Characteristics Of Temperature Change Research Articles

Study on the relationship between high temperature oxidation and temperature rise rate of engine oil

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between high temperature oxidation and temperature rise rate of engine oil attempted to explore a new indicator to evaluate oil degradation. Design/methodology/approach Accelerated oxidation test combined with molecular simulation and road test is carried out in this paper. The temperature rise characteristics of mineral oil and synthetic oil under different oxidation temperatures (140°C, 155°C and 170°C) and time (50 h, 100 h, 150 h and 200 h) were determined by accelerated oxidation. The mechanism of temperature change characteristics of used oils was analyzed with molecular simulation. Two experimental vehicles carried six road tests with synthetic and mineral oil. Findings The results of this study show that the temperature rise rate of oxidized mineral and synthetic oil is higher than the new oil. The temperature rise rate is proportional to the oxidation time and oxidation temperature. The synthetic engine oil temperature rise rate is lower than that of the mineral engine oil. The same result was obtained in road tests. Molecular simulation verifies that small molecules were generated after oil oxidation which results in intermolecular friction and increased heat generation. Originality/value This paper indicates that temperature rise rate has potential to be taken as an indicator to evaluate oil oxidation which provides a new way for engine oil analysis. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-05-2024-0177/

Thermal runaway evolution of a 4S4P lithium-ion battery pack induced by both overcharging and unilateral preheating

To clarify the thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion battery pack, this study has established a thermal runaway experimental platform based on actual power battery pack. A 4 in series and 4 in parallel battery pack was assembled using 86 Ah lithium iron phosphate batteries, and the experiment of thermal runaway induced by overcharging and unilateral preheating was carried out. The behavior and characteristics including the temperature change characteristics of each cell, the heat generated and transfer paths during thermal runaway propagation, the voltage changes of each serial module and the total voltage, flame evolution behavior, gas generation characteristics, debris, and mass loss were investigated. The research results show that module 1 was the first to experience thermal runaway due to preheating. The redistributed current caused the batteries in the remaining modules to rapidly generate heat. Subsequently, the heat transfer from module 1 triggered thermal runaway in modules 2, 3, and 4 in sequence. The entire flame combustion process lasted for 38 min, with the maximum temperature reaching 937.1 °C, resulting in thermal runaway in all batteries. The sequence of thermal runaway has been clarified, with the flame generated by the ignition of the battery casing, connecting tabs, and combustible gases emitted from the batteries serving as the primary paths for heat transfer and thermal radiation. The experimental results provide valuable insights into the thermal engineering issues of large-scale lithium-ion battery pack.

Experimental analysis of building envelope integrating phase change material and cool paint under a real environment in autumn

The application of phase change material (PCM) and cool paint (CP) to building envelope is one of the effective solutions to improve thermal comfort of passive buildings. Therefore, the thermal performance of buildings in Hefei, China in autumn is compared and analyzed by integrating PCM and CP into the building envelope. According to the comprehensive analysis of indoor thermal environment and the ability to maintain indoor thermal comfort, it is concluded that the combined application of PCM and CP is better than the application of PCM or CP alone. And the combination of PCM and CP laid on the south wall and roof respectively is the best. It is more suitable for commercial buildings, which can prolong indoor air temperature (Ti) in the thermal comfort zone for more than 10 h during the day. The combination of PCM and CP laid on the roof can prolong Ti in the thermal comfort zone for more than 8.05 h, which is more suitable for residential buildings. The purpose is to explore the best combination mode of residential and commercial buildings according to the characteristics of temperature change and building types (according to people's main use time) in the real environment.

Fabrication of CsPbBr3 nanocrystal/POSS-based copolymer films for non-contact temperature probes

