Tellurium Ions Research Articles

Collisional and radiative data for tellurium ions in kilonovae modelling and laboratory benchmarks

ABSTRACT Tellurium is a primary candidate for the identification of the 2.1 $\, \mu$m emission line in kilonovae (KNe) spectra AT2017gfo and GRB230307A. Despite this, there is currently an insufficient amount of atomic data available for this species. We calculate the required atomic structure and collisional data, particularly the data required for accurate non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium (NLTE) modelling of the low temperatures and densities in KNe. We use a multiconfigurational Dirac–Hartree–Fock method to produce optimized one-electron orbitals for Te i-iii. As a result energy levels and Einstein A-coefficients for Te i-iii have been calculated. These orbitals are then employed within Dirac R-matrix collision calculations to provide electron-impact-excitation collision strengths that were subsequently averaged according to a thermal Maxwellian distribution. Subsequent tardis simulations using this new atomic data reveal no significant changes to the synthetic spectra due to the very minor contribution of Te at early epochs. NLTE simulations with the colradpy package reveal optically thin spectra consistent with the increasing prominence of the Te iii 2.1 $\, \mu$m line as the KNe ejecta cools. This is reinforced by the estimation of luminosities at nebular KNe conditions. New line ratios for both observation and laboratory benchmarks of the atomic data are proposed.

A simulation investigation of barium phosphate glasses enhanced with vanadium and tellurium ions for X- and gamma energies attenuation

Barium phosphate glass with fixed barium oxide (BaO) at 40 mol% and vanadium oxide (V2O5) at 1 mol% was successfully synthesized by the melt quenching process. Different concentrations of tellurium oxide (TeO2) were introduced at the expense of the phosphate groups (P2O5) to improve and modify the elastic and radiation shielding properties. The elastic parameters were calculated from the Makishima-Mackenzie model. The radiation shielding parameters were simulated and studied using the XCOM database to check the availability of such glass to withstand the X-ray and gamma energies.

ELECTRO RECOVERY OF TELLURUM IONS FROM NON-AQUEOUS N-N DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE ELECTROLYTE

The work presents studies of the mechanism of recovery of tellurium ions from non-aqueous N-N dimethylformamide. For this, linear and cyclic current-voltage polarization curves have been recorded. The influence on the process of the concentration of tellurium ions, change of potential sweep rate and temperature has been investigated. By recording linear polarization curves, it has been established that the reducing process of tellurium ions is controlled by their diffusion to the cathode surface. The influence of the concentration of its ions in the electrolyte, the rate of change of the potential and the temperature on the tellurium deposition process was studied. By recording the cyclic polarization curve, the potential area where tellurium ions precipitate and its anodic dissolution occurs is determined. It was determined that the increase in the concentration of tellurium ions and the temperature increases the speed of the reduction process of tellurium, and the reduction process itself is controlled by the diffusion of tellurium ions on the cathode surface. To confirm the obtained data, polarization curves have been recorded on a rotating platinum disk electrode. Data received, exactly the linear dependence of ip on the electrode rotation speed (ω) to the power of 0.5, confirms that, that the process of reduction of tellurium electrodes in non-aqueous N-N dimethylformamide is controlled by diffusion polarization

Finite Temperature Magnetism in the Triangular Lattice Antiferromagnet KErTe2

Abstract After the discovery of the ARECh2 (A = alkali or monovalent ions, RE = rare-earth, Ch = chalcogen) triangular lattice quantum spin liquid (QSL) family, a series of its oxide, sulfide, and selenide counterparts has been consistently reported and extensively investigated. While KErTe2 represents the initial synthesized telluride member, preserving its triangular spin lattice, it was anticipated that the substantial tellurium ions could impart more pronounced magnetic attributes and electronic structures to this material class. This study delves into the magnetism of KErTe2 at finite temperatures through magnetization and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. Based on the angular momentum J ^ after spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and symmetry analysis, we obtain the magnetic effective Hamiltonian to describe the magnetism of Er3+ in R 3 ¯ m space group. Applying the mean-field approximation to the Hamiltonian, we can simulate the magnetization and magnetic heat capacity of KErTe2 in paramagnetic state and determine the crystalline electric field (CEF) parameters and partial exchange interactions. The relatively narrow energy gaps between the CEF ground state and excited states exert a significant influence on the magnetism. For example, small CEF excitations can result in a significant broadening of the ESR linewidth at 2 K. For the fitted exchange interactions, although the values are small, given a large angular momentum J = 15/2 after SOC, they still have a noticeable effect at finite temperatures. Notably, the heat capacity data under different magnetic fields along the c axis direction also roughly match our calculated results, further validating the reliability of our analytical approach. These derived parameters serve as crucial tools for future investigations into the ground state magnetism of KErTe2. The findings presented herein lay a foundation for exploration of the intricate magnetism within the triangular-lattice delafossite family.

