Temperature Monitoring Devices Research Articles

Simulation and Construction of Wireless Heartbeat and Body Temperature Monitoring Device Using Microcontroller

Simulation and Construction of Wireless Heartbeat and Body Temperature Monitoring Device Using Microcontroller

Thermal response color-tunable electroluminescent device for real-time visual temperature monitoring

Alternating current electroluminescent (ACEL) devices have attracted tremendous attention due to their significant applications in bioinspired electronics, smart wearables, and human-machine interfaces. However, it still faces limitations in real-time visual temperature sensing. Herein, a universal strategy is established to achieve real-time temperature dynamic visualization by integrating a thermochromic layer through a simple spin coating procedure. Such elaborate integration permits the device to display a wide array of luminous colors and achieve high-contrast color transitions in response to ambient temperature variations. More importantly, a quantitative relationship can be established between the temperatures and the luminous color changes. This advancement not only enhances multi-color emission capabilities but also enables the display of diverse information, marking a significant stride in the development of dynamic temperature sensing in ACEL devices.

Agreement between three noninvasive temperature monitoring devices during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery: a prospective observational study

Hypothermia during obstetric spinal anaesthesia is a common and important problem, yet temperature monitoring is often not performed due to the lack of a suitable, cost-effective monitor. This study aimed to compare a noninvasive core temperature monitor with two readily available peripheral temperature monitors during obstetric spinal anaesthesia. We undertook a prospective observational study including elective and emergency caesarean deliveries, to determine the agreement between affordable reusable surface temperature monitors (Welch Allyn SureTemp® Plus oral thermometer and the Braun 3-in-1 No Touch infrared thermometer) and the Dräger T-core© (using dual-sensor heat flux technology), in detecting thermoregulatory changes during obstetric spinal anaesthesia. Predetermined clinically relevant limits of agreement (LOA) were set at ± 0.5 °C. We included 166 patients in our analysis. Hypothermia (heat flux temperature < 36 °C) occurred in 67% (95% CI 49 to 78%). There was poor agreement between devices. In the Bland-Altman analysis, LOA for the heat flux monitor vs. oral thermometer were 1.8 °C (CI 1.7 to 2.0 °C; bias 0.5 °C), for heat flux monitor vs. infrared thermometer LOA were 2.3 °C (CI 2.1 to 2.4 °C; bias 0.4 °C) and for infrared vs. oral thermometer, LOA were 2.0 °C (CI 1.9 to 2.2 °C; bias 0.1 °C). Error grid analysis highlighted a large amount of clinical disagreement between methods. While monitoring of core temperature during obstetric spinal anaesthesia is clinically important, agreement between monitors was below clinically acceptable limits. Future research with gold-standard temperature monitors and exploration of causes of sensor divergence is needed.

Prototype design of an IoT-based dryer and temperature monitoring device and test its utilization on the dryness and proximate levels of seaweed

Seaweed has potential as a commodity for small and medium-scale businesses, but its quality is low due to conventional drying which experiences contamination and dries slowly. This research aims to produce a prototype IoT-based seaweed dryer to improve the quality of seaweed. The stages of this research are designing a prototype drying device, drying seaweed tests, and proximate analysis of seaweed. This research resulted in a 300W prototype using IoT components, including a solid state relay, Arduino Uno R3, potentiometer, thermocouple, 12C LCD, and SIM 800L V2 GSM GPRS module, with temperature control via an Android application. Optimal drying occurs at 60 oC, producing dried seaweed weighing 470.90 g from 1000 g. Water content decreases as temperature increases to 60 oC (18.85%), 50 oC (23.11%), 40 oC (32.30%), and conventional (34.50%). The highest protein, fat and carbohydrate content was at 60 oC, indicating drying efficiency at that temperature. Based on these results, it was concluded that using a dryer with a temperature of 60 oC was the best and most efficient.Keywords: Dryer; IoT; production; proximate; seaweed

Rational Design of a Surface Acoustic Wave Device for Wearable Body Temperature Monitoring.

