Template Concept Research Articles

Template assisted lithium superoxide growth for lithium-oxygen batteries.

Developing batteries with energy densities comparable to internal combustion technology is essential for a worldwide transition to electrified transportation. Li-O2 batteries are seen as the 'holy grail' of battery technologies since they have the highest theoretical energy density of all battery technologies. Current lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries suffer from large charge overpotentials related to the electronic resistivity of the insulating lithium peroxide (Li2O2) discharge product. One potential solution is the formation and stabilization of a lithium superoxide (LiO2) discharge intermediate that exhibits good electronic conductivity. However, LiO2 is reported to be unstable at ambient temperature despite its favorable formation energy at -1.0 eV per atom. In this paper - based on our recent work on the development of cathode materials for aprotic lithium oxygen batteries including two intermetallic compounds, LiIr3 and LiIr, that are found to form good template interfaces with LiO2 - a simple goodness of fit R factor to gauge how well a template surface structure can support LiO2 growth, is developed. The R factor is a quantitative measurement to calculate the geometric difference in the unit cells of specific Miller Index 2D planes of the template surface and LiO2. Using this as a guide, the R factors for LiIr3, LiIr, and La2NiO4+δ, are found to be good. This guide is attested by simple extension to other noble metal intermetallics with electrochemical cycling data including LiRh3, LiRh, and Li2Pd. Finally, the template concept is extended to main group elements and the R factors for LiO2 (111) and Li2Ca suggest that Li2Ca is a possible candidate for the template assisted LiO2 growth strategy.

Patient Identification and Healthcare System

Abstract: Personal Health Records Identification is a system that allows an individual to store his/her health related information with doctor. The Personal Health Records Identification can control his/her data stored on the system using the fingerprint. This work aims to propose a privacy-preserved identification scheme to be used in the Personal Health Records Identification system during an emergency situation especially when the victim is unconscious. The fingerprint- based scheme under a Protected Biometric Template concept is applied to identify the victim without compromising the privacy of the victim. The usability and security discussions in the proposed scheme is practical under the current existing communication technology

Microservice based scalable IoT architecture for device interoperability

The Internet of Things (IoT) revolutionizes the technology landscape by enabling a wide spectrum of services and applications, characterized by a large number of devices, communication protocols, and data formats. Seamless integration among various IoT-enabled technologies is the most challenging task as the technical standards are disjoint. This often results in monolithic structures with very poor scalability. Further, data heterogeneity in IoT networks increases the measure of multidimensionality, which poses a critical challenge of sharing data with other business applications. Therefore, IoT-based solution requires an architectural framework supported by a large number of independent and specialized microservices towards providing sufficient scalability and interoperability. In this manuscript, a layered architectural framework is proposed where a novel device template concept is introduced to enable flexible and interoperable integration of microservices with IoT devices. The proposed model is formally validated using Event-B in the Rodin platform with the help of proof obligations. Again, a service aggregation algorithm is proposed to reduce the latency and increase the reuse of microservices. Further, the proposed architectural framework is implemented and compared with other similar frameworks. The experimental result shows that the proposed architectural framework enables enhanced interoperability, scalability, and reusability of IoT devices and microservices.

Beyond Cognitive Templates: Re-Examining Template Metaphors Used for Animal Recognition and Navigation.

The term "cognitive template" originated from work in human-based cognitive science to describe a literal, stored, neural representation used in recognition tasks. As the study of cognition has expanded to nonhuman animals, the term has diffused to describe a wider range of animal cognitive tools and strategies that guide action through the recognition of and discrimination between external states. One potential reason for this nonstandardized meaning and variable employment is that researchers interested in the broad range of animal recognition tasks enjoy the simplicity of the cognitive template concept and have allowed it to become shorthand for many dissimilar or unknown neural processes without deep scrutiny of how this metaphor might comport with underlying neurophysiology. We review the functional evidence for cognitive templates in fields such as perception, navigation, communication, and learning, highlighting any neural correlates identified by these studies. We find that the concept of cognitive templates has facilitated valuable exploration at the interface between animal behavior and cognition, but the quest for a literal template has failed to attain mechanistic support at the level of neurophysiology. This may be the result of a misled search for a single physical locus for the "template" itself. We argue that recognition and discrimination processes are best treated as emergent and, as such, may not be physically localized within single structures of the brain. Rather, current evidence suggests that such tasks are accomplished through synergies between multiple distributed processes in animal nervous systems. We thus advocate for researchers to move toward a more ecological, process-oriented conception, especially when discussing the neural underpinnings of recognition-based cognitive tasks.

Complete Digital Workflow for Mandibular Full-Arch Implant Rehabilitation in 3 Appointments.

