Telecommunication Manufacturers Research Articles

The Political Economy of Local Content Requirements Policy in Indonesia’s Telecommunication Manufacturing Industry 2015-2020

The Political Economy of Local Content Requirements Policy in Indonesia’s Telecommunication Manufacturing Industry 2015-2020

Stock market reaction to global supply chain disruptions from the 2018 US government ban on ZTE

AbstractGovernment trade actions are an increasing source of supply chain risk. This research provides empirical evidence of the stock market reaction to trade actions against a targeted firm on other firms in the targeted firm's supply chain eco‐system. We test our hypothesized stock price effects using the case of the 2018 US government ban on US firms from supplying to ZTE, a Chinese telecommunications manufacturer. We estimate the ban's effects on ZTE's tier‐one US and non‐US suppliers, as well as the upstream and downstream supply chain propagation effects by considering ZTE's tier‐two suppliers and business customers. We also estimate impacts to ZTE's competitors. We find that tier‐one US suppliers experienced a stock price effect of −3.33% following the ban, and the reaction was more negative for those suppliers more dependent on ZTE for revenues. We find a stock price effect on tier‐two suppliers of −0.40%, but an insignificant effect on non‐US tier‐one suppliers. Business customers experienced a stock price effect of 0.66%, and the competitors' stock price effect was 1.34%. The reversal of the ban 4 weeks later resulted in a stock price effect of 1.56% for tier‐one US suppliers, 1.72% for tier‐one non‐US suppliers, and 1.35% for competitors.

Tax Incentives for Supporting Competitiveness of Telecommunication Manufacturers

The article is dedicated to the analysis of cost factors, primarily tax burden, that can explain the observable price difference on Russian market between domestic telecommunication equipment and imports from China and USA. The relevance of the research is justified by critical significance of this market for economic, information and technological security of Russian Federation in a changed geopolitical environment. The present methods of tax burden calculation analyzed in the article reveal the subindustry level measurement to be the least studied. Based on data on 42 companies for 2015-2017, the cost structure of telecommunication equipment manufacturing industry is studied, a model for computing the tax burden rate on domestic enterprises using imported components is built. The model is adjusted for cross-country comparison to reflect the specifics of countries’ tax systems. The calculations are based on the assumption of equal production costs in the three countries under examination.A comparative analysis has shown that the tax burden in Russia is on average higher than in USA (almost 3 percentage points) and in China for enterprises operating in preferential economic zones (about 2 percentage points). However, this difference in tax burden rate does not explain the observed price discrepancy on the domestic market (up to 21 percent). Cost of components and cost of debt are additionally examined as the factors elucidating divergence of economic conditions. An approximate assessment of their influence has shown that the effect of reducing average costs with an increase in output of components, which is especially characteristic of China, has the largest impact. For American importers the tax burden level and high-end offer are the main competitive advantages. A number of tariff regulation measures allowing to compensate for the price discrepancy on the domestic market are proposed for innovation policy to stimulate the technological development of national producers.

A Short History of UK Telecommunications Manufacturing

The manufacture of telecommunications equipment in the United Kingdom dates back to the 1880s. With the municipalisation and eventual nationalisation of telecommunications, it was the Post Office that had responsibility for research and development of new systems until the 1980s. After the Second World War it had opted to remain with an older technology and later waited for digital exchanges, known as System X supplied by GEC and Plessey, while STC (part of ITT) supplied the analogue TXE4. With the introduction of competition BT felt it should benefit, purchasing some exchanges from Ericsson, through a joint venture with UK-based Thorn-EMI. After GEC was refused permission to acquire Plessey, GEC and Plessey merged their telecommunication manufacturing interests as GPT, soon taken over by a GEC and Siemens joint venture. GEC spun off its defence interests, rebranded itself Marconi and bought Siemens out of GPT, but made very bad acquisitions in the US. In the aftermath of the dot com crash Marconi fell into serious difficulties, then when it was rejected as a supplier for the BT 21st century network (21CN) it sealed the fate of Marconi, which was to be acquired by Ericsson. No firm was successful in entering the market for mobile telephone systems.