Continuous monitoring of vital signs based on advanced sensing technologies has attracted extensive attention due to the ravages of COVID-19. A maintenance-free and low-cost passive wireless sensing system based on surface acoustic wave (SAW) device can be used to continuously monitor temperature. However, the current SAW-based passive sensing system is mostly designed at a low frequency around 433 MHz, which leads to the relatively large size of SAW devices and antenna, hindering their application in wearable devices. In this paper, SAW devices with a resonant frequency distributed in the 870 MHz to 960 MHz range are rationally designed and fabricated. Based on the finite-element method (FEM) and coupling-of-modes (COM) model, the device parameters, including interdigital transducer (IDT) pairs, aperture size, and reflector pairs, are systematically optimized, and the theoretical and experimental results show high consistency. Finally, SAW temperature sensors with a quality factor greater than 2200 are obtained for real-time temperature monitoring ranging from 20 to 50 °C. Benefitting from the higher operating frequency, the size of the sensing system can be reduced for human body temperature monitoring, showing its potential to be used as a wearable monitoring device in the future.

All-fiber cascade system for high-sensitive temperature monitoring: An exploration of the tunability of Ti3C2-MKRs

A tunable all-fiber optical cascade temperature system is demonstrated with two microfiber knot resonators (MKRs) as sensing device (MKR_s) and reference device (MKR_r), respectively. The temperature monitoring device is prepared by depositing Ti3C2 onto MKR_s by optical deposition. Sufficient experimental evidence for temperature sensing sensitivity of the dual sensor device cascade system (MKR_r + Ti3C2-MKR_s) is 4.33 nm/°C, which is a 10.13-fold increase in sensitivity compared with the temperature sensing sensitivity of 0.427 nm/°C of the Ti3C2-MKR_s. After depositing Ti3C2 materials (∼400 μm) on the bare MKR_r, we further improve the sensitivity of the cascade system (Ti3C2-MKR × 2) to 9.20 nm/°C, which represents a significant 21.5 times improvement in sensitivity compared to Ti3C2-MKR_s. The sensitivity of cascade fiber optic sensors is controlled by varying the modified length of Ti3C2 materials optically deposited on the MKR_r surface. Overall, this study not only enhances device utilization but also provides a new research direction for the preparation of all-fiber sensors with tunable sensitivity.

Design of a Web-based Cold Storage Temperature Monitor with Arduino Uno for Fish Quality Maintenance: Sensor-based Methodology and Innovative Contribution

The development of a web-based cold storage temperature and humidity monitoring device using Arduino Uno aims to monitor room conditions, particularly in cold storage spaces, through a website. This device utilizes DHT11 and DS18B20 sensors, along with the Wemos D1 Mini module, integrated with the Arduino Uno microcontroller. Arduino configuration is performed through an application to send commands to other components. The research was conducted at PT. Indu Manis Gresik, East Java. Data collection and testing were carried out at the specified location. The test results demonstrate the device's efficient operation, transmitting testing data to the associated website. The accuracy of the DS18B20 temperature sensor testing reached 98.8%, while the DS18B20 humidity sensor achieved 99.35%.