Fluorescence-based non-contact temperature measurement has been attested a widely-used technique for temperature aware in rotating mechanical equipment, electrical devices, and other fields. Inspired by the thermal sensitivity of perovskite nanocrystals, we prepared a CsPbBr3/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-based composite film with outstanding temperature-photoluminescence (PL) dependence, high reversibility, and high hydrophobicity. Perovskites nanocrystals with controllable nanocubic and nanoplate morphologies were synthesized by adjusting the temperature. Various CsPbBr3/POSS-based composite films with different CsPbBr3 morphologies and ratios were fabricated. The CsPbBr3 nanocubic and nanoplate based films possessed high hydrophobicity, UV stability, and thermal stability. Temperature dependence experiments revealed that PL spectral parameters of CsPbBr3/POSS-based composite films had obvious temperature change characteristics attributable to the CsPbBr3 morphology. The PL intensity and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the CsPbBr3 nanoplate based film exhibited poor regularity with temperature. In contrast, the PL intensity of the CsPbBr3 nanocubic based film was related to temperature exponentially, and the FWHM had a strong linear relationship with temperature. Moreover, temperature dependence reversibility was realized for the CsPbBr3 nanocubic based film. Furthermore, the applicability of a CsPbBr3 nanocubic based temperature probe was verified by monitoring the temperature of a bearing cage on a spindle-bearing test platform. The CsPbBr3/POSS-based composites can be applied as temperature probes for non-contact temperature measurement of rotating components of mechanical equipment.

Research on spontaneous combustion characteristics and high temperature point prediction method of rectangular coal pile

ABSTRACT In order to prevent and control the spontaneous combustion phenomenon of rectangular coal pile under the coal storage and transportation scenario, the spontaneous combustion process of rectangular coal pile was simulated based on the experimental platform, the spontaneous combustion temperature change characteristics of rectangular coal pile were obtained, a coal spontaneous combustion prediction model was constructed based on the proposed prediction method. The results show that the height of the coal pile of 30 cm is a demarcation line, the temperature change of the upper measurement point is more consistent, but the lower measurement point has a greater variability, and reaches the ignition point in a shorter time, the peak temperature is higher, which further exacerbates the spontaneous combustion of the coal pile; At 3 h the coal pile formed an initial high-temperature region, and at about 14 h the pile was in a state of complete spontaneous combustion; The prediction method using temperature data from surface measurement points as model inputs is more feasible; All three models have good robustness and generalization, and the specific order of merit is GA-BP > GA-RF > GA-SVR. The study has an important guide for the safe, green and economical development of coal transportation and storage.

The evolutionary characteristics of temperature change in China during 1961–2020

AbstractThe changes of annual average, minimum and maximum temperature (Tavg, Tmin and Tmax) in China over 1961–2020 were examined based on the Chinese gridded observation dataset (CN05.1), and the relative contributions of Tmin and Tmax to the tendency of Tavg were addressed. The results show that the nationwide mean warming rate reached 0.29°C·decade−1 for Tavg, 0.39°C·decade−1 for Tmin and 0.24°C·decade−1 for Tmax, respectively, from 1961 to 2020, which depended on temporal windows. The relative contributions of Tmin and Tmax to the trends of Tavg over China during 1961–2020 are 56% and 44%, respectively. On the spatial scale, the majority of China exhibits a greater relative contribution of Tmin than Tmax, except for some areas along the Hu Huanyong Line. As in the case of the warming rate, the temporal patterns of the magnitude of the relative contribution of Tmin and Tmax are also identified. For the first 30 years (1961–1990), Tmin is the primary contributor to changes in the trend of Tavg over a broad area excluding the Qinling Mountain‐Huai River to the Nanling Mountain. The national average magnitudes of the relative contribution of Tmax is slightly larger than Tmin in the latter 30 years (1991–2020). The areas with larger contributions of Tmax are mainly scattered along Hu Huanyong Line, the southern part of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and the patchy parts of Northwest China. Changes in downward longwave radiation, solar radiation, cloud cover, land use, soil moisture, atmospheric circulation and urbanization likely accounted for much of the trend difference of Tmin and Tmax, thereby leading to various relative contributions across different regions during different periods. The warming mechanisms in China have been subjected to novel changes. The study could provide information for decision making on scientific response to warming.

