Temperature Control Unit Research Articles

Design and research of a total-auxiliary-system (TAS) for temperature and humidity control of underwater data center

ABSTRACT Underwater data centers, with their low energy use, cost, and latency, are seen as the future of data centers. This paper designs a Total Auxiliary System (TAS) for underwater data centers, including temperature and humidity control unit, biofouling prevention, and seawater corrosion prevention. In this paper, a model for the temperature and humidity control unit was developed, and key parameters such as heat load, specific moisture extraction rate (SMER), coefficient of performance (COP), and dehumidification volume were simulated. The effectiveness of the cooling performance was verified using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The system design also includes biofouling prevention via electric pulse and seawater corrosion prevention using cathodic protection with plastic coating and applied current. Calculations and verifications show that this system reduces energy consumption and ensures the long-term stable operation of underwater data centers.

Isothermal Amplification Using Temperature-Controlled Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection-Based Portable Field-Testing Platform.

Sensitive magnetic nucleic acid (NA) detection via frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) requires amplified NA samples for which a reliable temperature control is necessary. The feasibility of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) was studied within a newly integrated temperature-controlled sensor unit of a mobile FMMD based setup. It has been demonstrated that the inherently generated heat of the low frequency (LF) excitation signal of FMMD can be utilized and controlled by means of pulse width modulation (PWM). To test control performance in a point of care (PoC) setting with changing ambient conditions, a steady state and dynamic response model for the thermal behavior at the sample position of the sensor were developed. We confirmed that in the sensor unit of the FMMD device, RPA performs similar as in a temperature-controlled water bath. For narrow steady state temperature regions, a linear extrapolation suffices for estimation of the sample position temperature, based on the temperature feedback sensor for PWM control. For any other ambient conditions, we identified and validated a lumped parameter model (LPM) performing with high estimation accuracy. We expect that the method can be used for NA amplification and magnetic detection using FMMD in resource-limited settings.

Experiment and model results of a first bidirectional active temperature control module with metal hydrides for a fuel cell

Many temperature control techniques are based on active heating and passive cooling and thus have a lack of active bidirectional controllability. Whereas, several applications need a precise bidirectional temperature control. The present study demonstrates a novel bidirectional and active temperature control unit (TCU). This unit heats and cools a fluid with the reversible reaction between metals and hydrogen. The reaction of metal hydrides is characterized by a pressure temperature correlation. Hence, the thermal power and the temperature can be regulated by the gas pressure in the TCU. This enables temperature controllers with the pressure as actuating variable on the metal hydride. In this study, an existing LaNi5 reactor is modelled as 0D model. A PID controller is implemented in the simulation and in the experimental setup to stabilize the temperature with the regulation of the pressure in the reactor. Results from experiment and simulation show the stabilization of the temperature.

Compact organ-tissue electrophoresis system (CORES).

Electrophoretic tissue clearing has been a commonly used laboratory method since the early twentieth century. Infrastructure for standard procedures has yet to be formed. In particular, control of the heat produced by electrophoresis, the voltage applied to the electrodes, the resistance, and the speed of liquid circulation create difficulty for researchers. We aimed to develop a compact organ electrophoresis system that enables the researcher to have easy, rapid, and inexpensive working opportunities. The system includes an electronic control unit, a liquid tank, a temperature control unit, and an electrophoresis chamber. The control unit software can keep the system stable by using information on temperature and circulation rate received through the sensors using the feedback principle. Corrosion and particle collection are reduced to a minimum as platinum wires are used for electrophoresis electrodes. A temperature control unit can heat and cool via a liquid tank base. The CORES is an all-in-one, easy-to-use solution for electrophoretic tissue clearing. It assures efficient, rapid, and consistent tissue clearing. The system was stable with 72 h of continuous operation. Patent applications and trial version studies for introducing the system to researchers are still in progress.

