In this study, an innovative temperature regulation method is developed to augment the air storage capacity of adiabatic compressed air energy storage. Hot water, produced by recovering waste heat from the discharging process, is injected into these tanks to control the air temperature as needed. The transient-state calculation models have been established for each component, and validation is performed using experimental data obtained from published work. The utilization of proportion integration differentiation control technology enables precise regulation of the air outlet temperature of heat exchangers, achieving a control accuracy of 1K. The operational status of the components has been investigated, and a comparison is made between the performances of the modified and traditional adiabatic compressed air energy storage systems. The comparative analysis results show that the modified system can achieve a notable round trip efficiency of 71.71 %, which is comparable to that of conventional system (71.41 %). The effective air storage density of the modified system is 47.24 kg/m3, which presents a 15.08 % increase compared to traditional system (41.05 kg/m3). The influence of discharge pressure and pressure difference between threshold pressure and discharge pressure is also investigated. It is found that the modified adiabatic compressed air energy storage shows a consistently greater effective air storage density than traditional system, with a minimum increase exceeding 10.52 %.