Telecommunications Equipment Manufacturers Research Articles

Economic statecraft by design and by default: The political economy of the 5G-Huawei bans in the United States, United Kingdom and Germany

The ban of Huawei by the United States and European governments from their 5G infrastructure has been described in recent literature as economic statecraft. However, it remains under researched that in these ban decisions the domestic political and economic constellations differed. To address this gap, this study adopts an agency perspective and compares 5G Huawei policies in the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom. While in the United States the ban was unanimously supported by state actors and telecommunication companies and equipment manufacturers, in the United Kingdom and Germany telecommunication companies and (initially also) governments were opposing the ban. There, we also observe interests from governing parliamentarians across political parties representing cyber security interests prevail in the domestic policy making processes over political and economic actors representing economic interests. In line with recent works on the domestic politics of economic statecraft and adopting the method of structured, focused comparison our inductive, theory developing case study reveals that economic statecraft is a dyadic concept between ‘by default’ and ‘by design’. We show that economic statecraft occurs ‘by default’ in the manner that states’ and businesses’ interests align, it happens ‘by design’ in the manner that states’ and businesses’ interests diverge. We contribute to previous literature that theory building on economic statecraft should start before the notions of power and policy preferences by a closer inspection of the domestic interest constellations.

Gamma Scientific Sets High Standards for Light Measurement

Gamma Scientific Sets High Standards for Light Measurement

International alliance formations: The role of brokerage in technology competition networks

International strategic alliances (ISAs) are an important strategic tool for local firms, and management scholars have long been interested in determining their drivers, such as brokerage positions, using social network theory. However, the different types of brokerage positions in competition networks have been underexplored. To fill this knowledge gap, we theorize that the information benefits of a brokerage position in competition networks are constrained, and this may significantly influence the alliance formation of a firm. In studying the U.S. telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry, we observe that as firms enter brokerage positions in competition networks, ISAs, particularly upstream ISAs, become more likely to form. Our findings imply that the properties of competition networks motivate local firms to search for external resources to decipher the codification or tacitness of information access from competitors.

Overseas Expansion and Technological Capabilities: The Case of Chinese Electronics Firms

We analyze the formation of technological capabilities of major Chinese home appliance and consumer electronics manufacturers in comparison to the telecommunication equipment manufacturers and hardware start-ups in the electronics industry. To achieve this, we focus on the external business environment of major home appliance and consumer electronics manufacturers, including the technological gaps between foreign and Chinese firms in the same industry, the possibility of cross-border merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions, and the barriers to starting a business and developing new products. Results suggest that there are a variety of ways to increase the technological capabilities of firms in emerging countries and that there may be an optimal way of doing it, depending on the business environment.

Analysis of modern condition of military radiocommunication system

Aim of the article is to conduct an analysis of military communications systems that were used in the area of conducting antiterrorist operation in theDonetsk and Lugansk regions. The article analyzes the modern facilities of military communication, namely: military radiocommunication systems, military satellite communication systems, military systems of radio relay and tropospheric communication. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of communication are considered, the causes of their occurrence were considered, and the ways of solving these reasons in the future were substantiated. An analysis of the main technical characteristics of military communication systems, opportunities, advantages and disadvantages has been conducted. The perspectives for the development of military communication systems have been determined on the basis of the analysis of the military facilities of communication used in the article, which are used in the region of the antiterrorist operation in theDonetsk and Lugansk regions. To eliminate the problematic issues mentioned in the article, the authors of the article are proposing to launch their own military satellite for the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine; To develop new models of military communication; To conduct deep modernization of the existing radio stations, command-staff cars, radio relay and tropospheric stations; To integrate telecommunications equipment adopted in the last years into a single information space of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as well as to reach agreement with representatives of leading telecommunication equipment manufacturers regarding the transfer of technologies and deployment of production in the territory of Ukraine.