Exploring the novel aryltellurium(IV) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimalarial, theoretical and ADMET studies

The current research study is focused on biological efficacy of newly synthesized Schiff base ligand 1,1′-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(naphthalen-2-ol) (HNED) and its aryltellurium(IV) complexes. The synthesized compounds were comprehensively characterized by physical and spectral investigations such asmolar conductance, Powder-XRD, EDAX, elemental, TGA-DTG analysis, mass, FT-IR, UV–Vis, 13C NMR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The molecular and electronic structural characteristics of the synthesized compounds were explored by theoretical chemical estimations which was based on density functional theory (DFT). The outcome of the spectroscopic and theoretical data revealed that the Schiff base HNED was coordinated with tellurium ion through oxygen and nitrogen atoms, suggesting distorted octahedral geometry of complexes. The compounds displayed mild to strong antimicrobial activity against numerous microbial species, with the growth inhibitory activities of the complexes being greater than those of the Schiff base. Complexes 6c and 6f exhibited the highest scavenging ability. Complex 6a exhibited the highest efficiency in inhibiting malarial malformation. In silico molecular docking was executed to explore the binding interaction and binding energies of compound against the active site of the various receptors (3MZF, 4DXD, 3Q70 and 2GHU). The ADMET results indicated that the synthesized compounds have favorable drug-like behavior. This study suggest that the complexes may act as promising candidates for infection ailments.

Self-assembly of 2D Fe-doped NiTe/NiTe2 heterostructure for boosted oxygen evolution

Highly active and low-cost electrocatalysts composed of non-noble metal elements are essential for acquiring the green hydrogen energy through a large water electrolysis device. In this work, to accelerate the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the Fe-doped NiTe/NiTe2 heterostructures (termed as Fe-NiTe/NiTe2) were synthesized via a facial one-step process, and further characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption test, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optimized Fe-NiTe/NiTe2 exhibits a low overpotential of 284 mV at J = 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 49 mV dec−1 and a remarkable durability within a decline of 4.93% after a long-term chronoamperometry test in alkaline electrolyte. The splendid electrocatalytic performance of Fe-NiTe/NiTe2 is ascribed to bimetallic synergy effect and heterostructure of two tellurides after compared with the corresponding catalysts (i.e., NiTe, Fe-NiTe and Fe-NiTe2). In addition, the mechanism reveals that tellurium ions can obviously increases the covalence of Ni-Te bonds and adsorption energy of OH− at the Ni sites, which will significantly promote the efficiency of water oxidation via electrocatalysis. Therefore, this study offers a feasible method for manufacturing the highly active telluride-based electrocatalysts for OER through a one-step solvothermal method.

Stabilization of 2-Pyridyltellurium(II) Derivatives by Oxidorhenium(V) Complexes

Zwitterionic compounds such as pyridine-containing tellurenyl compounds are interesting building blocks for heterometallic assemblies. They can act as ambiphilic donor/acceptors as is shown by the products of reactions of the zwitterions HpyTeCl2 or HCF3pyTeCl2 with the rhenium(V) complex [ReOCl3(PPh3)2]. The products have a composition of [ReO2Cl(pyTeCl)(PPh3)2] and [ReO2Cl(CF3pyTeCl)(PPh3)2] with central {O=Re=O…Te(Cl)p⏠y}+ units. The Re-O bonds in the products are elongated by approximately 0.1 Å compared with those to the terminal oxido ligands and establish Te…O contacts. Thus, the normally easily assigned concept of oxidation states established at the two metal ions becomes questionable (ReV/TeII vs. ReIII/TeIV). A simple bond length consideration rather leads to a description with the coordination of a mesityltellurenyl(II) chloride unit to an oxido ligand of the Re(V) center, but the oxidation of the tellurium ion and the formation of a tellurinic acid chloride cannot be ruled out completely from an analysis of the solid-state structures. DFT calculations (QTAIM, NBO analysis) give clear support for the formation of a Re(V) dioxide complex donating into an organotellurium(II) chloride and the alternative description can at most be regarded as a less favored resonance structure.