The aim of this clinical report is to describe a complete digital workflow protocol for mandibular full-arch implant rehabilitation from guided surgery to definitive prosthesis in only 3 appointments. This expedited protocol allows for guided implant placement with a system of stackable surgical templates and CAD/CAM prosthodontic rehabilitation using a digital workflow. At the first appointment, a guided implant placement protocol with the stackable template concept was done followed by immediate loading with a prefabricated interim prosthesis. At the same appointment, the Double Digital Scanning (DDS) technique was used for scanning, maxillomandibular relationship registration and virtual articulation. The anchor pins from guided surgery were used as fiducial markers for DDS data superimposition. At the second appointment, the prosthesis prototype was tried-in and adjustments were made. At the third appointment, the definitive monolithic zirconia full-arch prosthesis was delivered.

Integrating semantic features in fruit recognition based on perceptual color and semantic template

Many fruit recognition works have applied statistical approaches to make an exact correlation between low-level visual feature information and high-level semantic concepts given by predefined text caption or keywords. Two common fruit recognition models include bag-of-features (BoF) and convolutional neural network (ConvNet), which achieve high-performance results. In most cases, the overfitting problem is unavoidable. This problem makes it difficult to generalize new instances with only a slightly different appearance, although belonging to the same category. This article proposes a new fruit recognition model by associating an object's low-level features in an image with a high-level concept. We define a perceptual color for each fruit species to construct a relationship between fruit color and semantic color name. Furthermore, we develop our model by integrating the perceptual color and semantic template concept to solve the overfitting problem. The semantic template concept as a mapping between the high-level concept and the low-level visual feature is adopted in this model. The experiment was conducted on three different fruit image datasets, with one dataset as train data and the two others as test data. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model, called perceptual color on semantic template (PCoST), is significantly better than the BoF and ConvNet models in reducing the overfitting problem.

A new template concept to guide the local search: case of maximal constraint satisfaction problems

within constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), our work proposes a new search heuristic. The latter is basically inspired by the template concept introduced by E.P.K. TSANG. It consists of a new template concept and could be classified as a min-conflict heuristic. In this paper we introduce a new guided local search that uses our heuristic in local search (LS) for Maximal constraint satisfaction problems (Max-CSPs). Compared to previous well known guided local search, our approach changes experimental results for the better.

A Distributed Honeybee optimization algorithm for the graph-K-partitioning problem

within constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), in this paper we introduce a honeybee algorithm that uses new template concept for image segmentation. Our approach uses the guided local search and the graph theory to achieve an improved image segmentation. Compared to previous well known heuristics, our approach is giving better experimental results.

Post-modified FAU zeolites as efficient catalysts for the synthesis of coumarins

Herein, the effect of various treatments subjected to FAU zeolites to introduce mesoporosity has been examined on their efficiency as catalyst in the cyclisation of O-aryl 3-arylpropynoic acid ester to its corresponding coumarin.The addition of bio-sourced lignin residues in the alkaline desilication treatment induced the generation of supplementary mesoporosity, thus offering an optimal micro- and mesopores combination with respect to targeted activity and selectivity.The so-called bio-sourced secondary template (BSST) concept in the design of zeolite-based catalysts could be assessed. The use of renewable wood feedstocks can therefore be a valuable strategy for the zeolite post-modification, thus for the design of porous zeolite catalysts.

A new template concept guided honey bee optimization for Max-CSPs

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) are globally used to perform real life problems. They are dealt with many optimization complete and incomplete approaches. In this context nature inspired methods are very successful. In our work and within this context, we introduce a new guided honey bee optimization algorithm for Maximal constraint satisfaction problems (Max-CSPs). The guidance consists of a new template concept and could be classified as a min-conflict heuristic. Our new template concept overcomes the former template concept guidance problems. It makes it possible to apply a fair min conflict heuristic. Compared to previous well-known honeybee algorithms for Max-CSPs, our approach is clearly better in term of CPU time and in term of solution quality.

Stream flow alone does not predict population structure of diving beetles across complex tropical landscapes.

