Temperature-dependent Equation Research Articles

SYNTHESIS AND RADIOGRAPHY OF NEW ZIRCON-MANGANITES OF LANTHANUM AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS AND CALCULATION OF THEIR THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES

Annotation. The synthesis of LaMeIIZrMnO6 compounds (MeII – Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) was carried out using ceramic technology in the range of 800-1200оС by the interaction of lanthanum (III) oxides of the " extra clean." qualification, zirconium (IV), manganese (III) and magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium carbonates of the " clean for analysis " brand.". The weights of the starting materials were weighed with an accuracy of up to the fourth decimal place. Stoichiometric amounts of the starting materials were carefully ground in an agate mortar, then poured into alund crucibles and subjected to heat treatment for solid-phase interaction in air in the "SNOL" furnace. X-ray methods have established that all synthesized zircon-manganites crystallize in cubic symmetry with the following lattice parameters: LaMgZrMnO6 – а = 13,46 ±0,02 Å; V0 = 2437,86 ±0,05 Å3; Z = 4; V° elem cell = 609,47 ± 0,02 Å3; r x-ray = 4,42 g/сm3; r picn = 4,35 ± 0,07 g/сm3; LaCaZrMnO6 – а = 14,50 ± 0,02Å; V0 = 3048,63 ± 0,06 Å3; Z = 4; V° elem cell = 762,16 ± 0,02 Å3; r x-ray = 3,67 g/сm3; r picn = 3,62 ± 0,05 g/сm3; LaSrZrMnO6 – а = 14,56 ± 0,02 Å; V0 = 3087,52 ±0,06 Å3; Z = 4; V° elem cell = 771,88 ± 0,02 Å3; r x-ray. = 4,03 g/сm3; r picn.= 3,99 ± 0,04 g/сm3, LaBaZrMnO6 – а = 14,79 ± 0,02Å; V0 = 3233,45 ± 0,06 Å3; Z = 4; V° elem cell = 808,36 ± 0,02 Å3; r x-ray = 4,25 g/сm3; r picn= 4,19 ± 0,05 g/сm3. It was found that with an increase in the ionic radii in the Mg® Ca®Sr®Ba series, the values of the parameter "a", the volumes of lattices and elementary cells of zircono-manganites increase. The calculation of the temperature dependence of the heat capacity and the standard heat capacity by indirect methods is carried out. The equations of temperature dependences of the investigated zircon-manganites of lanthanum and alkaline earth metals are derived.

Aero-thermodynamic responses of a novel FGM sector disks using mathematical modeling and deep neural networks

Composite sector disks have extensive applications in aerospace industries, particularly when exposed to challenging conditions such as supersonic airflow and thermal environments. These applications leverage the superior properties of composite materials, including high strength-to-weight ratios, enhanced durability, and excellent thermal resistance, to meet the stringent requirements of aerospace operations. Multi-directional functionally graded (MD-FG) materials due to high-temperature resistance and other amazing properties in each direction have gotten plenty of attention recently. So, in this research, a thermoelasticity solution has been presented to study fundamental frequency traits of an MD-FG sector disk in supersonic airflow via both mathematics simulation and deep neural networks technique. For obtaining exact displacement fields, along with defining the changes of transverse shear strains along the system's thickness, the refined zigzag hypothesis is utilized. For obtaining the temperature-dependent equations, heat conduction relation and thermal boundary conditions of the MD-FG structure are presented. A coupled quasi-3D new refined theory (Q3D-NRT) and generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) are presented for obtaining and solving the partial differential equations in the time-displacement domain. After obtaining the mathematics results, appropriate datasets are made for testing, training, and validation of the deep neural networks technique. Finally, the results have shown that aerodynamic pressure, temperature changes, Mach number, free stream speed, and air yaw angle have a major role in the stability/instability analyses of the thermally affected MD-FG sector disk in supersonic airflow. As an amazing outcome, increasing the sector angle, FG indexes, and temperature change lead to the reduction of the critical Mach number, and aerodynamic pressure associated with the flutter phenomenon.

