Template Carbonization Method Research Articles

Carbon-decorated diatomite stabilized lauric acid-stearic acid as composite phase change materials for photo-to-thermal conversion and storage

Diatomite is a promising supporting matrix in the preparation of composite phase change material for latent thermal energy storage. Raw diatomite has the advantages of porous space but with a shortage of thermal conductivity than carbon materials. In this work, the carbon-decorated diatomite (DC) matrix was synthesized by a novel template-carbonization method at different calcination temperatures of 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C. Then, the matrix was used to stabilize binary lauric-stearic acid of LA-SA for the preparation of diatomite-based composite phase change material which is used to explore the application of composite in photo-to-thermal conversion/storage. Results show that the carbon-decorated process on diatomite causes an increment of specific surface area and pore space. Thus, more phase change material being loaded in the matrix leads to a larger heat storage capacity of the composite. The designed composite with a matrix carbonization temperature of 1000 °C, LA-SA/DC-1000, has a loadage of 49.92 %, melting temperature of 31.48 °C, and latent heat of 70.07 J g-1 which is improved by 23 %. Compared with the raw diatomite-based composite, the enhancements of thermal conductivity were 90 % for that of LA-SA/DC-1000. Moreover, the corresponding composite exhibits better photo-to-thermal conversion performance and transient temperature response.

Nano‐Calcium Carbonate with Core–Shell Structure was Prepared by Dopamine Chelation Using Pluronic F‐127 as Template

AbstractHerein, a new template carbonization method is used to prepare calcite‐type nano‐calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with a core–shell structure using calcium hydroxide as a solute and Pluronic F‐127 as a templating and pore‐forming agent. Dopamine hydrochloride is added to control the size of calcium hydroxide particles. The morphology, particle size, and crystal type of CaCO3 are characterized via transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, nanoparticle size, and zeta potentiometer. The creation of core–shell calcium carbonate nanoparticles is examined in relation to reaction circumstances (i.e., additive sequence, additive amount, and additive mixing time), carbonization temperature, liquid flow rate, and templates with varying chain lengths. Furthermore, a discussion is held regarding the formation mechanism of spherical core–shell calcium carbonate that is created using the innovative template carbonization method. The results show that the order, amount, liquid flow rate, and template type of additives have a significant effect on the crystal shape of calcium carbonate nanoparticles. The mixing time of additives has a significant effect on the particle size of calcium carbonate nanoparticles. Interestingly, the thickness of the shell depends on the carbonization temperature, and too slow or too fast flow rate will lead to the formation of cyclic calcium carbonate nanoparticles.

Carbon template synthesis of CeO2 catalyst for direct conversion of methanol and carbon dioxide to dimethyl carbonate

Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an interesting, value added chemical and a high energy additive to fuels. In this study, several CeO2 catalysts were successfully synthesized through carbon template method using two renewable sources of activated carbon. The structure of catalysts was fully resolved by XRD, SEM, N2-adsorption, NH3-TPD, CO2-TPD and XPS. CeO2 catalysts prepared using coconut shell activated carbon (CAC) template exhibit better surface morphology and improved catalytic performance compared to walnut shell activated carbon (WAC)-supported catalysts. We demonstrated a correlation between the efficiency of DMC synthesis and the abundance of moderately acidic and moderately basic active sites on the catalyst. It was found that the presence of oxygen vacancies (Vo) facilitates carbonyl bond cleavage of CO2. The best-performing catalyst was 4% CeO2/CAC owing to the richest Vo and the optimum acid/base properties. Moreover, a plausible catalytic mechanism of DMC formation was proposed, and includes the interaction between methoxy carbonate (CH3OCO2−) formed with the aid of Vo and moderately basic sites and methyl cation (CH3+) formed on the moderately acidic sites.