ANALISA KERUSAKAN POMPA OLI TEMPERATURE CONTROL UNIT PADA MESIN LONGITUDINAL STRECHER DITINJAU DARI KERUGIAN BIAYA PRODUKSI DI PT. POLIDAYAGUNA PERKASA UNGARAN

A pump is a machine that functions to move fluids by converting mechanical energy into fluid energy and pressure, transporting fluids through a piping system. Head, flow, efficiency, performance and performance are the main concerns for centrifugal pumps, these aspects can be used as benchmarks in choosing the type of pump that suits your needs. Damage to the TCU oil pump is caused by bearing damage due to lack of lubrication, shaft wear, damage to the couple and rubber couple, leaks in pipes and valves, leaks in the and pump mechanical seal. Various designs and configurations of centrifugal pumps have been carried out, both experimentally and in simulations with various configurations and variations. In short, this research will examine damage to the oil pump temperature control unit on longitudinal stretcher machines in terms of production cost losses at PT. POLYDAYAGUNA PERKASA Ungaran with a mathematical analysis approach. The research results show that the estimated loss in production costs due to damage to the TCU oil pump with within 6 months is IDR. 600,000,000,- and Rp. 120,000,000,- for pumps with mechanical seals. Estimated production cost losses for oil pumps with mechanical seals are highly recommended for use on longitudinal stretching machines because they are more efficient, but there must be further development.

Using the Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) Method to Minimize Machine Setup Time: A Case Study

PT. GTC is a company that produces automobile tubes facing problems with an increase in demand of up to 20% from the previous year. From 4 existing divisions named mixing, extruding, splicing, and curing, it was found that the extruding division was unable to meet the production targets set by the company. There are several causes, including high setup time. This research aims to reduce setup time by applying the Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) method to the production process in the extruding machine-1 that produces automobile tube sizes 5.50-13 and 7.00-14. Converting activities no. 2, 3, and 14 from internal activities to external activities, changing the layout of the die, core, and adjuster key storage table, dies unification, and installing a Temperature Control Unit to control steam to the extruder head can reduce setup time from 45 minutes to 22 minutes or 51% from the initial setup time. These improvements succeeded in increasing the productivity of the extruding division up to 93.9% in January 2023. Keywords: single-minute exchange of die, SMED, setup time, production achievement, unification

Temperature Effects on Atterberg Limits

This study aims to investigate the effects of temperature on Atterberg limits of fine-grained soils with different mineralogies using fall cone tests. It is found in the literature that Atterberg limits are dependent on the clay mineralogy [1, 2] and are subjected to change upon an increase in temperature [3-5]. Measurements of liquid limit at different temperatures reveal sodium smectite is more sensitive to temperature than kaolinite. This observation is justified by relating the evolution of liquid limit to the initial changes of total specific surface areas associated with the physicochemical activity and inter-particle contacts [6]. Measurement of Atterberg limits using the conventional methods of Casagrande’s cup and threading is not very practical when the impact of temperature on these parameters is investigated. The trial and error associated with this method and the time they take may hinder a robust estimation of the liquid and plastic limit. Various studies have shown that Atterberg limits measured using Cone Penetration Test are less subjective and more consistent compared to traditional ways [7-9]. For these reasons, utilizing a Fall Cone Test apparatus and a temperature control unit facilitates the investigation of the impact of temperature on Atterberg limits. In this study, first, the liquid limits measured at room temperature by Fall Cone and Casagrande’s method are compared, and then Cone Penetration is utilized to investigate the evolution of liquid limit with temperature.
 Rhassoul Clay (29.4% Illite, 0.10% Kaolinite, 70.5% montmorillonite) and Illite Clay are considered in this study. The measured penetration values of the cone against moisture content at room temperature for these two clays are plotted in Figure 1. The liquid limit is the water content at which the cone penetrates 20mm into the soil in the cup [10]. Accordingly, Table 1 lists the determined liquid fall cone test and their deviation for the measured Atterberg limits using Casagrande’s cup. This comparison was performed to ensure that the difference between these two methods is not significant and the utilized device was accurate enough.
 To determine the Atterberg limits at higher temperatures (40 °C and 50 °C) and lower temperatures (10 °C), a temperature control unit is used to maintain the temperature of the soil sample during fall cone testing. For this purpose, first, the cup was filled with soil and then wrapped to avoid moisture migration in and out of the sample. The sample was then placed inside the temperature controller for an hour at the desired temperature. After one hour, the sample was swiftly unwrapped, and Cone Penetration test was performed. After the penetration a thermometer was used to measure the temperature at the center of the cup. This measurement showed that the alteration of temperature during the whole process is less than 1°C. Next, more water was added to the batch and then the same steps were followed until enough data points were obtained to estimate the liquid limit. The result of these tests allows for an assessment of temperature effects on Atterberg limits, which would be helpful in the understanding of the influence of temperature on different shear strength parameters of fine-grained soil with regards to their mineralogy.
 Table 2 lists the measured liquid limit values for Rhassoul Clay and Illite clay at different temperatures. The results suggest that the liquid limit of Illite is temperature independent. On the other hand, Rhassoul clay liquid limits was more sensitive to elevated temperatures and did not change with cooling. As mentioned earlier, the liquid limit is directly associated with clay mineralogy and the thermal alteration of soil characteristics [11, 12]. Therefore, the observed thermally-induced change in liquid limit should be discussed with respect to mineralogy. According to Table 1, the Illite liquid limit is temperature independent. Furthermore, Rhassoul clay comprises 70.5% montmorillonite minerals and 29.4% Illite. Providing this and the observed sensitivity of Rhassoul clay to temperature change can be attributed to the montmorillonite constituent. This argument can be further supported by testing more clays with different percentages of montmorillonite and illite.