Analysis of a Semi-Open Queuing Network with a State Dependent Marked Markovian Arrival Process, Customers Retrials and Impatience

We consider a queuing network with single-server nodes and heterogeneous customers. The number of customers, which can obtain service simultaneously, is restricted. Customers that cannot be admitted to the network upon arrival make repeated attempts to obtain service. The service time at the nodes is exponentially distributed. After service completion at a node, the serviced customer can transit to another node or leave the network forever. The main features of the model are the mutual dependence of processes of customer arrivals and retrials and the impatience and non-persistence of customers. Dynamics of the network are described by a multidimensional Markov chain with infinite state space, state inhomogeneous behavior and special structure of the infinitesimal generator. The explicit form of the generator is derived. An effective algorithm for computing the stationary distribution of this chain is recommended. The expressions for computation of the key performance measures of the network are given. Numerical results illustrating the importance of the account of the mentioned features of the model are presented. The model can be useful for capacity planning, performance evaluation and optimization of various wireless telecommunication networks, transportation and manufacturing systems.

Bayesian estimation of traffic intensity based on queue length in a multi-server M/M/s queue

ABSTRACTIn this article, we focus on multi-server queueing systems in which inter-arrival and service times are exponentially distributed (Markovian). We use a Bayesian technique, the sampling/importance resampling method (SIR), to estimate the parameters of these queueing systems, making possible the determination of performance measures that are essential to the evaluation of important practical applications such as computer and telecommunication networks, manufacturing and service systems, health care, and other similar real-life problems. Extensive numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the technique, as well as some of its limitations.

The International Business of Mobile Telecommunications: Expansion Across Africa

Once governments in Africa were persuaded to create markets for mobile telecommunications, a complex game of buying and selling licences and licensed operators began, that has seen the rise and fall of multinational enterprises (MNEs). Their geographic footprints reflect complex patterns of when licences became available, how well entrenched were individual operators, the willingness of sellers, and the access to finance of buyers. Operator groups had to build commercial experience and their capabilities in corporate political activity (CPA), notably in negotiating issuance of licences and their transfer. A very few state-providers remain, of which two have outsourced most of their work. There is a clear contrast with telecommunication manufacturers, which operate on truly global markets.

An investigation into E-business service in the UK telecommunication manufacturing industry

Nowadays, suppliers’ product and service quality has risen in importance with a manufacturer’s push to develop core competencies and capitalise on global operations and markets. However, due to the complex features of business service, suppliers are facing significant challenges in providing service effectively and developing business collaboration. This is further complicated by the development of information and communication technologies (ICTs). This paper thus attempts to investigate the factors influencing buyers’ e-service (EBS) requirements and the impact of these requirements on business collaboration. Based on a questionnaire survey with 500 UK telecommunication manufacturers, this research identifies buyers’ different EBS requirements for different types of suppliers and the impact of ICTs on EBS requirements. While for suppliers our findings provide insights into buyers’ EBS requirements, they can help buyers to develop appropriate supplier selection criteria. The findings also contribute to a better understanding of the development of buyer and supplier business collaboration.

An integrated indicator system for patent portfolios: evidence from the telecommunication manufacturing industry

ABSTRACTAgainst the background of ‘patent portfolio races’ in industries such as telecommunications, this paper proposes a set of patent portfolio indicators to measure patents’ scale and diversity. This indicator system is used in a time series to analyse the patenting activity and technology strategy of the world’s top 20 firms in the telecommunication manufacturing industry, based on a large data set from United States Patent and Trade Office. In combination with composite and relative measures, we identify the firms’ comparative positions in patenting activity. The paper adds to the ongoing discussion about, and enriches the theory of, patent portfolios.

A novel smart forwarding scheme in LTE-Advanced networks

Long Term Evolution (LTE) and IEEE 802.16 WiMAX are competing access network technologies adopted in 4G wireless networks in recent years. LTE complies with 3GPP standards whereas 802.16 WiMAX is regulated by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Although WiMAX is already operating commercially in Taiwan, the system is limited to an independent new system that is incompatible with the current 3G system. Hence, the cost of implementing the WiMAX system is relatively high, this being an impediment to its rapid uptake and widespread use. On the other hand, LTE conforms to 3GPP that is supported by telecommunication manufacturers and operators and is, moreover, backward compatible with 3G/UMTS cellular systems. The LTE specifications define how user equipment (UE) connects and communicates with evolved Node B (eNB) base stations. The enhanced version, LTE-Advanced, adds a new entity called the relay node (RN) to widen service coverage, although this change has resulted in a more complex architecture. Mobility management and data forwarding are essential components in wireless mobile networking. This paper focuses on the efficient handover procedure in LTE-Advanced networks, and proposes a Smart Forwarding mechanism to improve the handover performance. Simulation studies show that the proposed Smart Forwarding scheme employs a better operational transmission path that effectively reduces handover latency and signal overhead.