Role of Tellurium Ions for Electrochemically Synthesized Zinc Telluride 2D Structures on Nonconductive Substrate

AbstractAlthough electrodeposition has emerged as a promising approach to make metal chalcogenide nanostructures, it has an underlying issue of exfoliating the deposits affixed to a conductive substrate, which is inevitable to transfer electrons for a reduction reaction, for precise characterization and advanced device fabrication. Herein, direct electrodeposition of metal chalcogenides on a silicon dioxide (SiO2) insulator and its device applications for a back‐gated field‐effect‐transistor and a nitrogen dioxide gas sensor are investigated. Tellurium metal nanorods are deposited on SiO2 by the redox reaction of tellurium substances in the electrolyte. Using underpotential deposition, zinc telluride (ZnTe) is propagated onto tellurium sites, which has deposited on SiO2, bridging the microgap electrode on SiO2. The growth mechanisms of ZnTe on the SiO2 are also explored. This finding addresses the major challenge associated with the electrodeposition by the successful deposition of complex chalcogenides on an insulating substrate that expands its applications in fields for advanced electronics.

Energy conversion performance of porous ZrTe hybrid derived from chemical transformation of Zr(OH)4

• Hydrothermal treatment was employed for the synthesis of ZrTe. • ZrTe deposited on carbon cloth (CC) perform well for OER. • ZrTe/CC exhibits lower overpotential of 294 mV and smaller Tafel slope of 71 mV dec -1 . • The high performance of ZrTe/CC was also confirmed via the density functional theory (DFT). Next-generation fuels are produced via electrochemical water splitting technology, and energy conversion processes can be improved by fabricating high-performance oxygen evolution (OER) electrocatalysts. Among all types of electrocatalysts, alternative, cheap, and high-performance OER catalysts are the metal tellurides. Here in the present report, the novel ZrTe has directly grown on carbon cloth (CC) and outperforms OER due to its 3D shell-like structure, high conductivity, and porous nature. Hydrothermal conditions are employed to promote an anion-exchange process that leads to zirconium tellurium nanostructure from synthesized tellurium ions and hydroxide of the zirconium hexagonal nanosheets. The electrochemical measurements are performed using modified electrodes, and are tested in the alkaline environment using cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and a constant potential chronoamperometry (CA). The ZrTe/CC resulted in a lower overpotential of 294 mV with a smaller Tafel slope of 71 mV dec −1 and high stability of 45 h towards OER because of its unique shape resulting in large electrochemical active zones and more active sites without any binding agent. Additionally, the present study also validates that ZrTe/CC hybrid is more active towards OER via the density functional theory (DFT) and theoretical calculations, as our findings show that it is possible to produce multi-metal telluride-based materials that can be exceptionally efficient and stable electrocatalyst for OER, and also in future applications.

Synthesis, Spectroscopic Analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Screening of Some Organyltellurium(IV) Complexes

In present study, six new organyltellurium(IV) Schiff base complexes with the formula RTeCl2·H4AP (1a-c) and R2TeCl·H4AP (1d-f), where R= 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl and 3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl, ligand H4AP = 1-(((4-hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl)-naphthalen-2-ol obtained from the condensation of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with 4-aminophenol were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, mass spectrometry, FT-IR, UV-visible, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy. Correlation of all spectroscopic data suggested that Schiff base ligand (H4AP) acts as bidentate (ON) ligand coordinated to tellurium ion via naphthalene ring-O and imine-N with the distorted square pyramidal geometry around the tellurium ion. DFT based calculations were done for the ligand and its metal complexes to confirm the geometry of complexes. Chemical quantum parameters were determined for the ligand and the complexes. The antioxidant activity of the Schiff base and their organyltellurium(IV) complexes were assessed on the basis of radical scavenging effect of DPPH. The free Schiff base and its complexes were screened for the in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activity. The results show that the organyltellurium(IV) complexes were more active than the Schiff base. The molecular docking simulations carried out to study the probable binding modes of the ligand with various proteins receptors such as C. albicans and E. coli.