Variation Characteristics of Temperature and Rainfall and Their Relationship with Geographical Factors in the Qinling Mountains

The Qinling Mountains (QMs) are considered to be the division in geology, geochemistry, and physical geography between northern China and southern China. They have crucial effects on regional climate, especially on rainfall and temperature, and have shown great scientific relevance to climate change research in China. Using the observational daily and monthly rainfall and temperature data derived from meteorological and regional automatic stations—as well as the methods of correlation analysis, climate trend analysis, and Mann–Kendal and t tests—we revealed the spatiotemporal change characteristics of temperature and rainfall and their correlation with elevation, longitude, and latitude. The results show that the annual mean temperature (AMT) underwent a significant increasing trend in the QMs. The maximum AMT increase occurred in spring, and the minimum occurred in summer. Positive anomalies of annual mean rainfall amount (AMRA) occurred in the 1960s, 1980s, and 2010s, and negative anomalies occurred in the 1970s, 1990s, and 2000s. In the QMs, the amount of moderate rainfall (MR) occupied the maximum proportion and accounted for 27.9% of the AMRA, whereas the torrential rainfall (TR) occupied the minimum proportion and accounted for 12.8%. The AMRA amount significantly decreased by 130.1 mm from the 1980s to the 1990s and accounted for 13.5% of the measure in the 1980s. The AMT and AMRA showed consistent change trends with increases in elevation and latitude and showed the opposite trend as the longitude increased. The results offer a further understanding of the meteorological background of the QMs, helping us in further investigating the potential physical mechanisms that influence the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of temperature and rainfall in the QMs. This study will provide a scientific basis for rainfall and temperature forecasts, with relevance to local ecosystems, agriculture, soil erosion, and the prevention and mitigation of floods in the future.

Variation Trend and Abrupt Change in Temperature Around Hongze Lake from 1981 to 2020

In global warming, the influence of lakes on climate change in surrounding areas has attracted extensive attention from many scholars. Based on 40 years of observation of the daily mean temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature of 16 meteorological observation stations around Hongze Lake, we analyzed the trend and characteristics of temperature change in the area around Hongze Lake from 1981 to 2020. The Mann-Kendall trend analysis method and mutation detection method were used for the analysis. The daily mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures have fluctuated but increased. The daily minimum temperature showed the largest increase (0.55℃/10 years). The daily mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures changed significantly with the seasonal variation, and the warming trend in spring was most significantly observed, followed by those in winter and summer. The historic increase in temperature in autumn was the least significant. The abrupt change points of daily mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures were observed in 1996. Fluctuation became more severe and frequent after such abrupt changes. The increase in temperature in seasons was significant before and after 1998. The abrupt change air temperature of Hongze Lake was observed most frequently in winter, followed by autumn but in spring and summer, there were no such outliers observed in temperature. The closer the area to Hongze Lake, the temperature changes became smaller, the minimum temperature became higher, and the maximum temperature became lower. This verified the climate regulation effect of Hongze Lake on the surrounding area. The research results provide a reference for creating a protocol for possible natural disasters in the future and for transportation in water and agricultural structure adjustment.

Gas-Liquid Flow Pattern and Hydrate Risk in Wellbore during the Deep-Water Gas-Well Cleanup Process.

The wellbore fluid flow characteristics and hydrate flow assurance problems during the deep-water gas well cleanup process seriously affect the safety of gas well testing. Aiming at the process of deep-water gas well cleanup where the liquid gas ratio changes dramatically, this study reveals the distribution law of gas-liquid flow patterns in the wellbore. Combined with the clean test conditions of deep-water gas wells, the transient numerical simulation and analysis are carried out. At the same time, a hydrate risk prediction model suitable for the well cleanup process is established to predict the hydrate risk under different cleaning conditions. The research results are as follows: (1) after flowback, the temperature at the wellhead and mud line presents different characteristics of temperature change, the wellhead temperature decreases first and then increases, while the flow temperature at the mud line rises first and then decreases; (2) slug flow and annular flow are more likely to occur in the wellbore under low wellhead pressure. Bubble flow often appears in the initial stage of flowback under high wellhead pressure and gradually changes into slug and annular flow patterns in the middle and late stages; (3) at the same flowback time, the wellbore will also present different flow patterns along the way. The lower part of the well bore mainly presents bubble flow and slug flow, and the upper and middle parts of the well bore mainly present annular flow patterns; (4) high liquid-gas ratio conditions, proper well cleaning speed, and the use of hydrate inhibitors can effectively reduce the hydrate risk during the cleaning process of deep-water gas wells.