Recent theoretical advances have hypothesized a central role of habitat persistence on population genetic structure and resulting biodiversity patterns of freshwater organisms. Here, we address the hypothesis that lotic species, or lineages adapted to comparably geologically stable running water habitats (streams and their marginal habitats), have high levels of endemicity and phylogeographic structure due to the persistent nature of their habitat. We use a nextRAD DNA sequencing approach to investigate the population structure and phylogeography of a putatively widespread New Guinean species of diving beetle, Philaccolilus ameliae (Dytiscidae). We find that P.ameliae is a complex of morphologically cryptic, but geographically and genetically well-differentiated clades. The pattern of population connectivity is consistent with theoretical predictions associated with stable lotic habitats. However, in two clades, we find a more complex pattern of low population differentiation, revealing dispersal across rugged mountains and watersheds of New Guinea up to 430km apart. These results, while surprising, were also consistent with the original formulation of the habitat template concept by Southwood, involving lineage-idiosyncratic evolution in response to abiotic factors. In our system, low population differentiation might reflect a young species in a phase of range expansion utilizing vast available habitat. We suggest that predictions of life history variation resulting from the dichotomy between lotic and lentic organisms require more attention to habitat characterization and microhabitat choice. Our results also underpin the necessity to study fine-scale processes but at a larger geographical scale, as compared to solely documenting macroecological patterns, to understand ecological drivers of regional biodiversity. Comprehensive sampling especially of tropical lineages in complex and threatened environments such as New Guinea remains a critical challenge.

Phylogeography and population genomics of a lotic water beetle across a complex tropical landscape.

The habitat template concept applied to a freshwater system indicates that lotic species, or those which occupy permanent habitats along stream courses, are less dispersive than lentic species, or those that occur in more ephemeral aquatic habitats. Thus, populations of lotic species will be more structured than those of lentic species. Stream courses include both flowing water and small, stagnant microhabitats that can provide refuge when streams are low. Many species occur in these microhabitats but remain poorly studied. Here, we present population genetic data for one such species, the tropical diving beetle Exocelina manokwariensis (Dytiscidae), sampled from six localities along a ~300km transect across the Birds Head Peninsula of New Guinea. Molecular data from both mitochondrial (CO1 sequences) and nuclear (ddRAD loci) regions document fine-scale population structure across populations that are ~45km apart. Our results are concordant with previous phylogenetic and macroecological studies that applied the habitat template concept to aquatic systems. This study also illustrates that these diverse but mostly overlooked microhabitats are promising study systems in freshwater ecology and evolutionary biology. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, fine-scale population genomic studies are feasible for small nonmodel organisms to help illuminate the effect of habitat stability on species' natural history, population structure and geographic distribution.

Template-based re-optimization of rolling stock rotations

Rolling stock, i.e., the set of railway vehicles, is among the most expensive and limited assets of a railway company and must be used efficiently. We consider in this paper the re-optimization problem to recover from unforeseen disruptions. We propose a template concept that allows to recover cost minimal rolling stock rotations from reference rotations under a large variety of operational requirements. To this end, connection templates as well as rotation templates are introduced and their application within a rolling stock rotation planning model is discussed. We present an implementation within the rolling stock rotation optimization framework rotor and computational results for scenarios provided by DB Fernverkehr AG, one of the leading railway operators in Europe.

Real-time container storage location assignment at a seaport container transshipment terminal: dispersion levels, yard templates, and sensitivity analyses

We present the results of four experiments that link a seaport container terminal’s overall productivity to the system that automatically selects storage locations for export containers in real time as they enter the terminal. Experiment 1 introduces the concept of a container dispersion level and tests the performance of several dispersion levels at various terminals. Experiment 2 considers the math-programming-based yard template concept that has received much attention in recent years. By evaluating yard templates under simulated operating conditions, we provide a link between yard templates and overall terminal productivity that has been absent from previous studies. Experiments 3 and 4 examine how the vessel berthing policy and yard truck traveling speed affect the performance of the storage systems considered in Experiments 1–2. The experiments provide insight into options for real-time decision making at container terminals that is rare in that (1) performance is measured in overall terms and (2) detailed measures of performance for all entities—berths, vessels, groundslots, quay cranes, yard cranes, yard trucks, and containers—involved in every container’s complete lifetime at the terminal are provided.

An Object Template Approach to Manipulation for Humanoid Avatar Robots for Rescue Tasks

Nowadays, the first steps towards the use of remote mobile robots to perform rescue tasks in disaster environments have been made possible. However, these environments still present several challenges for robots, which open new possibilities for research and development. For example, fully autonomous robots are not yet suitable for such tasks with high degree of uncertainty, and pure teloperated robots require high expertise and high mental workload, as well as fast communication to be reliable. In this paper, we discuss a middle ground approach to manipulation, that leverages the strengths and abilities of a human supervisor and a semi-autonomous robot while at the same tackling their weaknesses. This approach is based on the object template concept, which provides an interaction method to rapidly communicate to a remote robot the physical and abstract information for manipulation of the objects of interest. This approach goes beyond current grasp-centered approaches by focusing on the affordance information of the objects and providing flexibility to solve manipulation tasks in versatile ways. Experimental evaluation of the approach is performed using two highly advanced humanoid robots.