A facile heat-treatment solid phase microextraction method for SERS detection of isocarbophos in tea using a hand-held Raman spectrometer.

A facile sensor system based on heat-treatment solid phase microextraction and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (HT-SPME-SERS) was established for in-situ detection of isocarbophos in complex tea matrix. Starting from the action optimization of temperature control unit and air flow control unit, pesticide molecules volatilizing from solution are efficiently captured by substrate and generate real-time SERS signals by a hand-held Raman spectrometer, and the sensor system based on HT-SPME-SERS was finally established. A novel SERS substrate of Cu@rGO@Ag was developed as HT-SPME-SERS material, where reduced graphene oxide (rGO) enriched pesticide molecules by π-π stacking. A superior detection sensitivity brought by the ultra-high enhancement effect of Cu@rGO@Ag substrate was obtained. A good linear relationship between Raman intensity and isocarbophos concentration was obtained and the limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 0.00451ppm. The detection results obtained from the sensor system have been verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), showing its great application potential for the safety of agricultural products.

Continuous gradient temperature control of microfluidic chip based on thermoelectric cooler

High-efficiency and accurate temperature control is the key to the application of microfluidic technology in biology, chemistry and medicine fields. At present, gradient temperature control of microfluidic chip in a wide range below room temperature still faces challenges. Based on a microfluidic platform of double emulsion droplets, this study builds a temperature control system and attempts to achieve continuous gradient temperature control on time scale of microfluidics based on thermoelectric cooler. Temperature control unit is designed and relevant control strategies are discussed to achieve accurate temperature control. Meanwhile, the strategy to achieve continuous gradient temperature control of microfluidic chip is mainly explored. Finally, combining with the working characteristics of thermoelectric cooler, continuous gradient temperature control of microfluidic chip is experimentally realized based on adaptive fuzzy PID control, while PID control shows remarkable overshoot, deviation and oscillation. Moreover, small gradient temperature control from 10 °C down to −15 °C, −20 °C and then −25 °C is precisely realized by using adaptive fuzzy PID control, as well as large gradient temperature control from 20 °C down to 0 °C and then −20 °C. Specifically, the maximum deviation of temperature is 0.192 °C in small gradient temperature control, and the steady state error is within ±0.07 °C. In large gradient temperature control, the maximum deviation of temperature is 0.309 °C, and the steady state error was within ±0.1 °C. This study provides diversified temperature control in a wide range for microfluidic analysis.

Performance analysis and structure optimization for concentrated photovoltaic-phase change material-thermoelectric system in space conditions