Analyzing temperature distribution in pyrolysis systems using an atomic model

<abstract> <p>Pyrolysis is a complex energy conversion reaction due to the multiple stages of the process, the interaction of kinetics, mass and heat transfer and thermodynamics. The feedstock, temperature, heating rate, residence time, and reactor design are only a few factors that might impact the final product during the pyrolysis process. This study focuses on the temperature analysis of pyrolysis with sheep manure as feedstock, which includes reactor, pipes and condenser. The examination of the temperature distribution within a pyrolysis system can contribute to the preservation of product quality, the maintenance of heat balance, and the enhancement of energy efficiency. Based on the analysis, the degradation temperature of sheep manure is between 210–500 ℃. Consequently, it is crucial to control the reactor temperature at a desirable temperature that aligns with the degradation temperature of sheep manure. To ensure optimal condensation and maximize bio-oil yield, it is also necessary to control the condenser temperature. This study aims to determine the characteristics of temperature changes in pyrolysis systems using atomic models. The atomic model was built in OpenModelica using the Modelica language. The atomic model was validated with experiment, and it was found that there was a significant difference in reactor temperature. Complex processes occur in the reactor where pyrolysis occurs and various factors can impact the temperature of the reaction. The temperature in the multistage condenser gradually decreases by 1–3 ℃. In the principle of condensation, this temperature drop is considered less than optimal because the cooling fluid in the pyrolysis condensation system is air coolant, which is entirely reliant on ambient temperature. The accuracy of the atomic model is evaluated using error analysis and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). A value of 13.6% was calculated using the MAPE. The atomic model can be applied because this value is still within the tolerance range.</p> </abstract>

鲁中地区冬季设施西瓜最低气温变化特征及预报模型研究

鲁中地区冬季设施西瓜最低气温变化特征及预报模型研究

Characteristics and risk factors of fever after total joint arthroplasty: a single-center retrospective study

BackgroundPostoperative fever (POF) is a common problem after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The goal of this research is to analyze the characteristics and risk factors of fever following TJA.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 2482 patients who had primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) surgery at our institution between January 2020 and December 2020. Those patients were divided into TKA group and THA group. The patients' axillary temperatures were measured. POF was defined as a body temperature greater than 38 °C. Then patients in the TKA and THA groups were respectively divided into afebrile group and febrile group based on their body temperatures. Temperature changing characteristics of the patients in the febrile group were analyzed and recorded. According to the number of patients in the febrile group, we randomly selected a corresponding number of patients from the afebrile group at a ratio of 1:2 to establish a control group. Gender, hypertension, diabetes, anesthesia, surgical time, and some laboratory data were analyzed between the febrile group and the afebrile group.ResultsThree percent of TKA patients (N = 45) had febrile, and in the febrile group of TKA group, 38% (N = 17) had fever and maximum body temperature on postoperative day 2(POD2). Six percent of THA patients (N = 46) had fever, and in the febrile group of THA group, 65% (N = 30) of the patients had fever and maximum body temperature on POD1. In TKA group, compared with afebrile group, febrile group has higher C-reactive protein (mg/L) (CRP) after surgery. In THA group, compared with the afebrile group, the patients in the febrile group had larger fall in hemoglobin (g/L), and higher C-reactive protein (mg/L) (CRP) after surgery, so there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe POF rate of TKA is 3%, and the first fever and maximum body temperature most commonly appear on the POD2. THA has a 6% POF rate, and the first fever and the maximum body temperature most commonly appear on the POD1. In both groups, high C-reactive protein is a risk factor for postoperative fever. In addition, the fall in hemoglobin is also related to postoperative fever in the THA group.

The Effect of Different Pulse Widths on Lattice Temperature Variation of Silicon under the Action of a Picosecond Laser.

In laser processing, due to the short interaction time between an ultrashort pulse laser and silicon, it has been difficult to study the lattice temperature change characteristics of silicon. In this paper, the interaction between a picosecond laser and silicon was studied. Based on the Fokker–Planck equation and two-temperature model (TTM) equation, a simulation model of silicon heating by different pulse-width picosecond lasers was established. The results show that within the range of 15 to 5 ps, the maximum lattice temperature tended to increase first and then decrease with the decreasing pulse width. The watershed was around 7.5 ps. The model error was less than 3.2% when the pulse width was 15 ps and the single pulse energy was 25 μJ.