The Generalized Consistent Vehicle Routing Problem

The consistent vehicle routing problem (ConVRP) takes customer satisfaction into account by assigning one driver to a customer and by bounding the variation in the arrival times over a given planning horizon. These requirements may be too restrictive in some applications. In the generalized ConVRP (GenConVRP), each customer is visited by a limited number of drivers and the variation in the arrival times is penalized in the objective function. The vehicle departure times may be adjusted to obtain stable arrival times. Additionally, customers are associated with AM/PM time windows. In contrast to previous work on the ConVRP, we do not use the template concept to generate routing plans. Our approach is based on a flexible large neighborhood search that is applied to the entire solution. Several destroy and repair heuristics have been designed to remove customers from the routes and to reinsert them at better positions. Arrival time consistency is improved by a simple 2-opt operator that reverses parts of particular routes. A computational study is performed on ConVRP benchmark instances and on new instances generated for the generalized problem. The proposed algorithm performs well on different variants of the ConVRP. It outperforms template-based approaches in terms of travel cost and time consistency. For the GenConVRP, we experiment with different input parameters and examine the trade-off between travel cost and customer satisfaction. Remarkable cost savings can be obtained by allowing more than one driver per customer.

Computer-aided modelling template: Concept and application

Modelling is an important enabling technology in modern chemical engineering applications. A template-based approach is presented in this work to facilitate the construction and documentation of the models and enable their maintenance for reuse in a wider application range. Based on a model decomposition technique which identifies generic steps and workflow involved, the computer-aided template concept has been developed. This concept is implemented as a software tool, which provides a user-friendly interface for following the workflow steps and guidance through the steps providing additional information and comments on model construction, storage and future use/reuse. The application of the tool is highlighted with a multi-scale modelling case study involving a catalytic membrane fixed bed reactor and a two-phase system for oxidation of unsaturated acid with hydrogen peroxide. Both case studies reflect different aspects of template creation and use with respect to model development.

Guided Genetic Algorithm: A New Template Concept

Abstract Guided genetic algorithm and dynamic distributed double guided genetic algorithm are based on nature laws and by the Neo-Darwinism theory. These evolutionary approaches were very successful addressing Maximal Constraint Satisfaction Problems (Max-CSPs). Our work is inspired by a little mistake when dealing with in these two algorithms guidance. In fact these approaches are guided by the min-conflict heuristic and the template concept. The used template is distorted. So, we introduce a new template concept in order to allow a better guidance. We suggest considering the percentages of violated constraints in place of their number. This concept is, then, applied to guide the genetic algorithms. In this paper, we compare the latter guided genetic algorithm with our new template guided genetic algorithm. The experimentations show that our new template guidance improves the optimization process to find best solutions in better time.

Plant trait analysis delivers an extensive list of potential green roof species for Mediterranean France

Green roofs are increasingly popular in urban areas of NW Europe and North America. However, greening roofs still needs incentives particularly in countries with a Mediterranean climate. Although green roof benefits such as cooling capacity and storm water retention would be even more pronounced in this challenging climate with hot and dry summers, vegetation stress on extensive green roofs will be enhanced, causing low performance if the same species as in the temperate regions of NW Europe and North America are used. In order to support further development and application of green roofs in the Mediterranean climate, new insights on suitable native species is an essential step. Using the habitat template concept, specifically taking into account drought adaptation and self-regulation, we developed a screening procedure using both functional plant traits and utilitarian aspects. Plant traits of two species lists (one resulting from an extensive vegetation study and another one covering the successful plant species of extensive green roofs in NW Europe) were analyzed. The results were incorporated into a hierarchical multi-criteria screening tool. This tool can encourage further experimental trials and inspire and guide the green roof industry toward the most appropriate species for extensive green roof design. As an example, the key was illustrated on a subset of plant species from Mediterranean southern France, which identified 34 newly potential green roof species. Interestingly, 35% of these species were annuals, a promising life form that has until now rarely been considered for extensive green roofs.

Study on Rapid Variable-Type Design Method of Gantry Crane Based on Templates

To solve the problem such as large amounts of repeated designs and long design cycle in the traditional design process of crane, the principles of variable-type design were illustrated detailed on the background of holographic model, a series of key variable-type design technologies were introduced based on template concept, including parameter link technology of module interface, assembly sketch technology, coding techniques of assembly configuration, parametric finite element analysis technology etc. These methods have been applied to the design case of gantry crane, it proves that these methods can enhance the system reusability, improve the design efficiency of products and make the design results more perfect, and has achieved desired outcome.