Numerical Investigation of Melting in Pressurized Water Reactor Fuel Rod Considering Operational Parameters of the Core

The meltdown of a fuel rod is a severe accident resulting from the overheating of the reactor core. In the present study, a numerical investigation of this process, focusing on the loss of coolant has been conducted. The objective of this study is to conduct a numerical simulation of transient heat conduction and melting at various points within a typical pressurized water reactor fuel rod. In this analysis, heat conduction in the radial direction of a fuel rod, including the UO2 fuel pellet, the gap, and the zircaloy cladding, is investigated. The FRAPCON steady-state code is employed to calculate the operational parameters of the fuel rod. The calculated parameters, such as coolant and fuel temperatures, fission gas fraction, gap heat transfer coefficient, and burnup, are utilized to evaluate and compare the melting phenomena at different time intervals. In the investigation of the phase change in various parts of the pellet and fuel rod, the explicit finite difference (FD) method is utilized with enthalpy instead of temperature-dependent equations. Finally, the temperature history, phase change, and melting map at different points along the radial and axial directions of the fuel rod during coolant loss and heat transfer coefficient reduction are evaluated based on various operating parameters of the core. To enhance the quality of the results, an uncertainty analysis of effective parameters is conducted. According to this analysis, the heat transfer coefficient of the coolant under accident conditions (0.2 ± 5% kWm−2K−1) and the thermal conductivity of the fuel have the most significant impact on the temperature history and melting process. Highlights include the following: 1. The meltdown of a nuclear fuel rod is analyzed under a loss-of-coolant accident. 2. The enthalpy formula is discretized by the explicit FD numerical method. 3. Effective parameters in melting, such as coolant temperature, burnup, and gap heat transfer coefficient, are obtained by FRAPCON. 4. The temperature history, phase changes, and melting map of various radial points within the fuel pellet and cladding along the axial direction of the fuel rod are determined.

Simulation and modeling of polymer concrete panels using deep neural networks

The most often utilized construction material worldwide is concrete. Extensive experiments are carried out each year to study the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of concrete, which are costly and time-consuming. This study focuses on avoiding redundant tests by applying the machine learning (ML) method to predict temperature-dependent polymer concrete qualities. In this work, as a strong tool of the ML method, a deep neural network (DNN) is used to examine the five temperature-dependent mechanical characteristics of concrete, including Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity. A 5-fold cross-validation method was used to verify the strategy in this research and get rid of split bias in testing and training. This study demonstrates the material properties of temperature-dependent polymer concrete followed by mathematical modeling of a steel-polymer concrete panel used for various civil applications. Temperature-dependent equations are determined using constitutive heat transfer and Cartesian coordinates. In addition, a thermal shock load acts on the upper part, and the lower part becomes an isothermal state with no heat flow. In order to account for the limited speed at which temperature waves travel, two distinct theories of generalized thermoelasticity are employed: the Lord-Shulman (LS) and the Green-Lindsay (GL) theories. The Fast Laplace Inverse Transform Method (FLITM) is used to transfer the results from the Laplace domain to the time domain. In addition, a three-dimensional differential quadrature approach (3D-DQA) using three Chebyshev-Gaussian-Robat functions for solving temperature-dependent equations is presented. In conclusion, some suggestions for improving the stability of polymer concrete panels are detailed and will be compiled in a future manual.

Hyperonic uncertainties in neutron stars, mergers and supernovae

Abstract In this work we delve into the temperature-dependent Equation of State (EoS) of baryonic matter within the framework of the FSU2H* hadronic model, which comprehensively incorporates hyperons and is suitable for relativistic simulations of neutron star mergers and supernovae. To assess the impact of the uncertainties in the hyperonic sector on astrophysical observables, we introduce two additional models, namely FSU2H*L and FSU2H*U. These models cover the entire spectrum of variability of hyperonic potentials, as derived from experimental data. Our investigations reveal that these uncertainties extend their influence not only to the relative abundances of various particle species but also to the EoS itself and, consequently, have an impact on the global properties of both cold and hot neutron stars. Notably, their effects become more pronounced at large temperatures, owing to the increased presence of hyperons. These findings have direct implications for the outcomes of relativistic simulations of neutron star mergers and supernovae, emphasizing the need of accounting for hyperonic uncertainties to ensure the accuracy and reliability of such simulations in astrophysical contexts.

Properties of water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen ices in planetary surface environments

Numerous investigations have measured and identified properties of water and exotic ices. These properties are measured at various pressures and temperatures; however, these disparate studies are sometimes difficult to find, confusing, or even contradictory. Here, we amass and present a catalogue of some temperature dependent equations on ice density, latent heat of fusion, constant values for latent heat of sublimation, specific heat capacity at constant pressure, thermal conductivity, and Arrhenius flow law parameters for water ice, carbon dioxide ice, and solid nitrogen. The equations are either directly cited from the sources or are fitted from data in past publications.