Coexistence of Tellurium Cations and Anions in Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids.

Elemental tellurium readily dissolves in ionic liquids (ILs) based on tetraalkylphosphonium cations even at temperatures below 100 °C. In the case of ILs with acetate, decanoate, or dicyanamide anions, dark red to purple colored solutions form. A study combining NMR, UV‐Vis and Raman spectroscopy revealed the formation of tellurium anions (Ten)2− with chain lengths up to at least n=5, which are in dynamic equilibrium with each other. Since external influences could be excluded and no evidence of an ionic liquid reaction was found, disproportionation of the tellurium is the only possible dissolution mechanism. Although the spectroscopic detection of tellurium cations in these solutions is difficult, the coexistence of tellurium cations, such as (Te4)2+ and (Te6)4+, and tellurium anions could be proven by cyclic voltammetry and electrodeposition experiments. DFT calculations indicate that electrostatic interactions with the ions of the ILs are sufficient to stabilize both types of tellurium ions in solution.

Construction of tellurium-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles for bone cancer therapy by promoting ROS-mediated apoptosis and antibacterial activity

The commonly used treatment methods for bone cancer include chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy, but there are disadvantages such as nonspecific distribution, high toxicity of chemotherapy drugs, implantable infections and low monitoring. Nanoparticles are the new development direction of nanomedicine in cancer treatment. Structural characteristics of nanoparticles make it an excellent model for targeting and penetrating cancer-induced abnormal cell growth. In this study, a kind of novel and interesting tellurium ion doped mesoporous bioactive glasses (Te-MBG) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a simple sol–gel method, which had uniform spherical morphology (≈ 500 nm), high surface area (> 300 m2/g) and mesopore volume (> 0.30 cm3/g). Results found that Te doping does not affect the mineralization and degradation of the MBG nanoparticles. Meanwhile, compared to the undoped MBG, Te doped MBG not merely had the ability to promote MG63 cell apoptosis to inhibit bone cancer growth by ROS-mediated, but also had significant antibacterial activity. This all depends on the concentration of Te doping. It can be seen that Te-MBG nanoparticles can not only potentially fill bone defects caused by bone cancer removal, but also induce cancer cell apoptosis by tellurium release inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) excessive production to inhibit bone cancer formation. This study provides a feasible strategy for the development of Te-MBG nanoparticles as well as their evaluation and basic research for bone cancer therapy.

Effects of TeO2/B2O3 substitution on synthesis, physical, optical and radiation shielding properties of ZnO–Li2O-GeO2-Bi2O3 glasses

Tellurite glass is a model material having superior features for several applications. It can be considered as a potential host matrix for different oxides, and this paper aims to study the effects of TeO2/B2O3 substitution on synthesis, physical, optical and radiation shielding properties of ZnO–Li2O-GeO2-Bi2O3 glasses produced by melt quenching technique. The physical and optical features of the fabricated glasses were experimentally investigated by determining pivotal parameters such as density, XRD, tellurium ion concentration (Ni), linear refractive index (no), polaron radius (rp) and inter nuclear distance (ri). Moreover, the relative radiation deposition within the glasses was assessed via the attenuation coefficients (e.g. MAC), specific gamma ray constant (ᴦ), total stopping power (TSP), neutron cross sections, and dose rate (D). Our results suggest that both TeO2 and B2O3 additives have a significant effect on the fundamental properties of the ZnO–Li2O-GeO2-Bi2O3 glasses. It also found that the lower thicknesses of the present glasses are required to provide the same level of shielding than ordinary, ilmenite, steel scrap, hematic-serpentine, ilmenite-limonite and basalt-magnetite concretes, RS253-G18 and RS360 glass shields. Therefore, presently investigated glasses are promising photon shields in different technological applications of gamma- and x-rays.

Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Hydroxyl-Capped Tellurium Nanoparticles

In this study, we used a simple green method for preparing tellurium nanoparticles and mainly evaluated their toxicological effects. The nanoparticles were synthesized using lactose and characterized with different instrumentation methods. The in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of tellurium nanoparticles and its effect on lipid profile were also evaluated. Hydroxyl-capped tellurium nanoparticles were successfully fabricated by lactose. The results showed spherical tellurium nanoparticles with a mean size of 89 nm. The toxicological study showed that the tellurium nanoparticles did not exhibit any toxicity on the primary cells. The LD50 values for the nanoparticles were 327 and 295 mg/kg for oral and intraperitoneal administrations, respectively. Also, the results showed a significant reduction in liver enzymes at the 16, 24, and 40 mg/kg doses. Hematological parameters indicated no significant suppressive changes between the animals that were administered tellurium nanoparticles and the control group. In addition, the effects of tellurium nanoparticles on hypercholesterolemic risk factors in mice fed with cholesterol demonstrated the depletion of triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein. This study showed that the toxicity of tellurium nanoparticles was lower than tellurium ions. Furthermore, tellurium nanoparticles decreased the cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the animal model.

Trash to treasure: From construction waste to tellurium adsorbent materials

Solid waste, such as construction waste, electric and electronic equipment wastes, has become one serious global challenge due to the presence of toxic substances and non-biodegradable substances in it. Recycling valuable resources from these solid wastes is essential for circular economy and sustainable development strategies due to the valuable elements and potential environmental risks of solid waste. Herein this work presents a promising method for fabrication of high-effective adsorption material using construction waste as raw materials, promising for coarse tellurium extraction from photovoltaic waste. At first stage, porous ceramic particles were obtained by ball milling, acid treatment, and calcination of brick powder. Then, the layered double hydroxides-activated brick mass (LDH-ABM) with high tellurium adsorption properties were fabricated by coating of ceramic particles with a layer of Al2O3 and subsequent hydrothermal growth of LDH nanosheets. The results indicated that the LDH-functionalized brick particles were assembled by LDH nanoplates, which was favorable for efficient tellurium ions transport into the internal part of adsorbents. The micro/nanoscale hierarchical structures of the LDH-ABM along with their porous nature and high specific surface also make them have excellent tellurium adsorption ability. In addition, the adsorption ability can be recovered by the economically sustainable regeneration process. The high tellurium adsorption capacity was attributed to the large surface of porous brick particles which provides more tellurium adsorption sites by reducing the nanoplates aggregation. The controlled process presented here provides an effective way to fabricate functional adsorbent using construction waste as raw material for potential application in tellurium extraction.

The effect of different factors on electrochemical obtaining of alloys Re-Te-Cu

Based on the study of volt-ampere dependencies during electroreduction of rhenium (VII), tellurium (IV) and copper (II) ions from hydrochloric acid electrolyte on Pt electrode, the conditions of deposition of nano-coatings of ternary Re-Te-Cu alloy were determined. The influence of various factors such as amounts of individual components and total con­cen­tra­tions of components in the electrolyte solution, temperature, concentration of hydro­chloric acid, etc., on the composition and quality of coatings was studied. It was establ­i­shed that with the increase of rhenium concentration in the electrolyte, as well as increase of temperature, the rhenium content in deposits increased. The morphology of films depo­sited on platinum substrate was studied using the scanning electron microscopy. Based on the experimental data, the following electrolyte composition (mol/l) is recommended for obtaining the semiconductor Re-Te-Cu alloy containing 40-50 wt.% Re: (6.9·10-4-6.9·10-3) KReO4 + (9·10-4-1.8·10-2) TeO2 + (6·10-4-1.2·10-2) CuCl2·2H2O +2 HCl, T = 75 °C.

Luminescence and Thermochromic Properties of Complexes of Tellurium(IV) Halides with Rubidium Rb2TeHal6 (Hal = Cl, Br, I)

Spectral-luminescence properties of complex compounds of the composition Rb2TeHal6 (Hal = Cl, Br, I) have been investigated. The dependence of the luminescence intensity on the geometric structure of the tellurium(IV) coordination polyhedron of the anion sublattice type and the position of the A-band in the spectra has been revealed. Rb2TeCl6 has exhibited the maximum luminescence intensity at 77 and 300 K for isle-like octahedral coordination of the Te(IV) ion. Rb2TeCl6 and Rb2TeBr6 have demonstrated a reversible thermochromism determined by the temperature dependence of the Jahn–Teller splitting of the A-band in the absorption (reflection) spectra of the tellurium(IV) ion.