Measurement of the Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient and Temperature of Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaic Modules

To improve the thermal design of vehicle-integrated photovoltaic (VIPV) modules, this study clarifies the characteristics of the convective heat transfer coefficient h between the vehicle roof surface and the surrounding air with respect to vehicle speed. Experiments on two types of vehicles with different body shapes indicate that h is strongly affected by vehicle speed, and it is also affected by body shape depending on the position on the roof. Empirical equations for approximating h as a function of vehicle speed and position on the vehicle roof are derived from the experimental datasets, and the differences between the equations derived herein and traditional equations that have been used for the heat transfer analysis of conventional stationary photovoltaic (PV) modules are clarified. Furthermore, the temperature change characteristics of the VIPV module were measured experimentally, confirming that h is the dominant factor causing the high temperature change rate of the VIPV module under driving conditions. In sunny summer conditions, the measured temperature change rate reaches up to 16.5 °C/min, which is approximately 10 times greater than that in the standard temperature cycle test for conventional stationary PV modules.

Temperature Change Characteristics in Gansu Province of China

The applicability of reanalysis data has been widely addressed in climate and hydrology studies over the past two decades. In this study, we analyzed spatiotemporal variations in ERA-Interim temperature data from four climate zones within Gansu Province from 1979 to 2017 by using linear regression model and Mann-Kendall mutation test. Results showed that: (1) The highest temperature was found in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, and the lowest in the plateau mountain climate zone. Temperatures in high-elevation regions were lower than those in low-elevation regions; (2) The annual mean temperature increased across Gansu Province from 1979 to 2017. The lowest warming rates of annual mean, annual maximum, and annual minimum temperatures were found in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, and these were 0.334, 0.300, and 0.336 °C/10a, respectively. The highest warming rates of annual mean and annual minimum temperature were found in the temperate monsoon climate zone, and these were 0.420 and 0.464 °C/10a, respectively. The highest warming rate of annual maximum temperature was found in the temperate continental climate zone (0.471 °C/10a); (3) The Mann-Kendall analysis showed that the mutation times of annual mean temperature of the subtropical monsoon, temperate monsoon, and temperate continental climate zones in Gansu Province were all in 1997. The mutation times of annual maximum temperature were found in the subtropical monsoon climate zone (1997) and temperate monsoon climate zone (1997). The mutation times of annual minimum temperature were found in the temperate continental climate zone (1997) and plateau mountain climate zone (1994). ERA-Interim reanalysis data are reliable for capturing mutation time of temperature, especially in the high-elevation areas with rare meteorological station. This study can provide a reference when analyzing climate change at different climatic zones using reanalysis data.

Thermodynamic assessment of combined supercritical CO2 cycle power systems with organic Rankine cycle or Kalina cycle

The supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle is considered to be one of the most promising cycles for the fourth-generation nuclear power system. In this paper, the S-CO2 Brayton combined cycles composed of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and Kalina cycle as the bottom cycle are proposed to improve the cycle performance. A new system performance parameter η/Qv,max is introduced for the first time to evaluate the economy and compactness balance of the combined cycle. Parametric study based on different working fluids for bottom cycle is conducted, comparison study between the S-CO2 Brayton combined cycles and traditional S-CO2 Brayton reheating cycle are made. The comparison results show that R32 and Ammonia based S-CO2/ORC combined cycle obtain the best performance, with thermal efficiency enhanced by 2.015% and 2.036%, respectively. The S-CO2/Kalina combined cycle obtains an improvement by 1.79% with ammonia-water concentration at 0.85, which is slightly lower than S-CO2/ORC combined cycle. Superheating the organic working fluids can improve the exergy efficiency of the evaporator and increase ηorc/Qv,max, but the efficiency of the cycle is not necessarily improved. The temperature slip contributes in reducing the temperature difference in the evaporator, and this helps the S-CO2/Kalina combined cycle to better match the temperature changing characteristics of the heat source compared with ORC, and the slope of the CO2 heat transfer line near the critical point of CO2 is the key factor that limits the improvement of S-CO2/Kalina combined cycle efficiency.