Management of irrigation water in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia, using a simple alternative to the Penman–Monteith equation

Estimating reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is very important in the planning and scheduling of irrigation water. A simple method for the estimation of ETo is needed, with fewer meteorological factors that are required for estimation using the Penmen–Monteith equation (PME). The aim of this study was to manage irrigation water in the Al-Baha region of Saudi Arabia using a simple equation to estimate ETo based on air temperature as an effective alternative to the PME. Four simple temperature-dependent equations proposed by Thornthwaite, Blaney-Criddle, Hamon and Linacre were selected for analysis. Of these four equations, the Linacre equation (LE) was found to be best for estimating ETo. Although the ETo rate was overestimated when using the LE compared with the PME, it had the lowest error percentage (9.55%) and the highest R2 (0.97). After deducing a new and accurate equation based on the LE with the ability to estimate the ETo rate, the modified LE produced values closest to the results obtained using the PME for the Al-Baha region. It can thus be relied upon for estimating irrigation needs in the Al-Baha region with the irrigation systems used in the region.

Temperature Dependence of the Thermo-Optic Coefficient of SiO2 Glass.

This paper presents a thorough analysis on the temperature dependence of the thermo-optic coefficient, dn/dT, of four bulk annealed pure-silica glass samples (type I-natural quartz: Infrasil 301; type II-quartz crystal powder: Heraeus Homosil; type III-synthetic vitreous silica: Corning 7980 and Suprasil 3001) from room temperature down to 0 K. The three/four term temperature dependent Sellmeier equations and respective coefficients were considered, which results from fitting to the raw data obtained by Leviton et al. The thermo-optic coefficient was extrapolated down to zero Kelvin. We have obtained dn/dT values ranging from 8.16 × 10-6 up to 8.53 × 10-6 for the four samples at 293 K and for a wavelength of 1.55 μm. For the Corning 7980 SiO2 glass, the thermo-optic coefficient decreases monotonically, from 8.74 × 10-6 down to 8.16 × 10-6, from the visible range up to the third telecommunication window, being almost constant above 1.3 μm. The Ghosh's model was revisited, and it was concluded that the thermal expansion coefficient only accounts for about 2% of the thermo-optic coefficient, and we have obtained an expression for the temperature behavior of the silica excitonic bandgap. Wemple's model was also analyzed where we have also considered the material dispersion in order to determine the coefficients and respective temperature dependences. The limitations of this model were also discussed.

A Study of the Temperature-Dependent Surface and Upper Critical Magnetic Fields in KFeSe and LaSrCuO Superconductors

The critical magnetic field is one of the most interesting properties of superconductors. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the surface and upper critical magnetic fields of superconductors in Fe-based and cuprate superconductors as KFeSe and LaSrCuO superconductors, respectively. The anisotropic two-band Ginzburg–Landau method was used to generate the analytic equation. The analytics were shown for the simplified equation so that a second-order polynomial temperature-dependent equation could be applied and fitted to the experimental results of KFeSe and LaSrCuO superconductors. After that, numerical calculations were applied to find the shape of the Fermi surface, which is an important component within the band structure. It was found that the anisotropy of the Fermi surface for each band structure was affected by the upper critical magnetic field and the surface critical magnetic field to the upper critical magnetic field of the superconductors. The second-order polynomial temperature-dependent model can be applied to other superconductors to predict the surface and upper critical magnetic fields.

Molecular simulation on the effect of formation depth on methane adsorption by clay minerals

Shale gas is an unconventional natural gas with large reserves. Recently, its production has increased rapidly, significantly impacting the international gas market and global energy landscape. In addition to organic matter and quartz, clay minerals constitute the majority of shale, and their production activities are effectively guided by evaluating their shale gas adsorption capabilities. To explore shale gas reserves and model their distribution, the variation in shale gas content with formation depth should be investigated. Currently, experimental methods are used to evaluate the effect of formation depth on shale gas adsorption, the data are substituted into a theoretical model, and the resulting mathematical model is used to estimate the variation in methane adsorption with formation depth, considering only temperature and pressure. However, the experimental method is flawed, and the true adsorption content cannot be obtained. The absolute methane adsorption amount was calculated using molecular dynamics and the grand-canonical Monte Carlo method for the corresponding temperature and pressure conditions. The supercritical Dubinin–Radushkevich (SDR) equation was fitted, yielding a temperature-dependent equation for the SDR parameter. Shale gas adsorption can be predicted using the developed mathematical model based on formation depth and temperature–pressure gradient.

