Temperature In Muffle Furnace Research Articles

Cobalt Nanoparticles by Prudent Chemical Method and It's Characterization

For the synthesis of Cobalt Nanoparticles (CoNPs), the prudent wet phase reduction process was applied by employing urea as an effective oxidizing agent. The requirement of analogous precipitation of executed synthesis method was fulfilled by taking advantage of sufficiently slow hydrolysis of urea in water at an acceptable temperature. The experiment was carried out by mixing cobalt nitrate and urea (1:2) in distilled water. The reaction mass was then subjected to 400ÚC temperature in muffle furnace by intermittent shaking. The product formed i.e. cobalt oxide was cooled and crushed to get powder which was then reduced at 800°C in presence of inert gas i.e. hydrogen. Newly formed nanoparticles (i.e. nano catalyst) were analyzed and characterized for surface morphology using different analytical tools like X-ray powder diffractometer (XRPD), Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Nitrogen adsorption by BET. The extension of study was done to evaluate the effect of change in reduction temperature on characteristic properties of CoNPs.

Experimental researches of the effect of vegetable oil addition on the emissions during combustion of coal liquid fuels

This paper presents the findings of research into combustion of vegetable oils in the composition of coal liquid fuel. The aim of the research was to study the influence of additives of typical vegetable oils (rapeseed, olive, coconut oil, etc.) on concentrations of anthropogenic emissions during combustion of coal water slurries based on coal processing waste. In order to study the effect of different parameters on the emissions efficiency, the tests were done in different operating conditions: muffle furnace temperature, share of oil (up to 15%) in the mixtures, and oil type. The differences between the concentrations of SOx and NOx in the combustion of typical filter cakes (waste coal), as well as those of suspensions with the addition of vegetable impurities have been investigated. It is shown that the concentrations of SOx can be reduced by 5-63% and those of NOx – by 5-62% in comparison with coal liquid fuels based on oil refinery waste. Using the generalizing criterion, the paper illustrates the advantages of adding vegetable oils to enhance the prospects of slurry fuels (even based on coal processing waste) in comparison with coal that is the most dangerous in terms of environmental pollution.

Synthesis and Properties of Composite Stabilized ZrO<sub>2</sub>

Through Mechanical grounding method, CaZrO3 – 8YSZ(8% in mol yttria stabilized zirconia) electrolyte samples with different amounts of CaZrO3 at 10wt%, 20wt%, 30wt% were sintered at different temperatures in Muffle furnace. The decomposition temperature of CaZrO3 is 825°C-900°C under one atmosphere. At high temperature, CaZrO3 decomposes into CaO and ZrO2. So Y2O3-CaO-ZrO2 complex is composed. The effects of the sintering temperature and the contents of the CaZrO3 on the conductivity, porosity, flexure strength, hardness were investigated. XRD and SEM were used to analyse the compositions and microcosmic morphology.

Synthesis and characterization of CNTs using egg albumin & Metal (Cr+3)

The growing need for analytical devices requiring smaller sample volumes, decreased power consumption and improved performance have been driving forces behind the rapid growth in nanomaterials research. Due to their dimensions, nano structured materials display unique properties not traditionally observed in bulk materials. Due to the vast application of CNTs, it is necessary to develop new methods for the synthesis of CNTs. In this method, complexes of transition metal Cr(III) with amino acid present in egg albumin have been synthesized. The complex so formed, is analyzed on the basis of spectroscopic method of UV, IR and NMR spectroscopy. The amino acid metal complex is decomposed at higher temperature in muffle furnace to obtain metal carbon nano tubes.

Manufacture of Carbon Supported PtCuLaO<sub>X</sub> Membrane Electrode with Low Pt Loading by IBS Technology

For the use of Fuel Cells in transportation, one of the key points is to reduce Pt loading in Pt/C catalytic electrode. In our study, a new type of Pt/C membrane electrodes, PtCuLaOx heterogeneous structure, in which with developing different La content homogeneously dispersed on the surface of carbonaceous substrates was manufactured by Ion Beam Sputtering (IBS) technology, and also was treated by different annealing temperature in muffle furnace. It was found that PtCuLaOx heterogeneous membrane with Pt loading less than 0.05mg/cm2 (the electrode area) in which its having complicated valence state, indicated that Pt had mutual effect with Cu, La and O, respectively. In addition, along with increases the annealing temperature, the instant result was to promote alloying of Pt, Cu and La in PtCuLaOx/C catalytic electrodes.