Using an Optimal Multi-Target Image Segmentation Based Feature Extraction Method to Detect Hypervelocity Impact Damage for Spacecraft

Aerospace has become an indispensable part of exploring the universe. To guarantee the safety of the materials on aerospace, the recognition and the detection of hypervelocity impact (HVI) damage is needed. Processing bottlenecks and the lack of precision acquisition tools have restricted detection to the HVI damage of space debris for on-orbit spacecraft. This paper proposes an optimal multi-target image segmentation based feature extraction method to detect the HVI damage. For the collected infrared data, an improved mean shift clustering algorithm is given to adaptively classify the temperature change characteristics in the sampled data of the infrared video stream and reconstruct the image to obtain the infrared reconstruction image reflecting the damage characteristics. Moreover, a multi-objective optimization segmentation model is proposed to segment the defects of infrared reconstructed images to further extract the geometric shape, depth and other features of various defects. To obtain accurate segmentation results of the infrared reconstructed thermal images, the segmentation objective functions are set with respect to noise elimination and detail reservation. A weight vectors adjustment algorithm is developed to further improve the accuracy of damage segmentation in the multi-objective optimization segmentation model, to derive better balance between detail retention and noise removal. The experimental results of the algorithm verify the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed method.

Analysis of Temperature Change Properties in Tehran Using Satellite Data

INTRODUCTION: The dearth of data and accurate climate information has made it difficult to study the relationship between human health and climate change. To study the surface heat island in the urban areas, land surface temperature must be calculated, and since no space sensor is capable of frequent thermal imaging at the required spatial resolution for urban studies, this study aimed to propose a method for urban temperature changing characteristics, and provide the results to the city managers and officials in health domains. METHODS: SADFAT temporal and spatial integration model was used to prepare the data. Following that, changes in the spatial and temporal pattern of surface temperature data in Tehran were studied using exploratory methods of spatial data analysis, and the results were evaluated by classical statistical methods (normalization process, classification, and comparison of temperature classes of images). The heat island ratio index was employed to investigate the temporal changes in the intensity of the heat island. FINDINGS: Temporal changes in the ratio of heat island in Tehran during 2017 showed that from the Julian days 1 to 81 (January 12 to April 2), as well as 153 to 281 (June 12 to October 16), the value of the intensity of the heat island in Tehran was higher than the average (about 0.067) due to changes in vegetation, climate, and air pollution, for 210 days in a year. CONCLUSION: The diagram of periodic and irregular fluctuations of thermal islands showed that it was not logical to compare the spatial pattern of thermal islands without considering the time of location. These daily and weekly fluctuations in the intensity of the heat island, as well as the human exposure to it, cause a wide range of diseases, such as hypothermia, heatstroke, as well as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, which consequently lead to death.

Wavelet Analysis on Temperature and Precipitation Changes in Dabie Mountain of West Anhui

The wavelet analysis method is applied to analysis of multi-level time change characteristics of temperature and precipitation in Dabie Mountain based on the meteorological observation data of five stations in Dabie Mountain from 1960 to 2013. According to results, the temperature shows oscillation periods of 22 years and 10 years in Dabie Mountain, West Anhui. While the precipitation shows an oscillation period of26 years. The change relationships of temperature and precipitation are not the same based on different time scales. From the scale of 3 years, to 10 years and 20 years, the out-of phase becomes weaker. The tendency of consistence appears gradually.

Kahramanmaraş Şehri Sel ve Taşkınlarının Coğrafi Analizi ve Öngörüler

In this study, our aim was to employ a geographical analysis of flood and flash flood events in Kahramanmaras and make predictions for the future. Within the scope of the research; surface analyses, hydrological and morphometric analyses, and monitoring of time-based change studies in land use were conducted. A database was created by using MapInfo Professional 11.0 software and 1/25000 scale topography maps. Also, Thornthwaite water balance, rainfall types and its seasonal change, temperature change characteristics and linear regression analyses of climate analysis results, regression equation and rainfall and temperature predictions based on r2 values were other analyses carried out within the scope of this research. According to the results of the morphometric analysis, looking at the flood and flash flood sensitivity of the stream basins, high risk in Akdere, Erkenez Stream Basins, moderate risk in Karacay, Cancigin, Kerhan Stream Basins and lower risk in the Basins of Igdelioz, Agcalidere, Bogazdere were observed. An increase in impermeable grounds due to urbanization can encourage flood disasters by increasing the speed and amount of surface flow in the direction of the city center.