Temperature requirements of Colletotrichum spp. belonging to different clades.

The fungal genus Colletotrichum includes plant pathogens that cause substantial economic damage to horticultural, ornamental, and fruit tree crops worldwide. Here, we conducted a systematic literature review to retrieve and analyze the metadata on the influence of temperature on four biological processes: (i) mycelial growth, (ii) conidial germination, (iii) infection by conidia, and (iv) sporulation. The literature review considered 118 papers (selected from a total of 1,641 papers found with the literature search), 19 Colletotrichum species belonging to eight clades (acutatum, graminicola, destructivum, coccodes, dematium, gloeosporioides, and orbiculare), and 27 host plants (alfalfa, almond, apple, azalea, banana, barley, bathurst burr, blueberry, celery, chilli, coffee, corn, cotton, cowpea, grape, guava, jointvetch, lentil, lupin, olive, onion, snap bean, spinach, strawberry, tomato, watermelon, and white bean). We used the metadata to develop temperature-dependent equations representing the effect of temperature on the biological processes for the different clades and species. Inter- and intra-clades similarities and differences are analyzed and discussed. A multi-factor cluster analysis identified four groups of clades with similar temperature dependencies. The results should facilitate further research on the biology and epidemiology of Colletotrichum species and should also contribute to the development of models for the management of anthracnose diseases.

Molecular dynamics investigation of xenon, uranium, and oxygen diffusion in UO2 nuclear fuel

In this paper, atomistic simulations based on molecular dynamics (MD) are used to calculate the diffusion coefficients of xenon, uranium and oxygen in uranium dioxide containing different percentages of xenon atoms replaced by uranium from 2%Xe to 10%Xe at ten temperatures between 300 and 2500 K (covering three temperature regimes of athermal, intermediate and intrinsic). Since we did not take the irradiation conditions into account in the simulations, the calculated diffusion coefficients are “out-of-pile”. Initially, the validity of the interatomic potential was performed by calculating the formation energies of interstitial, vacancy, Frankel and Schottky defects by using molecular statics (MS) simulations. Then, the migration energies of Xe/U/O based on considering various mechanisms were obtained by employing the Nudge Elastic Band (NEB) method. The results were generally in good agreement with those reported in the literature and the potential was validated. The simulations of UO2 containing different percentages of xenon (percentage of replacement of uranium atoms with xenon atoms) from 2 to 10 showed that with increasing the xenon percentage, the number of xenon clusters, cluster size, and radius of gyration considerably increases, and bubble nucleation was considerable in the case of 10%Xe. Then, by determining the slope of the mean square displacements, diffusion coefficients of xenon, uranium and oxygen were obtained. The results showed that they are both temperature-dependent and also dependent on the percentage of xenon (which was previously assumed to be independent of concentration). In the end, three temperature and xenon percentage dependent equations were proposed for the diffusion coefficients of xenon, uranium and oxygen. Finally, by applying a reduction factor (constant) to the diffusion coefficients, they were compared with experimental data available in the literature and significant satisfaction was obtained.

Volume properties of the ternary systems (LiCl + LiB5O8 + H2O) and (Li2SO4 + LiB5O8 + H2O) from 283.15 to 363.15 K and 101.325 kPa

In this study, densities of the two ternary aqueous solution systems (LiB5O8 + LiCl + H2O) and (LiB5O8 + Li2SO4 + H2O) were measured using an accurate digital vibrating-tube densimeter from 283.15 to 363.15 K at an interval of 5 K and 101.325 kPa. B5O8- in aqueous solution was in the form of [B5O6(OH)4]-. Therefore, the complex aqueous solution of LiB5O8 is in the form of Li[B5O6(OH)4]. Subsequently, the mean apparent molar volume (VΦθ) and mixing ion-interaction parameters (θa,a′v and Ψc,a,a′v, c = Li+, a = B5O6(OH)4-, a′= Cl- or SO42-) against temperature were obtained using the Pitzer equation for the first time. And then, the temperature-dependence equations for the Pitzer mixing ion-interaction parameters and the relevant temperature correlation coefficients of the equation aj, i.e. [f (ai, T) = a1 + a2ln(T/298.15) + a3(T − 298.15) + a4/(620 − T) + a5/(T − 227)] were also obtained through the least square fitting. These volumetric properties and parameterization Pitzer parameters obtained in this work could hopefully be used for the quantitatively predictive calculation of the physicochemical properties of the mixed electrolytes containing lithium, chloride, and sulfate ions at any temperature.