Methanation of CO2 over High Surface Nickel/Aluminates Compounds Prepared by a Self-Generated Carbon Template

Catalytic gas-phase hydrogenation of CO2 into CH4 was tested under three different nickel/aluminate catalysts obtained from precursors of hexaaluminate composition (MAl16O19, M = Mg, Ca, Ba). These catalysts were prepared using a carbon template method, where carbon is self-generated from a sol-gel that contains an excess of citric acid and the Al and M salts (Ba2+, Ca2+, Mg2+) by two-step calcination in an inert/oxidizing atmosphere. This procedure yielded Ni particles decorating the surface of a porous high surface area matrix, which presents a typical XRD pattern of aluminate structure. Ni particles are obtained with a homogeneous distribution over the surface and an average diameter of ca 25–30 nm. Obtained materials exhibit a high conversion of CO2 below 500 °C, yielding CH4 as a final product with selectivity >95%. The observed trend with the alkaline earth cation follows the order NiBaAlO-PRx > NiCaAlO-PRx > NiMgAlO-PRx. We propose that the high performance of the NiBaAlO sample is derived from both an appropriate distribution of Ni particle size and the presence of BaCO3, acting as a CO2 buffer in the process.

Energy harvesting and temperature sensing thermoelectric devices based on the carbon template method

AbstractA series of self‐supporting carbon nanomaterial films with different morphologies were employed as conductive templates for n‐junction after polyethyleneimine (PEI) doping by taking advantages of the entanglement between carbon nanotubes. With the assistance of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)‐treated poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films as p‐junction, flexible and light‐weight thermoelectric generators (TEGs) were assembled. The effect of the morphology of the carbon nanomaterial, including multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), whisker carbon nanotube (WSCNT), and graphene on the electrical conductivity, mechanical properties and morphology of n‐junction was investigated, on basis of which thermoelectric properties of TEG were evaluated. The properties of the three carbon‐based self‐supporting films show significant differences. The MWCNT/PEI film exhibits a tensile strength of up to 36.23 ± 0.57 MPa due to the high entanglement network density of MWCNT. The entanglement of WSCNT/MWCNT/PEI provides an ideal conductive template for PEI to prepare n‐junction material. TEGs with PEDOT:PSS‐DMSO and WSCNT/MWCNT/PEI as p‐ and n‐junctions show high power generation performance and cyclability. The output power density is up to 4.6 nW/cm2 at ΔT = 42.0 K, matched to a suitable load. With its fast response and slow recovery, this TEG is expected to be used for human health monitoring and energy storage.

Efficient and stable removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions by hollow microspheres of MgO/ZrO2 composite oxide

Excessive phosphorus is regarded as one of the main causes of eutrophication, destroying the balance of the original ecosystem of water bodies and endangering human health. In this study, a novel MgO/ZrO2 composite oxide with a hollow structure (MgZr-CS) was prepared by a simple carbon template method, and served as an adsorbent for the efficient uptake of phosphate from aqueous solutions. For comparison, MgO/ZrO2 bimetal oxide (MgZr) was also prepared by the conventional co-precipitation method. The effects of pH and coexisting anions on the adsorption of phosphate were studied. The adsorption performance of materials was described by the adsorption kinetic model and isothermal model. The adsorption capability of both MgZr-CS and MgZr was negligibly affected by coexisting ions (e.g., Cl−, NO3−, HCO3− and SO42−) in water. The adsorption kinetic of both MgZr-CS and MgZr was better correlated with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while the adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir model. However, the Langmuir maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of MgZr-CS was 149.3 mg/g at initial pH of 7, which was about twice that of MgZr. Remarkably, different from MgZr that only presented well phosphate adsorption performance under the acidic environment, MgZr-CS could maintain the excellent adsorption performance within a particularly wide pH range of 3–11. Compared to adsorbents reported in previous papers, MgZr-CS also exhibited larger adsorption capacity and higher pH stability. Moreover, MgZr-CS performed prominent in the treatment of actual domestic sewage, and its phosphate removal rate could reach 99.3%. The adsorption mechanism analysis revealed that the excellent phosphate performance of MgZr-CS was mainly due to the existence of oxygen vacancies providing more active adsorption sites. Results shown here indicated that MgZr-CS can be used as a potential adsorbent for phosphate.