The performance of pulsed scale-up column for permeable of selenium and tellurium ions to organic phase, case study: Disc and doughnut structure

A research investigation of the overall mass transfer coefficients, holdup and mean drops of dispersed phase as well as slip and characteristic velocities were carried out in the pulsed scale-up column with disc and doughnut structure for extraction of tellurium and selenium from a hydrochloric acid medium with TBP extractant. The impact of operating conditions containing the pulse intensity, inlet aqueous and solvent phase velocities have been studied on the mass transfer rates, and the special column characteristic. By considering the reactive extraction situations, modified models were derived for predicting of holdup, d32, and slip velocity in this extractor. The axial diffusion model for extracting the selenium and tellurium using the TBP system was utilized to determine the mass transfer evaluation. Mass transfer data indicated that the column performance enhanced by increasing the pulse intensity and inlet phase velocities. Because of the reactive extraction system, available correlations failed to correctly estimate the mass transfer data. Thus, a novel model based on dispersed phase holdup, Eö, and Re numbers was developed to estimate the enhancement factor. The values calculated by the derived correlation were compared with the experimental results, and a good agreement was obtained between results.

Influence of nano crystalline behavior of Nb2O5 – Sb2O3 – TeO2 glass ceramics on structural and thermal studies

xNb2O5–(25-x)Sb2O3–75TeO2 (Where x = 5,10,15,20 mol% of Nb2O5) glass system have been successfully prepared by using conventional melt-quenching route. Nano clusters and crystalline phases are obtained with the employment of heat treatment (HT) procedure executed at various temperatures depending upon composition. These samples are characterized using XRD, SEM, DTA, IR and RAMAN studies. X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been done for both glass and glass ceramics to confirm the crystalline and amorphous nature of the samples respectively. XRD patterns of glass ceramic samples exhibit various structural changes such as Sb2Te2O9, Nb2Te4O13, Nb2Te3O11, Senarmontite (α-Sb2O3), Valentinite (β-Sb2O3), γ, α -TeO2, Sb6O13 and Nb0.5O4Sb1.5 associated with the glass ceramics. From XRD, it is clear that the antimony and tellurium ions co-exist in mixed valence states (Sb5+, Sb3+ and Te4+, Te6+)in host matrix of glass ceramics. Nano crystalline clusters are identified by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and are found to be in the range of size approximately 149.1–193.6 nm. The percentage of various elements associated with the glass ceramics is discussed by the EDX analysis. The thermal parameters such as glass transition temperature (Tg) and onset crystalline temperature (To) are determined from DTA spectra for all the samples. As Nb2O5 content is increased, the values of glass transition temperature are found to be increased from 329 °C to 418 °C (Tg) and 467 °C to 531 °C (To) for glasses and glass ceramics for 262 °C to 385 °C (Tg), 431 °C to 493 °C (To) respectively. IR and Raman studies reveals that the presence of various structural units such as [TeO4]tbp, [TeO3]tp, [TeO3+1] and TeO6 are interconnected with SbO6, NbO6 and NbO4 units associated with glass and glass ceramic host matrix. The optical absorption spectra have been studied for the samples and data is correlated with the DSC spectra.

Optical and Structural Characterization of CdTe Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Chemical Bath Deposition Technique

The purpose of this research is the elaboration of cadmium telluride nanoparticles by using the chemical bath deposition technique. The formulation procedure consists of preparing tellurium ions (Te−2) and combination of tellurium ion solution with deionized water, cadmium chloride, and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The nanoparticles were synthesized at three different concentrations denoted C1, C2, and C3. Furthermore, for each CdTe, nanoparticles were obtained with absorption edges at 404.02 nm, 428 nm and 452.66 nm related to C1, C2, and C3, respectively. Also, the direct energy gaps of CdTe nanoparticle semiconductors were: Eg(C1) = 3.07 eV, Eg(C2) = 2.9 eV, and Eg(C3) = 2.74 eV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated three different average diameter sizes of a single nanoparticle: D(C1) = 3.23 nm, D(C2) = 6.46 nm, and D(C3) = 7.73 nm with average sizes of 6.11 nm, 5.29 nm, and 9.76 nm, respectively. The fast Fourier transform of TEM contrast micrographs corresponded with a hexagonal structure. The presence of Cd, Te, and TeO2 was identified by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy was used to identify three peaks at 122 cm−1, 140 cm−1 and 165 cm−1 that proved the formation of CdTe nanoparticles.