ALAT MONITORING SUHU DAN DETAK JANTUNG MANUSIA BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS MENGGUNAKAN BLYNK

The purpose of this research is to create and design a way to monitor temperature and human heart rate based on the Internet of Things using blynk. The process of making an Internet of Things-based human heart rate and temperature monitoring device begins with hardware design by connecting all tools, namely, NodeMCU Esp8266, Base Board, Mlx90614, Max30100, Oled, Led, and Buzzer followed by designing software on Arduino and the blynk application where later the measurement results will be compared with the actual tool commonly used, namely the Tensimeter. Based on previous research conducted by Agung (2019), a heart rate and body temperature measuring instrument was made using the Ds18b20 temperature sensor and the Max30100 sensor with Bluetooth Hc-05 communication with an accuracy of 99.1% on heart rate and 99.4% on body temperature, and previous research conducted by Jarot (2021), heart rate measurements were carried out with a pulse sensor 3 times with an error of 16.7 – 20%, as well as previous research conducted by Muhlis (2019). 2017), measurements of heart rate and body temperature were carried out wirelessly with a pulse sensor using 10 objects with an error of 4.94% and using an LM35 with 10 objects with an error of 1.66%. In this study using 3 different people objects which were measured 3 times for each object. with an average error percentage of 0.91% for body temperature and 2.90% for heart rate. after going through the process of hardware design and software design, we have succeeded in designing a temperature monitoring device and human heart rate that can be monitored remotely using the blynk application and has functioned properly and works according to its function and has the advantage of being easier to monitor because it is based on the Internet of Things in real time and has very accurate accuracy with measuring instruments commonly used compared to previous studies.

Monitoring The Temperature And Humidity Air In The Room Using A Sensor IOT-Based DHT-11

Air is an important element in everyday life.Therefore the air must have quality so as not to have a negative impact on the body. Low air humidity can cause drying of the air membranes, and if the air humidity in a room is too high it can result in high growth of microorganisms. Abnormal humidity levels can become a respiratory problem and interfere with human health. The temperature and humidity monitoring device is designed based on the NodeMCU ESP8266 and the DHT-11 sensor to measure air temperature and humidity. This study aims to make it easier to know the temperature and humidity in real-time. A temperature and humidity monitoring tool based on NodeMCU ESP8266 is designed with a DHT-11 sensor to measure air temperature and humidity. temperature and humidity air monitoring results will then be sent via a wifi network connection and displayed on an Android smartphone.

A Continuously Worn Dual Temperature Sensor System for Accurate Monitoring of Core Body Temperature from the Ear Canal.

The objective of this work was to develop a temperature sensor system that accurately measures core body temperature from an ear-worn device. Two digital temperature sensors were embedded in a hearing aid shell along the thermal gradient of the ear canal to form a linear heat balance relationship. This relationship was used to determine best fit parameters for estimating body temperature. The predicted body temperatures resulted in intersubject limits of agreement (LOA) of ±0.49 °C over a range of physiologic and ambient temperatures without calibration. The newly developed hearing aid-based temperature sensor system can estimate core body temperature at an accuracy level equal to or better than many devices currently on the market. An accurate, continuously worn, temperature monitoring and tracking device may help provide early detection of illnesses, which could prove especially beneficial during pandemics and in the elderly demographic of hearing aid wearers.

Variation of rectal temperature in dogs undergoing 3T-MRI in general anesthesia.

Managing body temperature during MRI scanning under general anesthesia poses challenges for both human and veterinary patients, as many temperature monitoring devices and patient warming systems are unsuitable for the use inside an MRI scanner. MRI has the potential to cause tissue and body warming, but this effect may be counteracted by the hypothermia induced by general anesthesia and the low ambient temperature usually encountered in scanner rooms. This study aimed to observe temperature variations in dogs undergoing MRI under general anesthesia. In this prospective observational study, client-owned dogs scheduled for 3-Tesla MRI under anesthesia between February and October 2020 at a veterinary teaching hospital were eligible for enrollment. Recorded data included breed, body mass, body condition score, age, fur quality, pre- and post-MRI rectal temperatures, time in the MRI room, scan area and coil used, application of contrast medium, choice of anesthetic agents, use of blankets, and infusion therapy. Group comparisons were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U-test or Kruskal-Wallis test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. In total 171 dogs met the inclusion criteria. The median body temperature at admission was 38.4°C (IQR 38.1-38.7°C). The median body temperature before MRI was 38.2°C (IQR 37.8-38.6°C), and the median temperature after the MRI scan was 37.7°C (IQR 37.238.2°C) resulting in a median temperature difference (∆T) before and after MRI of - 0.6°C (IQR -0.8--0.1°C). The median duration of MRI scans was 49 min (IQR 38-63 min). A temperature loss of more than 0.1°C was observed in 121 (70.8%) dogs, 29 (16.9%) dogs maintained their temperature within 0.1°C, and 21 (12.3%) dogs experienced a temperature increase of more than 0.1°C. Factors associated with a higher post-MRI temperature included greater body mass, medium or long fur, and the application of α2- receptor-agonists. Dogs undergoing MRI under general anesthesia are likely to experience temperature loss in the given circumstances. However, in larger dogs and those with much fur, an increase in body temperature is possible and more common than generally anticipated, although clinically insignificant in most cases.