Postural Loading Assessment in Assembly Workers of an Iranian Telecommunication Manufacturing Company

Background. Changes in industries and work practices have coincided with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of MSDs and to assess postural loading in assembly workers of an Iranian telecommunication manufacturing company. Methods. Data were collected from 193 randomly selected workers in 4 units of the company. The Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire and the UBC ergonomic checklist were used as data collection tools. Loading on the upper body assessment (LUBA) was used to assess postural loading. Results. Lower back symptoms were the most prevalent problems among the workers (67.9%). LUBA showed that most assembly workers (94.3%) had experienced considerable and high postural loading (postural load index, PLI > 5). Regression analyses revealed that lighting, rotation, contact stress, repetition, gender and age were factors associated with symptoms. Conclusion. Work-related MSDs occurred at a high rate among workers. Postural loading requires consideration. Any ergonomic intervention should focus on eliminating ergonomic factors associated with symptoms.

Ranking and Investigation of Voice of Customer Index by Applying AHP Method in Local Management of Tehran Metropolis

Strategic look is a necessity rather than a choice in management. Knowledge, deep thinking, all over view, realistic look and mature management all are necessary for such a look. By achieving modern methods, custom oriented organizations and institutes permanently try to find solutions so that by using those solutions they can attract more customs, therefore they declare their decisions to senior authorities regarding their profits and attitudes. Future belongs to organizations that coordinate with new realities and its necessities. By achieving modern methods, customer-oriented organizations and institutes are constantly trying to search for other solutions to inspire more customers so that based on their interests and attitudes, they voice their opinion to the superiors of the organization. Numerous researches all indicate that customers can change the production line. Therefore, organizations and large companies consider “voice of customer” more than before. They are constantly ready to meet customers’ demands. In this paper, we study the voice of customer in the municipilties of Tehran. Fuzzy multiple criteria decision making (FMCDM) is one of the suitable models of ranking the key criteria of the voice of customer. In fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (Fuzzy AHP) and Fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (Fuzzy DEMATAL), we ranked the key criteria of the voice of customer in Iran Telecommunications Manufacturing Companies (ITMC). In methodological and theoretical view, this research had done based on structuralism and historical-creating analysis in macro and guideline levels. This research had done in library- documentary method and qualitative analysis in several ways and its goal is achieving to optimum methodology.

E-business services and business performance: a study of the telecommunications manufacturing industry

The development of information and communication technologies has significantly changed the business interactions as well as created new approaches for improving business performances. While the benefits from this development have been well documented in the literature, it also poses a significant challenge for companies in tracking or further improving e-business services. This article contributes to this body of knowledge by investigating the impact of e-business service dimensions on business performance in the telecommunications manufacturing industry. Based on 121 usable responses from a questionnaire survey of the UK telecommunication manufacturers, structural equation modelling is employed to identify the main e-business service dimensions which affect business performance significantly. The data analysis reveals that two e-business service dimensions significantly influence suppliers’ performance from the buyer's perspective. It also indicates the significant relationships between suppliers’ performance, buyer-perceived buyer–supplier relationship maintenance and the buyer's competitive advantage. The findings in this research not only help the supplier to understand which practices significantly improve its overall performance (as perceived by the buyer), but also assist the buyer in its supplier development efforts to improve its own business performance.

Learning from What Others Have Learned from You: The Effects of Knowledge Spillovers on Originating Firms

Although research suggests knowledge spillovers often benefit imitators at the expense of originators, we investigate how originating firms may also benefit from their own spillovers. When an originating firm's spillovers are recombined with complementary knowledge by recipient firms, a spillover knowledge pool is formed, containing opportunities for the originator to learn vicariously from recipients. In a longitudinal study of 87 telecommunications manufacturers, we found that a firm's rate of innovation and the extent to which these innovations integrate knowledge from the spillover knowledge pool is greater when this pool is larger in size and similar to the firm's knowledge base.

Project Post-mortems Mindless Mismanagement of Agreement

Researchers have described how IS adoptions can be mindful or mindless. This paper first describes the socio-psychological factors associated with mindful or mindless decision making by social actors. A conceptual model based on these factors is proposed to study mindful or mindless behaviours of software team members in (a) the firm-specific postmortems of projects incorporating traditional software development methods and (b) the project reviews on the adoption and use of an Agile approach to software development, which was introduced to address problems with the traditional approach to software development. The setting for the project post-mortems is a large US multinational telecommunications manufacturer based in Ireland. One significant factor that leads to mindless adoption behaviours, and which was identified by this study, is the Abilene Paradox. The findings of this paper illustrate how ineffective management of agreement (as opposed to disagreement) contributes to the existence of this paradox, the consequence of which affects the mindfulness of an adoption and review processes.