The Impact of Sintering Atmosphere and Temperature on the Phase Evolution of High Surface Area LSCF Prepared by In Situ Carbon Templating

The thermochemical stability of lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF) processed between 1000 °C–1200 °C via the in situ carbon templating method was studied. This method generates high surface area ceramics at traditional solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) sintering temperatures by generating a carbon template in situ and subsequently removing the template by oxidation at 700 °C. Argon processed samples produced an amorphous carbon template, whereas nitrogen tended to form graphitic carbon. Prior to the oxidation step, nitrogen samples comprised larger La2O3 crystallites (22–40 nm) compared to argon (9–17 nm). Upon oxidation, argon samples resulted in a pure LSCF phase with surface areas in the 21–29 m2·g−1 range, whereas nitrogen samples contained significant impurities. This demonstrates that the size of La2O3 crystallites formed during inert processing limited the ability to produce a pure LSCF phase. Symmetrical cells comprising nano-LSCF electrodes generated by the templating method were compared to cells sintered directly in air. Impedance results suggest that nano-LSCF cells and cells processed in air were dominated by interfacial charge transfer resistance and gas diffusion, respectively. The results map out conditions for preparing and integrating high surface area, nanostructured LSCF into SOFC electrodes at traditional sintering temperatures. Strategies for improving the interfacial resistance of nano-LSCF electrodes are discussed.

Covalent grafting of p-phenylenediamine molecules onto a “bubble-like” carbon surface for high performance asymmetric supercapacitors

A simple but efficient template carbonization method was prepared to covalently graft p-phenylenediamine molecule onto hollow “bubble-like” carbon spheres (PPD–BC) surface as the negative electrode for high performance asymmetric supercapacitors.

Uniquely structured quaternary metal oxide polyhedra as efficient anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Yolk–shell materials have been synthesized by various techniques including the sacrificial carbon template method and spray process, in which the carbon template was formed as an intermediate product. Here, uniquely structured quaternary transition metal oxide (TMO) polyhedra are synthesized by applying a zinc-doped carbon (Zn–C) template derived from a metal-organic framework (ZIF-8). Infiltration of Co, Ni, and Fe salts into the Zn–C template followed by oxidation produces quaternary TMO polyhedra with yolk–shell structures. Yolk–shell (Co0.5Ni0.5)Fe2O4–ZnO (denoted as YS-qTMOs) polyhedra with and without carbon-coating layer exhibit excellent cycling performances over 300 cycles. The 300th discharge capacity of the carbon-coated YS-qTMOs (denoted as YS-qTMOs/C) at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 is as high as 774 mA h g−1, while their reversible discharge capacity at a high current density of 8 A g−1 is 463 mA h g−1. The thin carbon coating layer improves the capacitive contribution of the YS-qTMOs/C electrode. The high capacitive contribution implies rapid lithium-ion transport kinetics, affording the excellent rate performance of the YS-qTMOs/C electrode. The synergetic effect of the unique structure with the void volume, quaternary composition, and thin carbon coating layer affords high lithium-ion storage performances of YS-qTMOs/C.

Popcorn-like niobium oxide with cloned hierarchical architecture as advanced anode for solid-state lithium ion batteries

The advancement of high-power solid-state lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is closely in connection with the breakthrough of electrode materials. In this work, for the first time, we report a popcorn-like niobium oxide with cloned hierarchical architecture via sacrificial puffed rice carbon (PRC) template and solvothermal method. The popcorn-like Nb2O5 (PL-Nb2O5) shows a tertiary hierarchical macrocellular structure with cross-linked 2D secondary Nb2O5 nanoflakes, which are composed of primary self-assembled Nb2O5 nanocrystals. Impressively, this exquisite hierarchical architecture offers continuous fast transport paths for ion/electron and improves the specific surface area & porosity, resulting in accelerated reaction kinetics and good compatibility with gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). Accordingly, the popcorn-like Nb2O5 electrode is endowed with superior lithium ion storage performance in gel polymer electrolyte with good high-rate capacities (126 mA h g-1 at 5C and 103 mA h g-1 at 10C) and stable long-term cycling performance (75 mA h g-1 after 1000 cycles at 5C). Our findings propose a new bioinspired template way for construction of cloned metal oxides architectures for solid-state energy storage systems.