Innovative single-sensor, in-shoe pressure and temperature monitoring device: A static laboratory validation study

BackgroundTo perform laboratory static validation of pressures from an innovative, single-sensor pressure and temperature monitoring device for the early detection of complications in the high-risk foot. Research questionCan an innovative, newly developed, in-shoe pressure and temperature measuring device, detect and measure the in-shoe peak plantar pressures and skin temperature as accurately as the reference standard? MethodsA pressure generating rig, the Tekscan™ Equilibration ‘bladder calibrator’, was used to produce a known force, against the gold standard, FScan™ in-shoe pressure mapping system by Tekscan™ and a newly developed prototype. The F-scan® system was used to record the pressure readings and establish a baseline for the readings recorded utilising the prototype. A total of 20 pressure values were recorded with 100 samples each. ResultsExploratory data analysis was conducted to gain insights and analyse the prototype's behaviour at different pressure points. Pre-processing and data cleaning were also performed to remove any anomalies. Support Vector Regressor with a polynomial kernel and Grid-Search algorithm was used to fit the recorded data curve. The best combination of parameters had a Mean Squared Error of 2.59 and a Root Mean Squared Error of 1.61. A simple linear equation was used to convert raw readings to pressure values. SignificanceThe results of this study conclude that the pressure measurements taken with the prototype are congruent to the gold standard, F-scan® in-shoe system. This confirms that the prototype is a valid device that can be used safely as a low-cost alternative to current costly commercial in-shoe pressure mapping devices.

Rancang Bangun Alat Pemantau Suhu Kandang Ayam dan Stok Pakan Menggunakan Arduino Nano Berbasis SMS Gateway

This research focuses on the development of a temperature monitoring device for chicken coops and chicken feed, which is essential in the poultry industry. The device is designed to address specific conditions in the livestock industry that cannot be manually handled by humans. The design methodology involves software development using object modeling (UML), hardware design through circuit schematics, and the construction of the device. The device utilizes HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and DHT11 sensor to measure humidity and temperature inside the chicken coop. Testing is conducted to measure the chicken feed supply using the ultrasonic sensor, as well as the humidity and temperature inside the chicken coop using the DHT11 sensor. The final outcome of this research is the implementation of a temperature monitoring device for chicken coops and chicken feed that functions according to the needs of poultry farmers. The Arduino Nano microcontroller is integrated with an SMS gateway device as an intermediary to transmit programmed process instructions as text messages containing real-time information.

Factors Influencing the Accuracy and Precision of NFC-Based Temperature Monitoring Device

Factors Influencing the Accuracy and Precision of NFC-Based Temperature Monitoring Device

Ignition control and waste heat assessment of spontaneous combustion gangue hill by gravity heat pipe group: a case study in Shanxi Province, China.