High-efficient thermal management is urgently needed for concentrated photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid system due to the high heat flux. In present paper, a three-dimensional model for the hybrid system in outer space conditions was established by coupling phase change temperature control and radiation heat sink technologies to find the propriate thermal management scheme. Firstly, the three shortcomings in the typical hybrid system were proposed and their adverse effects on efficiency were elucidated. Then, a heat transfer pillar for temperature control unit and a newly designed circular fins for heat sink were designed. The effects of structure parameters on power generation performance were investigated, and the interaction between temperature control unit and heat sink were discussed. The results show that the hybrid systems with the newly designed heat transfer pillar and circular fins have higher efficiency. After that, a united structure optimization by artificial neural network-multi-objective genetic algorithm was performed to solve the interaction and to balance the electrical efficiency and power density of hybrid system. The comprehensive power generation performance of hybrid system can be further improved after the optimization. The system with PCM thickness dPCM = 6.33 mm, heat transfer pillar width a = 18.19 mm, fin length L = 49.99 mm and fin radius R = 50 mm, has the maximum average total efficiency (31.83%, 2.98% higher than the typical system); the system with dPCM = 3.02 mm, a = 10.05 mm, L = 47.03 mm and R = 25.86 mm, has the maximum average power density (36.97 W/kg, 15.78% higher than the typical system).

A parametric study and performance investigation of thermoelectric refrigeration system using computational fluid dynamics

Global commercial market forecasted around 45 billion US dollars for refrigeration equipment in 2021. Currently used refrigerants have high global warming potential (GWP); hence, environment-friendly refrigeration system using the Peltier effect is being considered for this research. The thermodynamic refrigeration system has a low coefficient of performance (COP), when compared to chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hydrofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigeration systems. The design of various models of the thermoelectric refrigerator (TER) is created using ANSYS workbench. Each new design is analysed with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis tool by altering insulating materials such as nickel with aluminium foil and polyurethane foam in airflow streamline of thermoelectric refrigeration. Temperature differences obtained between 7.5 and 9.4 °C are tabulated after each run using the finite volume method. Optimization of inner design and insulation material is done by using computational fluid dynamics analysis in the ANSYS FLUENT software. The results of sharp edge design have proved better when compared to partially round edge design and fillet design, 7.85 °C for the cold region and 54.85 °C for the hot region. Further research is expected using the multistage Peltier module and smart temperature control unit to improve the COP of the TER system.

Performance studies of a solar thermal-electric hybrid desalination system: 4E (energy-exergy-economics-enviroeconomics) analysis.

In this work, a hybrid desalination system uses solar thermal-electric clean energy to maximize production and consistency through optimum temperature management to deliver clean water for good health. It is an effort in the direction of aligning with few of UN's sustainable developmental goals. BIPV system-powered thermoelectric modules boost evaporation and condensation rates in a unique bio-inspired butterfly roof design-based twin wedge solar still (TWSS). A microcontroller-based temperature control unit (TCU) regulates and maintains the hybrid system to provide practically constant higher yields. To understand system performance, 3days of testing has been carried out. Average yield, energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, cost per liter of freshwater, and payback period of hybrid TWSS (hTWSS) and passive TWSS over 15years are 8.64l/m2/day, 61.93, 9.05, and 0.116 $/l in 44months, and 1.3l/m2/day, 23.06, 1.26, 0.068 $/l in 20months. The hTWSS mitigated 5.1 tons and TWSS 59.6 tons of CO2. This hybrid technology utilizes clean energy to deliver clean water and electricity in green energy buildings with a small footprint. As a futuristic work, AI and machine learning are suggested to be used to enhance and commercialize this solar still desalination method.

Dynamic thermal model and control performance analysis over frequency domain of temperature control unit

The temperature control unit (TCU) is widely used in lithography tools or other precision equipment to achieve a high level of temperature stability. Still, there is no systematic analysis of the thermal model in the present study about how to build a precise TCU. In this paper, we provide a new perspective for analyzing the outlet temperature performance of TCU. We analyzed the thermal model of TCU’s sub-devices and thermal model of environmental disturbance over the frequency domain, then obtained the influence of different processes on the TCU output temperature at different frequencies. The above thermal models are brought into two commonly used process control frameworks to comprehensively consider the temperature control effect under the combination of control and hardware. The relationship expressions from the temperature spectrum performance to the fluctuation index are derived to obtain the quantitative TCU temperature performance. We built a TCU experimental platform with the water medium and verified the accuracy of TCU thermal models, thermal disturbance models, and the accuracy of temperature fluctuation index derivation, all within a 5% error. The TCU temperature accuracy reaches ± 1mk under one sigma statistics as a thermal engineering application case.