Controlling synthesis of nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous graphene-like carbon with coral flower structure for high-performance supercapacitors

In this work, nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous graphene-like carbon (NCFC) with coral flower structure is synthesized by an eco-friendly and inexpensive template carbonization method, with cellulose acetate (CA) as carbon precursor, MgO as template, and urea as nitrogen agent. The as-synthesized NCFC features loose coral flower composed of ultra-thin graphene-like sheets and has a high specific surface area of 937 m2 g−1. As the electrode material for supercapacitors, the NCFC shows a high capacitance of 333 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 1 mol L−1 H2SO4 electrolyte and a good rate performance (the specific capacitance at 10 A g−1 retains 84% relative to 1 A g−1), and excellent cycle stability with 100% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles. The symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) was assembled by using NCFC in 1 mol L−1 H2SO4 electrolyte. The device exhibits the maximum energy density of 21 W h kg−1 at a power density of 750 W kg−1 in a potential window of 0 to 1.4 V. Our work is expected to pave a new way for scale-up production of high-performance graphene-like carbon from natural cellulose with a simple, eco-friendly, and low-cost method.

Porous LaFeO3 Prepared by an in Situ Carbon Templating Method for Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions.

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation is an attractive route for the synthesis of biomass-derived chemicals. However, development of efficient, low-cost, and stable catalysts for that reaction is still a challenge. Here, we report on the preparation and testing of a non-noble perovskite oxide (LaFeO3) catalyst synthesized by an in situ carbon templating method. We show that our catalyst is quite active and selective toward the hydrogenation of unsaturated organics. Compared to an analogous LaFeO3 catalyst prepared by a more traditional method, using citric acid, the new LaFeO3 exhibited a more porous structure, a La-enriched surface composition, and abundant oxygen vacancies, all characteristics that improve contact with the reactants. In the case of the conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol (FOL) using iso-propanol as hydrogen donor, the new LaFeO3 showed a furfural conversion of 90% and a selectivity to FOL of 94%, significantly higher than with the reference LaFeO3 prepared by the traditional sol-gel method (60 and 91%, respectively). Moreover, our new LaFeO3 catalyst can be recovered after a calcination treatment, with no appreciable changes in its structure or activity, a test that we repeated six times, and can promote the hydrogenation of other carbonyl compounds containing electron-withdrawing groups. A reaction mechanism is proposed in which metal cations are the adsorption sites for iso-propanol and oxygen vacancies are the adsorption sites for furfural, and where the conversion proceeds following an acid-base mechanism. We believe that the novel use of perovskites as catalysts for hydrogenation reactions reported here may be easily extendable to other processes, and that our carbon-templating synthetic approach offers a way to synthesize viable perovskite catalysts with high surface areas for optimized activity.

Nitrogen and Fluorine Dual-Doped Carbon Nanosheets for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Doping carbon materials with heteroatoms such as N, F is an effective approach to elevating the capacitive performance of supercapacitors. In this paper, nitrogen and fluorine dual-doped two-dimensional (2D) porous carbon nanosheets (PCNSs) have been fabricated by a straightforward template carbonization method, using trisodium citrate as carbon source and self-template, and ammonium fluoride as N/F dopants. The N/F-doped carbon samples are well characterized by a series of techniques and measured in a three-electrode system and two-electrode system, respectively. As a result, N/F-doped carbon has delivered large capacitance of 110[Formula: see text]F[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] at 1[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] and high-energy density of 3.82[Formula: see text]W h kg[Formula: see text] at the power density of 0.5[Formula: see text]kW[Formula: see text]kg[Formula: see text]. It is also revealed that semi-ionic C–F bonds in PCNSs have enhanced electrical conductivity, hence, facilitating electron transport in the electrode. For comparison, ammonium chloride is used as sole dopant for producing N-doped carbon materials, whose capacitive performances are much lower than the N/F-codoped one, indicating the synergistic effect of N/F for capacitive improvement.