High purity CO2 from direct air capture using a single TVSA cycle with Na-X zeolites

The capture and concentration of 0.04% CO2 from a dry ambient air stream by temperature vacuum swing adsorption (TVSA) was investigated in order to produce high purity CO2. Initial investigation into the pure gas adsorption included the determination of CO2, N2, O2, and Ar adsorption isotherms with Na-X zeolite and their fit to the temperature dependent Toth isotherm model equation. These studies allowed for the evaluation of the TVSA cycle and showed the potential of reducing the pressure and/or elevating the temperature during the blowdown step in order to produce high purity CO2. Fixed bed adsorption desorption breakthrough curves for TVSA cycle were obtained to investigate the pressure and temperature effects on the blowdown step. High purity CO2 was experimentally produced between a concentration of 99.5% and 99.96% by lowering the blowdown pressure. By controlling the blowdown temperature, the concentration of the product was increased from 99.8% to 99.95%, however with a significant loss of CO2. This effect of N2, O2, and Ar desorbing during the blowdown step with CO2 desorbing during the evacuation step is shown graphically by measuring the concentration and flow rate of the exiting gas species. The results from this study show the potential for producing a valuable product of high purity CO2 from atmospheric concentrations, which can be used in many applications, particularly ones where CO2 infrastructure does not exist or where there is a burden in utilizing a CO2 cylinder.

Optimisation based 3-dimensional polynomial regression to represent lithium-ion battery's open circuit voltage as function of state of charge and temperature

An accurate representation of Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) as a function of State of Charge (SoC) and temperature is a vital component of Battery Management System (BMS). The conventional representation of OCV through either look up table or temperature dependent equations requires enormous memory. In this article a novel approach of representing the OCV with a three dimensional polynomial equation through optimization based regression analysis is presented. The OCV of the cell is obtained from the incremental OCV test data performed at three different temperatures 0 °C, 25 °C and 45 °C. These experimental data of OCV is subjected to optimization based regression algorithms. The present study compares various optimization algorithms for three dimensional regressions through statistical parameters such as RMSE, MAE and Variance. Differential Evolution provides the least RMSE of 1.48 × 10−2, 1.34 × 10−2 and 0.37 × 10−2 for Charging, Discharging and Average OCV with a reduced MAE and variance which is in order of 10−9 and 10−5. It also provides optimised output in only 178 iterations which is lower than other algorithms considered in the article. The memory requirement of the proposed methodology of representation is of 30 bytes irrespective of number of data points. The computational time is reduced by ‘3P + 1’ cycles where P is the time taken for computing a power term in an ECU. Therefore, the comparison of the proposed methodology for three dimensional OCV representation with aforementioned methods reveals reduction of memory requirement and computational complexity in BMS.

Impact of extreme spins and mass ratios on the post-merger observables of high-mass binary neutron stars

ABSTRACTThe gravitational-wave events GW170817 and GW190425 have led to a number of important insights on the equation of state of dense matter and the properties of neutron stars, such as their radii and the maximum mass. Some of these conclusions have been drawn on the basis of numerical-relativity simulations of binary neutron-star mergers with vanishing initial spins. While this may be a reasonable assumption in equal-mass systems, it may be violated in the presence of large mass asymmetries accompanied by the presence of high spins. To quantify the impact of high spins on multimessenger gravitational-wave events, we have carried out a series of high-mass binary neutron-star mergers with a highly spinning primary star and large mass asymmetries that have been modelled self-consistently using two temperature-dependent equations of state. We show that, when compared with equal-mass, irrotational binaries, these systems can lead to significant differences in the remnant lifetime, in the dynamical ejecta, in the remnant disc masses, in the secular ejecta, and on the bulk kilonova properties. These differences could be exploited to remove the degeneracy between low- and high-spin priors in the detection of gravitational waves from binary neutron-star mergers.

