Temperature Sensor Module Research Articles

Energy management optimization of a gravitational energy harvester powering wireless sensor nodes for freight trains monitoring

Energy harvesting is a promising solution for the realization of self-powered wireless sensor nodes (WSNs), minimizing battery waste and environmental impact. The harvesting devices studied in this paper are gravitational vibration-based energy harvesters (GVEHs), converting the ultra-low-frequency ambient vibrations of structures or vehicles into electric power. The main efficiency losses are related to the AC/DC rectification and battery storage processes. Experimental tests confirm the optimized layout of negative voltage converter (NVC) using MOSFETs and a schottky diode with a 1000 μF smoothing capacitor, achieving power rectification efficiency of 65%. The rectified and smoothed power is stored in a Li-Ion 3.6 V 40 mAh coin cell and supplied to the load, consisting of a 3.3 V micro-controller unit, temperature sensor and sub-GHz wireless communication module. A nano power boost charger with buck converter manages power between the battery and the load. Experimental battery charge tests are performed for charging power evaluation at different external excitation amplitudes and frequencies. WSN average power consumption is analyzed with master–slave communication tests at different signal strengths and relative distances between the nodes. Finally, a duty cycle between active and sleep phase is defined to guarantee continuous activity of the WSN and net positive charge to the battery.

Integrated Amorphous Carbon Film Temperature Sensor with Silicon Accelerometer into MEMS Sensor.

Amorphous carbon (a-C) has promising potential for temperature sensing due to its outstanding properties. In this work, an a-C thin film temperature sensor integrated with the MEMS silicon accelerometer was proposed, and a-C film was deposited on the fixed frame of the accelerometer chip. The a-C film was deposited by DC magnetron sputtering and linear ion beam, respectively. The nanostructures of two types of films were observed by SEM and TEM. The cluster size of sp2 was analyzed by Raman, and the content of sp2 and sp3 of the carbon film was analyzed by XPS. It showed that the DC-sputtered amorphous carbon film, which had a higher sp2 content, had better temperature-sensitive properties. Then, an integrated sensor chip was designed, and the structure of the accelerometer was simulated and optimized to determine the final sizes. The temperature sensor module had a sensitivity of 1.62 mV/°C at the input voltage of 5 V with a linearity of 0.9958 in the temperature range of 20~150 °C. The sensitivity of the sensor is slightly higher than that of traditional metal film temperature sensors. The accelerometer module had a sensitivity of 1.4 mV/g/5 V, a nonlinearity of 0.38%, a repeatability of 1.56%, a total thermomechanical noise of 509 μg over the range of 1 to 20 Hz, and an average thermomechanical noise density of 116 µg/√Hz, which is smaller than the input acceleration amplitude for testing sensitivity. Under different temperatures, the performance of the accelerometer was tested. This research provided significant insights into the convenient procedure to develop a high-performance, economical temperature-accelerometer-integrated MEMS sensor.

An intelligent Health Monitoring System for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease based on Internet of Things

Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an important cause of global mortality. These patients are in dire need of treatments to maintain lung function and reduce consecutive visits and hospital stays. IoT acts as a specialized assistant in healthcare, providing a wide range of potential applications such as remote monitoring. Therefore, this study has been compiled with the aim of designing a care system based on the Internet of Things for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this project, we designed a system for monitoring chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients using an Arduino board and embedding three air quality sensors, heart rate and pulse oximetry, temperature sensor and Bluetooth module, and then implemented it on a patient with obstructive pulmonary disease. . The information obtained from the sensors is sent via Bluetooth to the mobile application that has the ability to share and store information and informs the doctor and the person about the changes. By using the pulse oximetry sensor, the patient increases the monitoring and part of his pulmonary rehabilitation, and by using the temperature and air quality sensor, he identifies the undesirable and harmful air and by informing the doctor and the person, he prevents the exacerbation of the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This system increases the rehabilitation and self-care of patients, and by providing suitable environmental conditions, prevents unnecessary medical interventions and consecutive visits, and increases the quality of life of patients and reduces costs.

Real-time monitoring float system applied to offshore engineering

This paper describes a long-range, real-time monitoring and positioning float system based on STM32, which is used to monitor the position information of the equipment in marine engineering. The system adopts a solar power supply to replenish power for the system. It combines the charging control circuit and battery protection module to build a power management module to dynamically adjust the power supply strategy and the system load to realize the long-term operation of the system. Through the LoRa module, the information collected by the pressure sensor, temperature sensor, and GPS positioning module is transmitted to the remote console to realize real-time data collection, sending, and ringing. Finally, the system was tested. The experimental results show that the real-time monitoring float system solves the problem of difficult positioning of equipment and other equipment in marine engineering after falling into the sea. It reduces the difficulty of searching for marine equipment and provides more effective information for marine search and rescue.

Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Safety and Security System for Vehicles Based on GSM Communication and IoT Network for Real-Time Tracking

In recent years, the surge in car theft cases, often linked to illicit activities, has become a growing concern. Simultaneously, countries grappling with oil shortages have shifted towards converting vehicles to run on liquid propane gas, presenting new safety challenges for car owners. This paper introduces a novel integrated intelligent system designed to address the challenges of car theft and safety concerns associated with gas-based vehicles. By seamlessly integrating these concerns into a single system, it aims to achieve significantly improved performance compared to traditional alarm systems. The proposed system consists of three primary parts: the car security subsystem, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based real-time car tracking subsystem, and the car safety subsystem. Utilizing key technologies such as the Arduino Microcontroller, Bluetooth module, vibration sensor, keypad, solenoid lock, GSM module, NodeMCU microcontroller, GPS module, MQ-4 gas sensor, flame sensor, temperature sensor, and Bluetooth module, the system aims to provide a comprehensive solution for the mentioned issues. Furthermore, the vibration sensor plays a crucial role in identifying unauthorized vehicle operations. Its significance lies in detecting the vibrations emanating from the running engine. Concurrently, other modules and sensors are utilized for real-time tracking and enhancing vehicle safety. These measures include safeguarding against incidents like fire outbreaks or gas leaks within the gas container. Finally, after assembling the system, a practical test was conducted, yielding favourable performance results. This paper describes a meaningful step towards improving the protection and safety for the cars, simultaneously addressing the stealing prevention and gas-related accident alleviation.

Flexible Piezoresistive Pressure and Temperature Sensor Module for Continuous Monitoring of Cardiac Health

Flexible and disposable sensors are highly coveted for their light and thin nature, robustness, pliability, and cost advantage in the manufacturing process. They are widely used for affordable health monitoring. This work presents a PEDOT: PSS+GO temperature sensor and porous PDMS+PEDOT:PSS pressure sensor assisted health band for continuous monitoring of cardiac health. A novel single-module sensor has been developed that can detect heart rate with a high sensitivity of 2.67 kPa <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> (low to medium pressure range 0-5 kPa) and a temperature range of ~25-45 °C with average sensitivity 0.0022 °C <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . Further, the flexible and disposable sensors used demonstrated a longevity which is considerably high for a disposable sensor set-up. The sensors have been tested in rest and active conditions and promising results are obtained. The setup has been integrated with a smartphone application to wirelessly transmit the data obtained over a Bluetooth connection. The device has an accuracy of 95.81% for temperature and 96.03% for pressure sensing, which is comparable to conventional sensors of the same nature. The sensing patch requires considerably less power (5 nW) than the current optical-based measurement devices and is capable of detecting minute physiological signal fluctuations, making it a potential option for low-power, real-time, and home-based cardiac health monitoring.

Water Quality Monitoring Data Transmission Network Design

With the continuous advancement of electronic technology and the introduction of new concepts, people's demands on life are increasing and the concept of intelligent automation is gaining popularity. With the continuous consumption of the source of life, people's concern about fresh water resources is also increasing. With the theme of intelligent detection, a water quality online monitoring system that integrates detection and monitoring is designed. The system can monitor temperature, humidity, water level and turbidity in real time, and can transmit monitoring values through wireless module. Users can use mobile applications to view the data detected at this time, which is very convenient. The system hardware design includes STM32 system processor circuit, temperature and humidity sensor module, water level monitoring module, WIFI module, and turbidity monitoring module design.

Development and experimental verification of an IoT sensing system for drive-by bridge health monitoring