Effect of preparation method on physicochemical properties and catalytic performances of LaCoO3 perovskite for CO oxidation

Perovskite oxides LaCoO3 prepared by templating, co-precipitation and sol-gel method with different complexants were systematically characterized and its catalytic performances for CO oxidation were investigated. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, N2 physisorption, transmission electron microscopy, temperature program reduction of hydrogen, temperature program desorption of oxygen and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement, results of which show that the properties of LaCoO3, such as surface morphology, surface area, surface compositions, redox capability, oxygen vacancy, as well as the calcination temperature and formation mechanism, depend intimately on the preparation method. Catalytic tests indicate that the sample prepared by carbon templating method shows the best activity for CO oxidation, with full CO conversion obtained at 135 °C. In particular, the catalyst can be activated and significant increase of activity can be obtained with the increase of reaction time. The cyclic and long-term stability of catalysts were discussed and compared.

Processing Nano-YSZ in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: The Effect of Sintering Atmosphere on Thermochemical Stability

The thermochemical stability of nanoscale yttria-stabilized-zirconia (nYSZ), processed via in situ carbon templating, was studied between 850°C–1350°C in four sintering atmospheres: Ar, N2, H2, and humidified H2. The in situ carbon templating method generates nanoscale ceramic particles surrounded by an amorphous carbon template upon sintering. The carbon template is subsequently removed by low temperature oxidation, leaving behind nanoscale ceramic particles. In Ar and H2, a ZrC impurity formed at temperatures ≥1150°C. In humidified H2, either a ZrC impurity formed or the carbon template oxidized. In N2, ZrC was not observed over the temperature range studied and the carbon template was preserved. After carbon template removal, the nYSZ surface areas were high for Ar, H2, and N2: 55–99 m2·g−1. For humidified H2, nYSZ surface area decreased as the carbon template was lost. Finally, nYSZ, processed in N2 at 850°C and 1250°C, was integrated into symmetric YSZ-Lanthanum Strontium Ferrite (YSZ-LSF) cathode cells. The addition of nYSZ decreased cathode non-ohmic resistance, at 550°C in air, by 40% and 27% for nYSZ processed at 850°C and 1250°C, respectively. This work demonstrates that N2 is a thermochemically stable atmosphere for in situ carbon templating and that the resulting nYSZ considerably improves electrode performance.

Dual‐Functional Templated Methodology for the Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous Carbon for Supercapacitor

AbstractDual‐functional templated methodology was developed for synthesis of hierarchical porous carbons via direct thermal decomposition of agricultural wastes, in which dairy manure acted as low cost carbon precursor and eggshell as both hard template and activating agent source of CO2. The dual‐functional template can be easily removed by diluted HCl instead of corrosive HF. Carbonization temperature and dosage of eggshell have great influence on the porous texture of the carbon materials. Optimized temperature of 800 oC and mass ratio of eggshell/dairy manure (2:1) facilitate the releasing of CO2 from eggshell thus benefitting the formation of hierarchical porous carbon. The porous carbon has maximum surface area of 543.6 m2/g and total pore volume of 0.48 cm3/g of which micropores account for 40%. As the electrode of supercapacitor, the obtained hierarchical porous carbons showed a relative high specific capacitance of 226.6 F/g in KOH aqueous electrolyte (6 mol/L). Besides, it exhibited outstanding cycling stability with almost 100% of specific capacitance retention after 2500 GCD cycles. The one‐step template carbonization method provides a facile and sustainable route to prepare hierarchical porous carbons from the agricultural wastes.

Two-Dimensional Carbon Nanosheets for High-Performance Supercapacitors: Large-Scale Synthesis and Codoping with Nitrogen and Phosphorus

Two-dimensional carbon nanosheets codoped with N and P species have been successfully synthesized by a template carbonization method coupled with nitrogenization and phosphorylation processes using trisodium citrate dihydrate, melamine, and NH4H2PO4 as C, N, and P sources, respectively. Dopants of N and P species play crucial roles in the determination of carbon porosities and electrochemical performance; notably, increasing the P content can lead to a decrease in the BET surface area together with a corresponding decrease in the electrochemical performance. For instance, regulating the mass ratio between the C source and the N and P sources to 2:1 results in the maximum BET surface area of 1340 m2 g–1, whereas a ratio of 1:2 results in a decreased value of only 47 m2 g–1. Moreover, the mass ratio of 1:1 results in superior electrochemical behaviors, with a maximum energy density that can reach up to 13.3 Wh kg–1. The present synthesis method provides an alternative route for producing N- and P-containing...