Spontaneous combustion gangue hill has attracted great attention due to serious environmental pollution and terrible geological disasters. However, the rich thermal resources inside are often ignored. In order to control the spontaneous combustion of gangue hill and utilize the internal waste heat resources, this project studied the combined treatment effect of 821 gravity heat pipes, laid 47 sets of temperature monitoring devices, evaluated the storage of waste heat resources, and proposed different waste heat utilization methods. The results show that (1) the positions of spontaneous combustion are all located on the windward slope. The highest temperature is in the range of 6 ~ 12m underground, exceeding 700 ℃. (2) The single-tube experiment of gravity heat pipe shows that the effective temperature control radius is 2m. The cooling effect is obvious in the range of 3 ~ 5m underground. However, the temperature rises at the depth of 1m underground. (3) After 90days of treatment of the gravity heat pipe group, the temperature at the depths of 3m, 4m, 5m, and 6m in the high-temperature zone dropped by 56 ℃, 66 ℃, 63 ℃, and 42 ℃, respectively. The maximum temperature drop exceeds 160 ℃. The average temperature drop in the middle- and low-temperature areas is between 9 and 21°C. (4) The concentration of harmful gases (CO, SO2, and H2S) decreases by more than 90%. The hazard level is greatly reduced. (5) The amount of waste heat resources contained within 10m of the spontaneous combustion gangue hill is 7.83E13J. Waste heat resources can be used for indoor heating and greenhouse cultivation. And, under the temperature difference of 50°C, 100°C, and 150°C, the electric energy generated by the heat through the thermoelectric conversion device in the high-temperature zone of the gangue hill is 4056.8 kWh, 7468.2 kWh, and 10,603 kWh, respectively.

Assessment of medicines cold chain storage conformity with the requirements of the World Health Organization in health facilities of the Eastern Province of Rwanda

BackgroundDespite the prominent evidence of cold chain monitoring in the health system to reduce wastage and maintain product potency, there are still inefficiencies in the storage and transportation of cold chain products. This study assessed medicine cold chain storage conformity in health facilities in the Eastern Province of Rwanda.MethodsA cross-sectional and prospective with quantitative and qualitative approaches study was approved, and 44 health facilities (public, faith-based and private) were selected using both convenience, stratified, and purposive sampling techniques. Temperature data loggers were mounted in refrigerators to measure the Mean Kinetic Temperature (MKT).ResultsThe overall performance of cold chain storage conformity of refrigerators assessed was 54 (73.0%). The conformity found in refrigerators of pharmacy stock in public health facilities was 22 (56.0%), in vaccination program was 25 (100.0%), and in private retail pharmacies was 7 (70.0%). The MKT measured fit the required cold chain storage at this rate. Most refrigerators used in pharmacy stock (27.0%) were aged between 8 and 10 years, while those used in vaccination programs were less than 4 years. Regular calibration of refrigerator and temperature monitoring device (TMD) was 39.0% and 24.0%, respectively. Most respondents, 44 (80.0%), knew the proper cold chain storage. However, few identified the impact of storing cold chain products with vaccines at 16 (29.1%). The transportation of cold chain products from two central medical stores assessed showed inefficiencies as only one of them uses temperature data loggers during transportations of the products mentioned above.ConclusionsThe medicines cold chain storage conformity investigated in seven districts of the Eastern Province in Rwanda was better than reported previously in other LMICs. However, cold chain storage for pharmacy stock often did not meet the requirements. The observed drawback represented a serious risk to public health. Calibrating cold chain equipment, regular maintenance, and commissioning new cold chain equipment should be done to improve cold chain storage.

Structure optimization of a liquid-sealed SNS fiber optic temperature sensor

For the advancement of temperature monitoring devices, research into high sensitivity fiber optic temperature sensors is valuable. This research suggests a fiber optic temperature sensor with great sensitivity. Specifically, the NCF (no core fiber) spliced with various diameters is employed within the multimode interference region of the typical SNS (single mode fiber-no core fiber-single mode fiber) sensor. The morphology of the splice sites connecting two NCFs is also regulated by fusing. The mixture of ethanol and glycerol is used to coat the entire structure. According to the experimental results, the proposed sensor can achieve a temperature sensitivity of −14.448 nm/°C. Additionally, the sensor has good performance in repeatability and temperature cycling thanks to its simple, dependable structure. It is anticipated that the relevant results will be useful for the development and applications of precise temperature measurement.