The use of a microcontroller as part of a device for measuring humidity using the thermogravimetric method

The use of a microcontroller as part of a device for measuring humidity using the thermogravimetric method is considered. The main nodes of the device have been designed, in which the microcontroller receives and processes information from them, and also controls these nodes. They use various microcontroller capabilities, including several data transfer interfaces: I2C, SPI, etc. A built-in analog-to-digital converter is used. The power control unit allows you to flexibly set the required heater power in the device. A unit has been created to control the mass of a material sample in the drying chamber of the device, which provides an accurate measurement of the mass of the substance. The temperature control unit allows the microcontroller to evaluate the material drying parameters and select the operating mode of the power regulator. The performance of the designed units was tested. It is noted that they can be used in a device for measuring humidity using the thermogravimetric method under the control of a single microcontroller.

Smart control system for the precision cultivation of black fungus

Black fungus, with high nutritional and medicinal value, has been cultivated in China for a long time, and Heilongjiang alone accounts for about 40% of the global output. At present, the cultivation of black fungus derives mainly from the inheritance of relatively primitive practices and experience of farmers, resulting in inconsistent quality of fungus. In this study, a smart control system for the precision cultivation of black fungus was designed by using intelligent detection and control technology. The system includes a precision culture test environment and remote control system. The precision cultivation environment contains four sub-independent environments. The key parameters such as temperature, humidity, and light behavior were collected and can be adjusted individually, according to the precision cultivation stages. The intelligent remote control system included a controller cabinet, sensors unit, temperature control unit, humidity control unit, light control unit, and information transmitting unit. The controller cabinet includes a key controller which can auto-control the temperature, humidity, and lightly adjust components according to the precision cultivation conditions and processing. The temperature sensors were installed in a 3D array close to the fungus bags about 5 cm in rooms. The light tape was installed on the six walls and also had three colors (Red, Blue, and Green) which could be controlled independently in each room. The control strategy through the analysis of the data collected by all sensors, the current cultivate situation of the cultivation environment was obtained, and the heater, fan, light, and nozzle were regulated according to the strategy to maintain a suitable precision cultivation environment for fungus. To verify the feasibility of the precision cultivation processing and control system, the test result shows that the error of temperature control was about 0°C-1°C, the error of humidity control was about 1%-4%, and the error of illuminance control was about 0-50 lx; All the verification results show that the control system for precision cultivation has high precision and can meet the needs of exploring the "Black 29" fungus cultivation experiment environment. Based on the orthogonal experiment, the best combination of the temperature and humidity for each growth stage was also investigated in this study, further proving the reliability and feasibility of the control system for the precision cultivation of Auricularia auricula. Keywords: black fungus, precision cultivation, smart control system, growth environment, remote control system, sensor DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231601.6257 Citation: Jiang Y C, Li J J, Li Y, Li S D, Song X, Wu H Y, et al. Smart control system for the precision cultivation of black fungus. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(1): 193–202.

Design of Portable Self-Oscillating VCSEL-Pumped Cesium Atomic Magnetometer

With the demand for fast response of magnetic field measurement and the development of laser diode technology, self-oscillating laser-pumped atomic magnetometers have become a new development trend. In this work, we designed a portable self-oscillating VCSEL-pumped Cs atom magnetometer, including the probe (optical path) and circuits. The signal amplification and feedback loop of the magnetometer, VCSEL laser control unit, and atomic cell temperature control unit were realized. We tested the performance of the magnetometer in the metering station. Finally, The performance of the VCSEL-pumped magnetometer designed in this work was compared with that of a CS-3 lamp-pumped self-oscillating atomic magnetometer; their performance was found to be mostly in the same order of magnitude, while the power consumption of our magnetometer was 3 W less than that of the CS-3. This work represents an exploratory attempt to integrate and miniaturize a portable self-oscillating VCSEL-pumped Cs atomic magnetometer.

Membrane Feeding Devices to Blood Feed Mosquitoes in the Laboratory.