Vehicles equipped with various types of sensors have the great potentials to effectively evaluate the health conditions of a population of bridges at a low cost. However, existing drive-by structural health monitoring (SHM) methods acquire vehicle vibration responses offline and export them to a computer for postprocessing. Furthermore, the vehicle trajectory information on the bridge is important for scaling up the drive-by SHM for in situ applications, which is not synchronously measured by existing systems. Therefore, a single-board computer-based IoT sensing system for continuous and real-time drive-by bridge health monitoring is developed in this study. The developed IoT sensing system integrates a triaxial microelectromechanical system (MEMS) accelerometer, temperature sensor, GPS and 4G module on Raspberry Pi 4 Model B. The sensor node can be mounted on a moving vehicle to collect the triaxial acceleration responses, temperature and GPS information. A graphical user interface (GUI) is developed based on the Python Tkinter package to remotely control the sensor node and visualise the collected data in real time. The fast Fourier transform of the measured acceleration responses is performed on the sensor node inboard processor. The raw data are sent to both the cloud server and remote terminal computer through a 4G module. The goal is to provide a low-cost, accurate and scalable sensing system for easy implementation of drive-by bridge health monitoring. The system architecture and workflow of the developed IoT sensing system are presented in detail. A series of experimental tests are conducted to validate the accuracy of the measured acceleration responses and feasibility of using the developed IoT sensing system for drive-by SHM applications.

Advanced Solar-Powered Fire Detection System: A Wireless Sensor Node Approach to Early Warning and Forest Fire Prevention

This article presents the design and implementation of a solar fire detection system using a Wireless Sensor Node (WSN). The system incorporates a temperature sensor, Bluetooth module, and intelligent battery charging management to provide real-time monitoring and early detection of forest fires, while also ensuring energy conservation and battery protection. By employing a DC-DC converter, the system maintains a stable 9V supply to the Arduino board under various power supply conditions. The integration of the temperature sensor and Bluetooth module enables accurate temperature data transmission to mobile or computer terminals for real-time monitoring. The energy-saving and battery protection features optimize charging cycles and prolong battery life, contributing to environmental sustainability and enhanced safety for communities at risk. The successful testing of the system demonstrates its reliability and potential as an effective early warning system to combat the devastating effects of forest fires.

Design of mask recognition and temperature monitoring system

This design is based on the STM32F103C8T6 mask recognition and temperature monitoring system, mainly including the mask recognition module based on the K210 chip, non-contact infrared temperature sensor module based on the ATmega328P chip, liquid crystal display module, infrared tube sensor module and buzzer module. When the infrared tube sensor senses the measured target, the system starts to supply power to ATmega328P. The infrared temperature measurement sensor module MLX90164 is used to measure the temperature of the target. At the same time, the temperature data is displayed on the LCD1602 display screen. If it exceeds the predetermined value, an alarm will be issued. When the temperature is normal, the system starts to supply power to K210, start the camera, lock the face position, identify whether the target is wearing a mask, and display the measured results through the 2.4-inch TFT screen. If the mask is worn correctly, the face frame will turn green. Through the software program, the three chips are mobilized for coordinated operation, the target body temperature is measured by using the temperature compensation algorithm, and the mask recognition is carried out by using the YoloV2 algorithm. The hardware design and software program design are improved, and finally, the material object is made. After repeated debugging of the real object, the expected effect is finally achieved. After gradual product improvement, it will be widely used in the daily monitoring of mask wearing identification and body temperature detection in the normalization of epidemic prevention and control in public places in the future.

IoT Based Smart Chair Using Raspberry PI

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects "things" embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems via the internet. This project enables us to assess a seated person's posture in real time and improve sitting posture. Long-term sitting harms the spine and causes chronic problems that require long-term therapy. People who are sick have a significant impact on office productivity. Long periods of sitting while studying cause major postural and spinal problems in young people. Our motivation is to assist people in paying attention to their health and proper sitting .Maintaining good posture by sitting with a straight back and shoulders not only enhances physical well-being but also enhances confidence and productivity through the development of healthy habits and frequent breaks. To make the chair smart, we use an IoT system with sensors, processing power, and software, with the goal of eventually assisting humans in maintaining good posture and healthy habits. Making a regular chair into a smart chair using Raspberry Pi, which will continuously detect your sitting posture and send a notification if it is incorrect. Two FSR sensors will be fitted onto the backrest of the chair to detect the inclination of the chair. The backrest sensor will detect if the person is sitting straight or not. The humidity and temperature sensor module inside the cushion of the seat will detect the temperature and pressure of the user. The goal of this project is to maintain proper posture for improved health and longevity.

A Real-Time Monitoring System for the Elderly based on the GSM Network

Infectious illnesses are more prevalent and harmful in older adults because to functional, demographic, and immunological changes brought on by aging. Treatment for these disorders is complicated by aging organ systems. Given that many seniors have multiple illnesses and take multiple medications, antimicrobial therapy for them should be carefully chosen to prevent drug interactions and other issues. Thus, it is important to keep an eye on the health of elderly people. In this research, we tracked elderly patients using a clever technique. The device includes a microprocessor, temperature sensor, pulse sensor, LCD display, and GSM module. The temperature and pulse of the elderly are shown on an LCD monitor. The system may notify emergency services if the pulse and temperature data go over the permitted limitations. The method was successfully tested on a large number of elderly persons.