Template Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanosheets for High-Performance Supercapacitors Improved by Redox Additives

In this work, nitrogen-doped sheetlike carbon materials have been synthesized by a template carbonization method using 1,5-diphenylcarbazide and MgCl2·6H2O as carbon source and template, respectively. The method presents a carbon sample with amorphous characteristics as well as high surface area and large pore volume. More importantly, introducing the redox additives 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (THBA) with functional hydroxyl groups into 1 mol L–1 H2SO4 has largely improved the capacitances as well as the energy density. As expected, the supercapacitor with the redox additive HBA exhibits higher capacitances, with an increase of 1.57 times compared with the conventional H2SO4 electrolyte. Besides, compared with the supercapacitor without any redox additive, the redox additive DHBA produces a large improvement of capacitances, increasing by 3.18 times. In addition, the redox reactions of HBA and DHBA are reversible, while that of THBA is i...

Highly Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Obtained Using Nicotinic Acid by a Template Carbonization Approach for Supercapacitors

Nitrogen-enriched porous carbon materials have been successfully synthesized via a template carbonization method, in which nicotinic acid acts as carbon/nitrogen sources, and Ca(OAc)[Formula: see text]H2O as a template. It reveals that the mass ratio of Ca(OAc)[Formula: see text]H2O-to-nicotinic acid and the carbonization temperature dominate the morphology of carbon materials as well as capacitive performances. The sample obtained with the ratio of Ca(OAc)[Formula: see text]H2O-to-nicotinic acid as 1.5 at 800[Formula: see text]C, namely the C-1.5-800 sample, displays the optimum capacitive behavior. It is amorphous with low-graphitization degree, possessing hierarchical porous structure, high nitrogen content (14.5%), large specific surface area (788[Formula: see text]m2 g[Formula: see text]) and high total pore volume (3.56[Formula: see text]cm3 g[Formula: see text]). As a result, the as-made C-1.5-800 electrode exhibits a maximum specific capacitance of 216[Formula: see text]F g[Formula: see text] at a current density of 1[Formula: see text]A g[Formula: see text] in 6[Formula: see text]M KOH aqueous solution. It also displays a maximum energy density of 45.9[Formula: see text]Wh kg[Formula: see text] at 2050[Formula: see text]W kg[Formula: see text] and a maximum power density of 20100[Formula: see text]W kg[Formula: see text] at 19.2[Formula: see text]Wh kg[Formula: see text] at operation temperature of 50[Formula: see text]C in [EMIm]BF4/AN organic electrolyte. More importantly, the C-1.5-800 electrode exhibits an excellent cycling stability within 5000 cycles at 5[Formula: see text]A g[Formula: see text]. This work may enrich and broaden the field of porous carbon and its potential application for supercapacitors under high temperature.

Integration of Redox Additive in H2SO4 Solution and the Adjustment of Potential Windows for Improving the Capacitive Performances of Supercapacitors

Nanoporous carbon material with large specific surface area (2208 m2 g–1) and high pore volume (4.15 cm3 g–1) has been synthesized by the template carbonization method, using a glucose–zinc nitrate complex as the precursor. Moreover, adding redox-mediated ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS) to an H2SO4 electrolyte and regulating the potential windows in a two-electrode system can result in an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 1499 F g–1 at 10 A g–1 and a high energy density of 58.70 Wh kg–1, which are higher than those of the pristine one without any FAS. These remarkable improvements are attributed to Faradaic pseudocapacitances by the reversible Faradaic reactions of FAS as well as the edge active carbons showing excellent electrosorption toward Fe2+/3+, NH4+, and H+. Furthermore, regulating the potential windows also exerts crucial roles in the capacitive performances. It is revealed that the potential of the −0.5–0.5 V window can lead to optimum capacitance and energy efficiency.