Husbandry protocols for medically important mosquito species in the laboratory have the blood feeding procedure as an inherent step in the maintenance routine for egg production. Artificial feeders have become the main solution for delivering blood meals to these hematophagous insects, circumventing the need for vertebrate hosts. Mimicking the skin, these devices both heat the blood and hold a membrane through which the blood can be ingested by mosquitoes. Several commercial and noncommercial artificial mosquito feeders are available, but obstacles like high cost and complex assembly can restrict their routine use. To address this issue, a number of feeders have been designed that can be built with common materials found in the laboratory. They are cheaper and more accessible, but the absence of built-in temperature control and heating units can limit their efficacy. One of the most accessible mosquito feeders is the Glytube. It consists of a 50-mL conical centrifuge tube with heated glycerol that delivers blood through a membrane. The Glytube has been used successfully to model mosquito blood feeding. Recently, 3D printing has emerged as an alternative method to create customized artificial feeders. This technology is expected to facilitate access to and reduce the cost of these devices with open-source 3D model files that can be shared among laboratories maintaining mosquitoes worldwide.

Screening of mixing parameters based on their significance on the extent of silanization and energy consumption of silica‐filled S‐SBR elastomer compounds for fuel‐saving tyre application

AbstractIncreasingly stringent in demand for a fuel‐saving tyre with low rolling resistance, the application of silica filler is governing the tyre industry day by day. Unlike carbon black filled rubber compound, silica compound is rather complicated as it demands, a reactive mixing where, mixing parameters of internal mixer play a vital role in the degree of silanization reaction. In this paper, a design of experiments (DOE) is carried out to screen the factors that significantly affect the silanization reaction during mixing. Taguchi method with L18 orthogonal array is employed to determine the significance of mixing parameters on the degree of silanization reaction. To quantify the significance of each mixing parameter on silanization, such as mixing temperature, mixing time, fill factor, feed door condition, ram pressure, and temperature control unit of Banbury mixer are explored. Key properties like Tan δ at 60°C, reinforcement index, and Payne effect (∆G') are considered responses for the DOE. It was observed that the silanization temperature and time were the most influencing factor in silanization using the contribution plot. In contrast, ram pressure and feed door condition have the least significance on the degree of silanization.

Thermodynamic Characterization of a Highly Transparent Microfluidic Chip with Multiple On-Chip Temperature Control Units

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a functional material with great transparency, machinability, electrical conductivity and thermo–sensitivity. Based on its excellent thermoelectric performance, we designed and fabricated a multilayer transparent microfluidic chip with multiple sets of on–chip heating, local temperature measurement and positive on–chip cooling function units. Temperature control plays a significant role in microfluidic approaches, especially in the devices that are designed for bioengineering, chemical synthesis and disease detection. The transparency of the chip contributes to achieve the real–time observation of fluid flow and optical detection. The chip consists of a temperature control layer made with an etched ITO deposited glass, a PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) fluid layer, a PDMS cooling and flow control layer. The performances of the ITO on–chip microheaters, ITO on–chip temperature sensors and two coolants were tested and analyzed in different working conditions. The positive on–chip heating and cooling were proved to be area-specific under a large temperature–regulating range. This PDMS–ITO–glass based chip could be applied to both temporal and spatial stable temperature–regulating principles for various purposes.

Enhancing Freshwater Productivity of Twin Wedge Solar Still by Temperature Control Through Thermoelectric Sensors and Modules

Solar stills are zero-emission water desalination devices that utilize the abundantly available solar energy to deliver clean water. In remote locations which are deprived of electricity as well as clean and fresh water, Twin wedge solar stills (TWSS) can be utilized to desalinate saline and brackish water. The productivity of TWSS is depends on the evaporation as well as condensation rate which are subjected to the weather constraints namely, the solar energy radiation, the wind velocity along with the surrounding atmospheric temperature. Monitoring the various temperature parameters in the TWSS and controlling them enables the control of freshwater production. In this paper, the yield of TWSS is monitored and controlled using Seebeck effect-based thermoelectric K-type thermocouple sensors for temperature measurements and reverse seebeck effect based thermoelectric modules for increasing evaporation and condensation rate of the TWSS. A Temperature Control Unit (TCU) is developed to acquire the temperature sensor data and control the operation of thermoelectric modules in order to control the production of the TWSS. The TCU is powered by PV with a battery backup system for remote location operation. The productivity of the system increased from 0.69 – 1.38 liters/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> per day to 3.28 – 3.61 liters/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> per day, through proposed Temperature Control strategy through Thermoelectric sensors and modules. The proposed system is 1.4 times more profitable than TWSS equivalent to the area of proposed PV powered system.