Dump Yard Fire Extinguishing System Using IoT

Nagpur municipal corporation (NMC) is the best waste disposal company. Nagpur municipal corporation (NMC) collects everything from household waste and stores all the garbage in different landfills. But these landfills pose a major problem for storing this waste safely as it catches fire very quickly. These toxic gases such as dioxins, furans, mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls are then released into the atmosphere and pollute the air with an unpleasant smell. The design we propose is based on a fire alarm and a landfill fire extinguisher. When garbage is gathered for the dump, our project flashes a warning. Smoke alarm, temperature sensor, and Wi-Fi module powered by batteries Our sensor checks for smoke and temperature; if either is present, an alarm will be shown on the signal from the Wi-Fi module fi that is linked to a junkyard. An IoT-based fire extinguishing system is proposed for dump yards, providing an efficient and unique approach to prevent and extinguish fire outbreaks using sensors, actuators, and a cloud-based monitoring system. This research presents an innovative IoT-based fire extinguishing system for dump yards that incorporates sensor nodes to detect fire, actuator nodes to discharge extinguishing agents, and a cloud-based monitoring system for remote monitoring and management. The proposed system provides an efficient and effective approach to prevent and control fire outbreaks in dump yards, ensuring safety and environmental protection. This paper presents a novel IoT-based fire extinguishing system for dump yards, which utilizes sensor nodes to detect fire outbreaks and actuator nodes to deploy extinguishing agents. The system also includes a cloud-based monitoring and control system that enables remote monitoring and management of the system. The proposed system aims to provide an efficient and reliable approach to prevent and extinguish fire outbreaks in dump yards.

Design and Numerical Energetic Analysis of a Novel Semi-Automated Biomass-Powered Multipurpose Dryer

This work presents a new all-inclusive mathematical model that combines both processes and an energy analysis of a semi-automated biomass-powered multipurpose dryer. A mathematical model was developed and a wood sample was used to simulate the model. Energy interaction between the system and sample was established. Most importantly, the incorporation of a sensor control system ensures that, once there is an increase in thermal energy from the combustion of the biomass, a signal is passed to the temperature sensor module that controls the system’s temperature and hence shuts down the heat supply at a predetermined temperature; in this case, at 67 °C. The results of the system’s modification show that the peak temperature of the drying space and the sample was 67 °C and 56 °C, respectively, and that the maximum temperature lag witnessed by the two regimes was 10 °C. The peak temperature removal rate of the sample was 0.0066 kg/h, while the sample attained 0.4 (40%) moisture concentration of its initial value; 90% mass content removal (10% remaining mass content) of the initial mass of the sample was achieved at the end, with a simulation time of 240 s.

Temperature monitoring techniques of power cable joints in underground utility tunnels using a fiber Bragg grating

Underground utility tunnels (UUTs), facilities where utilities such as electricity, gas, and telecommunication are concentrated, constitute important infrastructures that help humans with their daily lives. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to protect UUTs from disasters. Power cable accidents in UUT internal facilities mostly occur at the joints of power cables. This paper proposes a temperature sensor module for detecting fires (a disaster that can occur in UUTs) that may occur at the “cable joints” of cables used in a power distribution grid. Long-distance transmission is possible without interference from electromagnetic waves as the proposed temperature sensor module is based on a fiber optic sensor. Therefore, it is suitable for application in narrow and long UUTs. When light from a broadband light source is sent to the fiber Bragg grating (FBG), signals with different wavelengths according to the temperature are reflected. The optical filter module divides the reflected signal into four wavelengths and demodulates it simultaneously. The signal demodulated through self-referencing had an almost linear characteristic. The adjusted R-squared value, indicating the degree of linearity, was ≥ 0.99744, and the temperature resolution of the analysis module was 1 °C. We placed the proposed FBG on an energized cable joint of the power distribution grid and measured the temperature. Herein, we present the configuration of the sensor module and the measured results.

