyvinyl alcohol and Cu Nanoparticles

In the present work, synthesis of polyaniline/Cu nanoparticle conductive nanocomposites is reported. For this purpose, firstly poly(2-hydroxyehtyl methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride) was synthesized via free radical polymerization and it was subjected to hydrolysis. Cu nanoparticles were then prepared from copper acetate hydrate in the presence of the synthesized polymer stabilizer. Besides, polyvinyl alcohol was modified via reacting with succinic anhydride. Then the oxidative polymerization of aniline was conducted in aqueous solution of the synthesized polyacid as template and Cu nanoparticles to give the final nanocomposites. All samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the electrical conductivity of the samples was measured and compared with that of pure polyaniline by four-point probe technique.

Template polymerization of aniline in presence of poly(acrylamide-co-maleic acid) for preparation of conductive polymers

In the present work new conductive nanostructures based on poly (acrylamide-co-maleic acid) (PAAMA) and polyaniline were prepared. The template polymerization of aniline was conducted in the aqueous solution of PAAMA with different ratios (w/w%) of aniline to polyacid. The prepared composite was characterized by FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM, electrical conductivity measurements and solubility tests.

Soluble and highly ionically conducting interpolyelectrolyte complexes prepared via chemical template polymerization of aniline in the presence of perfluorinated polysulfonic acid

Proton conductivity of the PANI–MF-4SC composites vs. [ANI]:[MF-4SC] ratio. Template polymerization of aniline in the presence of MF-4SC is carried out in water/2-propanol and results in the formation of the complexes with high proton conductivity.

Chemical polymerization of aniline in the presence of mixtures of polymeric sulfonic acids

The template polymerization of aniline in the presence of polymeric sulfonic acids of various structures and their mixtures is studied. In the latter case, the dominant effect of a polyacid on the kinetics of aniline polymerization and the electronic structure of the resulting polyaniline complex is observed. As shown by viscometry measurements and IR studies, the intermolecular interaction between polyacids in their mixtures that leads to a change in the conformation of a flexible-chain polyacid is responsible for the dominant effect of a rigid-chain polyacid. The spectral and electrical properties of polyaniline-based interpolymer complexes are examined.

Synthesis of conducting polyaniline—polyanion interpolymer complexes and study of their composition and properties

The polymerization of aniline in the presence of poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) and poly(2-acryla-mido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) results in interpolyelectrolyte complexes with a composition and a dispersion stability depending on the aniline-to-polyanion ratio in the initial reaction mixture. As opposed to polymerization mediated by poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid), the template polymerization of aniline conducted in the presence of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) leads to the structural template effect that manifests itself as the formation of polyaniline containing 1,2- and 1,4-substituted benzene rings. It is found that the electron conductivity of the polyaniline-polyanion interpolyelectrolyte complexes depends not only on the content but also on the nature of the used polyacid and proves to be higher in the case of stoichiometric interpolyelectrolyte complexes formed in the presence of poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid).

Preparation and Characteristics of Conducting Polymer-Coated MWCNTs as Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials

The conducting polymer-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by template polymerization of aniline and pyrrole on the surface of MWCNTs in order to develop the novel electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. The conducting polymer phases formed on the surface of MWCNTs were confirmed by field emission-scanning electron microscopy and field emission-transmission electron microscopy. Both permittivity and permeability were significantly improved for the conducting polymer-coated MWCNTs due to the intrinsic electrical properties of MWCNTs and the conducting properties of coated polymers. The electromagnetic waves were effectively absorbed based on the permittivity nature of conducting polymer and MWCNTs preventing the secondary interference from reflecting the electromagnetic waves. The highly improved EMI shielding efficiency was also obtained for the conducting polymer-coated MWCNTs showing the synergistic effects by combining MWCNTs and the conducting polymers.

A comparative study of water dispersible polyaniline nanocomposites prepared by laccase‐catalyzed and chemical methods

AbstractA comparative study of chemical and enzymatic methods of aniline polymerization was carried out. Fungal laccase from Trametes hirsuta was used in the synthesis of polyaniline nanoparticles made with poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS). Template polymerization of aniline was carried out in aqueous buffer. It was shown that the laccase had high long‐term and operating stabilities under acidic condition favorable for synthesis of conducting polyaniline. UV‐vis, FTIR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry analysis are used for the characterization of the polyelectrolyte complexes of polyaniline and PAMPS. The incorporation of the polymeric acid in polyaniline has been demonstrated by atomic force microscopy. The size and morphology of the nanoparticles of the polyaniline–PAMPS complexes depended on the method of the synthesis. A comparison of some physical and chemical properties of water dispersible conducting polyaniline–PAMPS was performed under production by enzymatic and chemical methods. It was found a difference in structures and some physicochemical properties of polyaniline colloids prepared by chemical and laccase‐catalyzed methods. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010

Synthesis of Conducting Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Polyaniline and Poly(2-acrylamido-3-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) Catalyzed by pH-Stable Palm Tree Peroxidase

Comparison of the stability of five plant peroxidases (horseradish, royal palm tree leaf, soybean, and cationic and anionic peanut peroxidases) was carried out under acidic conditions favorable for synthesis of polyelectrolyte complexes of polyaniline (PANI). It demonstrates that palm tree peroxidase has the highest stability. Using this peroxidase as a catalyst, the enzymatic synthesis of polyelectrolyte complexes of PANI and poly(2-acrylamido-3-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) was developed. The template polymerization of aniline was carried out in aqueous buffer at pH 2.8. Varying the concentrations of aniline, PAMPS, and hydrogen peroxide as reagents, favorable conditions for production of PANI were determined. UV-vis-NIR absorption and EPR demonstrated that PAMPS and PANI formed the electroactive complex similar to PANI doped traditionally using low molecular weight sulfonic acids. The effect of pH on conformational variability of the complex was evaluated by UV-vis spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy showed that a size of the particles of the PANI-PAMPS complexes varied between 10 and 25 nm, depending on a concentration of PAMPS in the complex. The dc conductivity of the complexes depends also on the content of PAMPS, the higher conductivity being for the complexes containing the lower content of the polymeric template.

Synthesis of polyelectrolyte complexes of polyaniline and sulfonated polystyrene by palm tree peroxidase

Enzymatic synthesis of polyelectrolyte complex of polyaniline (PANI) and sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) was developed. Royal palm tree peroxidase, which is active and stable under acidic conditions, was used as a biocatalyst. The template polymerization of aniline was carried out in aqueous buffer at pH 3.5. Varying concentrations of aniline, SPS and hydrogen peroxide in feed the favorable conditions for the production of PANI were determined. Contrary to chemical polymerization of aniline, the role of enzymatic reaction is to control kinetically and proceed under environmental friendly (“green”) conditions. The production of the electroactive form of PANI–SPS complex was confirmed by Vis spectroscopy and EPR.