Prototype of Room Temperature and Humidity Monitoring Device in Shallot Storage Using Microcontroller Arduino

Allium ascalonicum L or commonly referred to as shallot is one type of horticultural plant that is important because it is widely used by humans as a mixture of spices in cooking. The need for shallots increasing every day accompanied by a large number of agricultural products, causing the stability of shallot availability in Merauke County to become unstable, To support the needs of consumers shallots imported from outside Merauke. Therefore the condition of the shallots in the storage area is cold and humid. While waiting to be sold in the storage area, it must be maintained temperature and humidity to reduce decay and shrinkage. This prototype monitoring device works to measure and maintain the temperature and humidity in the storage. The data collection method in this study is Literature Study, Observation, Interview, and Documentation. Microcontroller devices are designed or made to be able to control the state of temperature and humidity in the room where the onion is stored. The device also gives notifications via text message to users to be able to find out the state of the onion storage. The results of the study conducted using the DHT11 sensor obtained a temperature measurement accuracy rate of 93.848% and a humidity accuracy rate was 91.808%. This device can detect the temperature and humidity values in the shallot storage room.

Effect of incorporating graphene oxide in ZnS and study of the thermistor applications of ZnS-RGO film

We report the effect of incorporating graphene oxide in ZnS and developed a ZnS-RGO hybrid film with negative temperature coefficient (NTC) for thermistor application towards temperature sensing in this study. The light sensing properties of the films were also investigated by exposing the film to light sources from mercury and tungsten lamp and recording the photo resistance. As the composition of ZnS in ZnS-RGO increased, sharper diffraction peaks were observed thus confirming improved crystallinity. The crystallite size of ZnS-RGO hybrid decreased from 4.02 to 1.87 nm while the lattice strain increased from 0.0086 to 0.0185 as the composition of ZnS in the hybrid increased. ZnS-RGO recorded a maximum sensor response of 1.91 which is approximately twice the maximum value obtained for pure ZnS in literature. The negative temperature coefficient (NTC) for ZnS-RGO (0.00174825/K) was higher than values obtained in literature for ZnS and Ag nanoparticles coated RGO. Furthermore, the sensitivity value of ZnS-RGO (0.00769 Ω/ K) was five times that of ZnS while the activation energy (0.0352 eV) was about seven times the value reported for ZnS. The increase in activation energy of ZnS-RGO compared to ZnS is responsible for the improved sensing response of the hybrid while the intercalation of ZnS in GO created reactive sites that resulted in activation energy, sensing response and an NTC much higher than in pure ZnS thus favoring utilization of ZnS-RGO as thermistors. This research has shown that ZnS, intercalated in the matrix of GO improved the thermal and photo sensing properties of ZnS and is thus suitable in thermistor applications. These properties can be used to suggest the application of ZnS-RGO in optoelectronic applications such as EM detectors, solar cells and temperature monitoring devices.

Development of a surface atmosphere temperature observation instrument.

To minimize the impact of various radiations on atmospheric temperature observation, a new natural ventilation temperature observation instrument is designed in this paper. First of all, the temperature measuring instrument model is constructed using the means of computational fluid dynamics. Then, the radiation error of the device is quantified in different environmental conditions. Next, a back propagation neural network algorithm is adopted to fit a radiation error modified equation with multivariable changes. Finally, the measured values of a 076B forced ventilation temperature monitoring device are adopted as the temperature reference, and field tests are conducted. The average error of this new device is 0.12 °C. The root mean square error, mean square error, and correlation coefficient between the measured values of the new instrument and the reference temperature are 0.047 °C, 0.036 °C, and 0.999 °C, respectively.