Implementation of Temperature and Humidity Sensor Module Based on Z-wave

Implementation of Temperature and Humidity Sensor Module Based on Z-wave

EFFECT OF BRAKING DISTANCE AND ROAD CONDITIONS ON BRAKE PAD TEMPERATURE ON 150 CC MOTORCYCLE

Road safety is the right of all road users. However, the reality is that the high number of deaths is still caused by accidents while driving on the road. One of the contributing factors to these accidents is the lack of warning signs when the braking system malfunctions. This study aims to monitor the temperature during braking and provide an early warning safety system for motorcycle riders based on the ESP32 microcontroller and the MAX6675 thermocouple type-K temperature sensor module. The method in this study, employed a quantitative experimental approach by conducting experiments on three types of road terrains: flat road, gentle downhill road, and steep downhill road. Braking was performed at intervals of 30 meters, with a final braking distance of 300 meters. The findings of this study indicate that the distance and road conditions have an impact on the increase in brake pad temperature. The experiments showed a significant temperature increase at a braking distance of 300 meters, with values of 99.75°C on flat roads, 115.50°C on gentle downhill roads, and 129.00°C on steep downhill roads.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: early warning sign; ESP32 microcontroller; temperature monitoring; temperature sensor; road safety.

Smart temperature measurement for pharmaceutical industry

It has been observed that medicines tend to change their chemical properties which makes it not fit for consumption. Thus appropriate temperature monitoring is a crucial task. So we developed a Smart Temperature monitoring system using the temperature & humidity sensor module DHT11 which comprises a resistive element & a sense of wet NTC temperature measurement device, with a high performance 8 bit Microcontroller connected inside the DHT11 MODULE. For IoT and Smart connectivity we are using WiFi modules (ESP8266) and GSM modules (SIM800L) which are connected to our host MCU (STM32F103). Both the IoT modules can be configured in Web Client Mode and web server mode to send data to Remote Server (like Thingspeak or AWS) and send data locally by connecting a local webclient on the dedicated IP address. Validation of smart temperature data logger has been done on the real time data that this device monitors the Temperature upto 2 percent accuracy and very efficiently logs the temperature readings of medicine and sends the data to WebServer.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Intelligent electrical equipment fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement system

Fiber Bragg gratings are widely used in electrical equipment monitoring, structural health monitoring, power system fault monitoring and other actual detection occasions due to the unique advantages of anti-electromagnetic interference, low fusion loss, high sensitivity, small size, and easy distributed measurement. Fiber grating has been widely used in actual detection occasions such as electrical equipment monitoring, structural health monitoring, and power system fault monitoring. The temperature measurement of the motor based on fiber grating sensing technology not only has strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, but also can realize multi-point distributed temperature measurement. The research of fiber grating temperature measurement system for intelligent electrical equipment is of great significance. This article mainly studies the optical fiber grating temperature measurement system of intelligent electrical equipment. This paper designs the temperature measurement system architecture, including data acquisition layer, data monitoring layer and remote monitoring layer. Complete the system design from two aspects: hardware design and software design. In the hardware part, the functions of the temperature sensor module transmission system, signal demodulation system, PLC and host computer are analyzed. Use FTM3501 fiber temperature converter is used to realize the automatic electrical fiber grating. Experimental results show that the thermometer has alarm and display analysis functions. The measurement uncertainty is analyzed, and the uncertainty of the calibration result of the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor is 0.0725 °C; the fault judgment time of the system in this paper does not exceed 4.73 s, while the fault judgment time of the control group is more than 4.73 s. Compared with the control group, it has a faster fault accuracy speed. The system has high measurement accuracy and good stability, can be applied to actual temperature measurement systems, and has certain practical value.

A CONTROL SYSTEM FOR REMOTE MONITORING AND CONTROL OF THE TEMPERATURE IN CHICKEN EGGS HATCHING USING ARTIFICIAL INCUBATORS

According to OACD/FAO Agricultural Outlook, poultry meat remains the primary driver of growth in total meat production. Its short production cycle allows producers to respond quickly to market needs, as well as rapid improvements in genetics, animal health, feeding practices, breeding conditions and breeding environment. Hatching process needs to be done properly in order to maximize the number of healthy chickens hatched and to minimize their death rate. When using artificial egg incubation, it is important to monitor and control ambient conditions in incubators, to obtain ventilation and egg turning. Ambient conditions are expressed in terms of temperature and humidity, where maintaining and controlling the temperature inside the incubator is of the greatest importance. This paper deals with the description of a control system developed for remote monitoring and control of the temperature in chicken eggs hatching using artificial incubators. The system consists of heater in a form of an incandescent light bulb, temperature sensor, relay, microcontroller, and communication module. For temperature control, a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller is designed, which maintains the temperature at 37.8 °C. Temperature readings are available through the web browser and are accessible using wired Internet connection. Proposed system represents a simple, low-cost but very efficient solution which provides the necessary conditions for proper development of chickens while growing inside the egg.