The non-relativistic and relativistic quantum theory with temperature

In this paper, we have proposed the non-Hermitian theory of quantum thermodynamics, and given the quantum thermodynamics equations, including non-relativistic and relativistic quantum theory with temperature, i.e., the temperature-dependent schrodinger equation, Dirac equation and photon equation. We give the solution of wave function and energy level with temperature, and introduced the temperature constant T0, which should be determined by the atom or molecule spectrum experiments. PACS: 03.65.-w, 05.70.Ce, 05.30.Rt.

Anomalous aggregation regimes of temperature-dependent Smoluchowski equations

Temperature-dependent Smoluchowski equationsdescribe the ballistic agglomeration. In contrast to the standard Smoluchowski equationsfor the evolution of cluster densities, with constant rate coefficients, the temperature-dependent equationsdescribe both-the evolution of the densities as well as cluster temperatures, which determine the agglomeration rates. To solve these equations, we develop a Monte Carlo technique based on the low-rank approximation for the aggregation kernel. Using this highly effective approach, we perform a comprehensive study of the kinetic phase diagram of the system and reveal a few surprising regimes, including permanent temperature growth and "density separation" regime, with a large gap in the size distribution for middle-size clusters. We perform scaling analysis and classify the aggregation kernels for the temperature-dependent equations. Furthermore, we conjecture the lack of gelation in such systems. The results of the scaling theory agree well with the simulation data.

Drying kinetics and mathematical modelling of Arundo donax L. canes, a potential renewable fuel

Arundo donax L. is an energy crop with the potential use as a renewable fuel. This study focused on the drying process of the canes in field and laboratory conditions to determine the effect of the harvest conditioning on the kinetics parameters of whole and slashed canes. The lab drying test was conducted in a thin layer dryer at temperatures between 30 and 80 °C and a 0.5 m·s<sup>–1</sup> air velocity. The whole and slashed canes showed faster water evaporation rates as the temperature increased, but the slashed canes achieved a lower final moisture content in a shorter time. The effective diffusion coefficient varied between 3.67 × 10<sup>–12</sup> and 1.28 × 10<sup>–11</sup> m<sup>2</sup>·s<sup>–1</sup> and showed a significant effect of the temperature, but not between samples; its temperature dependence was determined by the Arrhenius equation giving activation energies of 24.4 and 20.2 kJ·mol<sup>–1</sup> for the whole and slashed canes respectively, not significantly different. The modelling of the experimental drying data to six thin layer drying models achieved good performance (R<sup>2</sup> > 95.9%), although the Logarithmic model showed the best fit for both samples (R<sup>2</sup> > 99.4%). In addition, a temperature dependent equation for the drying constant was included in the Logarithmic model for the whole and slashed canes which predicted with good performance (R<sup>2</sup> > 97%) the moisture loss. The developed tools constitute an adequate model for the simulation of the drying process of Arundo donax L. that could be useful for the design of various equipment and systems.

Correlation of solubility data and solution properties of chlorzoxazone in pure solvents

The accurate determination of solubility of an active pharmaceutical ingredient in a solvent is essential for the design and development of the purification process. The solubility of chlorzoxazone (CHZ) in the pure solvents such as isopropanol, ethyl acetate, 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, and toluene are determined in the temperature range of 278.15 to 333.15 K by shake-flask method at a pressure of 101.2 kPa. The solubility of CHZ in selected solvents is found to increase with temperature. The solubility of CHZ is maximum in 2-ethoxyethyl acetate and minimum in toluene. The mole fraction (x1) solubility of CHZ is correlated with four semi-empirical temperature dependent equations such as the modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, van’t Hoff equation, and non-random two liquid (NRTL) equation. The maximum root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and relative average deviation (RAD) predicted via four thermodynamic models are 528.80 ×10−4 and 1.146 ×10−2 respectively. The modified Apelblat equation shows a better fit with experimental values for solubility of CHZ. The R2 value obtained from the modified Apelblat equation is >0.99 and the values of RMSD and RAD are smaller for all the selected solvents. The thermodynamic energy properties of the solution are calculated using the van't Hoff equation. The obtained values ΔHm, ΔSm and ΔGm are found to be positive which indicates the dissolution process is an endothermic and entropy-driven process.