Project Post-mortems Mindless Mismanagement of Agreement

Researchers have described how IS adoptions can be mindful or mindless. This paper first describes the socio-psychological factors associated with mindful or mindless decision making by social actors. A conceptual model based on these factors is proposed to study mindful or mindless behaviours of software team members in (a) the firm-specific postmortems of projects incorporating traditional software development methods and (b) the project reviews on the adoption and use of an Agile approach to software development, which was introduced to address problems with the traditional approach to software development. The setting for the project post-mortems is a large US multinational telecommunications manufacturer based in Ireland. One significant factor that leads to mindless adoption behaviours, and which was identified by this study, is the Abilene Paradox. The findings of this paper illustrate how ineffective management of agreement (as opposed to disagreement) contributes to the existence of this paradox, the consequence of which affects the mindfulness of an adoption and review processes.

Corporate governance and technological dynamism of Chinese firms in mobile telecommunications: A quantitative study

This paper sets out two frameworks, one for measuring static and dynamic technological capability in developing countries, one for predicting the effects on this of finance and corporate governance characteristics, and applies them together to Chinese mobile telecommunications manufacturing. Hypotheses on the effect of access to finance, ownership type and other corporate governance factors on capability are generated and tested on survey data for this industry. It is found that ownership type matters, but government's influence over management selection, matters more. Semi-privatised firms with arms-length relationships to government are most dynamic.

Global Knowledge Transfer and Telecommunications: The Bell System in Japan, 1945–1952

This study evaluates the Bell System's role in the revival of Japanese telecommunications during the post-World War II occupation. Civilian and military personnel who had worked for the firm and who served in the Civil Communications Service (CCS) of the Supreme Command Allied Powers represented the primary agents for knowledge transfer to Japan's Ministry of Communications (MOC) and its supporting independent equipment manufacturers. The MOC became a channel for communicating ideas about management practices at the Bell System to the local telecommunications industry. The CCS's actions in Japan represent what Alfred D. Chandler has termed the “integrated learning base” in action in the public sector. The CCS's role in knowledge transfer has been underestimated by many scholars who have focused primarily on its contributions to promoting production and quality engineering in telecommunications manufacturing. Its central achievement was laying the managerial groundwork for the establishment in 1952 of the governmental enterprise Nippon Telegraph and Telephone.

Global Knowledge Transfer and Telecommunications: The Bell System in Japan, 1945–1952

This study evaluates the Bell System's role in the revival of Japanese telecommunications during the post-World War II occupation. Civilian and military personnel who had worked for the firm and who served in the Civil Communications Service (CCS) of the Supreme Command Allied Powers represented the primary agents for knowledge transfer to Japan's Ministry of Communications (MOC) and its supporting independent equipment manufacturers. The MOC became a channel for communicating ideas about management practices at the Bell System to the local telecommunications industry. The CCS's actions in Japan represent what Alfred D. Chandler has termed the “integrated learning base” in action in the public sector. The CCS's role in knowledge transfer has been underestimated by many scholars who have focused primarily on its contributions to promoting production and quality engineering in telecommunications manufacturing. Its central achievement was laying the managerial groundwork for the establishment in 1952 of the governmental enterprise Nippon Telegraph and Telephone.

Introduction to the special issue on telecommunications techno-economics

The growing interest in techno-economics for services and networks has given rise to a number of studies to support strategic decision making by telecommunication operators, service providers, manufacturers, and regulators. The emergence of fourth-generation systems, the fast evolution of Internet technologies as well as the convergence of future wireless and fixed networks challenge the telecommunication community to acquire innovative business concepts via a financial and technology blend. Techno-economics refer to the decision support providing managers and policymakers with early, quantitative information enabling them to arbitrate among a variety of investment projects. This special issue of Netnomics aims to contribute to the key concepts and criteria used by policymakers, network operators, and service providers to evaluate profitability in the telecom and information technology market. The issue hosts original contributions based on presentations given during the 5th Conference on Telecommunication Techno-Economics (CTTE2006) held in Athens, Greece on 8th and 9th of June 2006. The 5th CTTE (http://www. ctte-conference.org/2006/) was dedicated to economics of new telecommunication services and technologies and was the fifth in a series of international conferences/workshops, launched in 1997. Aiming to act as the major international event for the presentation of original and fundamental concepts and studies in the field of telecom techno-economics, it also serves as a forum for