The Design of Feature‐Limited Demonstration Software: Choosing the Right Features to Include

Today, software supports many important tasks in a variety of industries. In the specialized nature of these environments, a common problem faced by software vendors is to correctly signal the true value of a software product to the end users. For example, telecommunications equipment manufacturers design complex software for important functions like provisioning new users in the network. These software products automate various functions that would otherwise need to be done manually. In order to enable potential customers—telecommunications providers—to evaluate and recognize the full value of the product, equipment vendors often provide a free, feature‐limited version of the product to the customer. As the specific features included in the feature‐limited version influence whether the full product is purchased or not, it is essential that the features included in the feature‐limited version be selected judiciously. While the importance of identifying the best set of features has been well recognized, there has been little research to date that systematically addresses this fundamental business decision. This study fills this gap in the literature by providing an objective approach to the design of demonstration software. We illustrate the benefits of our approach through a case study involving the design of a feature‐limited demo for a wireless telecommunications equipment manufacturer.

Does Higher Productivity Dispersion Imply Greater Misallocation? A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis

Recent research maintains that the observed variation in productivity within industries reflects resource misallocation and concludes that large GDP gains may be obtained from market-liberalizing polices. Our theoretical analysis examines the impact on productivity dispersion of reallocation frictions in the form of costs of entry, operation, and restructuring, and shows that reforms reducing these frictions may raise dispersion of productivity across firms. The model does not imply a negative relationship between aggregate productivity and productivity dispersion. Our empirical analysis focuses on episodes of liberalizing policy reforms in the U.S. and six East European transition economies. Deregulation of U.S. telecommunications equipment manufacturing is associated with increased, not reduced, productivity dispersion, and every transition economy in our sample shows a sharp rise in dispersion after liberalization. Productivity dispersion under central planning is similar to that in the U.S., and it rises faster in countries adopting faster paces of liberalization. Lagged productivity dispersion predicts higher future productivity growth. The analysis suggests there is no simple relationship between the policy environment and productivity dispersion.

외부 자원 활용 전략과 흡수능력이 중소기업 성과에 미치는 영향: 전자부품, 통신 장비 업체를 대상으로

외부 자원 활용 전략과 흡수능력이 중소기업 성과에 미치는 영향: 전자부품, 통신 장비 업체를 대상으로

Corporate venture capital portfolios and firm innovation

This study examines the conditions under which portfolios of corporate venture capital (CVC) relationships influence corporate investor innovation performance. We investigate this question using longitudinal data on CVC investment portfolios of 40 telecommunications equipment manufacturers. We find an inverted U-shaped effect of portfolio diversity on corporate investor innovation performance. We also find that the effect of diversity depends on the depth of knowledge resources available in the portfolio. These results contribute to the interorganizational learning, corporate venture capital and open innovation literatures by showing how the breadth and depth of knowledge resources available in a portfolio of external partnerships with young ventures interact to influence firm innovation.

Tactical Inventory Planning at Alcatel-Lucent’s Repair and Exchange Services

Alcatel-Lucent, a major telecommunications equipment manufacturer, provides equipment, solutions, and services to customers worldwide. Post-sales support services are a growing business segment for the company, and require significant investment in spare parts. The inventory investment constitutes a considerable portion of the total cost of providing post-sales support services for new customer contracts; it is also an important element in estimating new contract offerings and evaluating and redesigning business processes that affect inventories. Because of Alcatel-Lucent’s two-echelon supply chain structure, inventory sizing for post-sales support services is a complicated task that spreadsheet applications cannot handle adequately. Thus, the company’s repair and exchange services (RES) group needed a fast, user-friendly, and generic software solution with advanced analytic capabilities to support its business tendering and evaluation processes. To meet this requirement, we developed the tactical inventory planning tool, which uses stochastic modeling and optimization algorithms, for this purpose. Although the tool’s primary function is to support the RES business tendering process, it has also been useful in other business analysis because of its generic nature.

When do firms rely on their knowledge spillover recipients for guidance in exploring unfamiliar knowledge?

Knowledge spillover occurs when recipient firms combine the knowledge of an originating firm with other knowledge. When recipient firms combine the originating firm's knowledge with knowledge that is unfamiliar to the originating firm, the recipient firms potentially provide insight to the originating firm on the viability of exploring such knowledge. By mimicking its recipient firms, the originating firm reduces the challenge and uncertainty of exploring unfamiliar knowledge domains. We examine the exploration activities of 87 telecommunications equipment manufacturers over a ten-year time period. We argue that those firms that operate in competitive and dynamic market environments promoting conservative risk-taking behavior will value such uncertainty reduction more highly and thus rely to a greater extent on their recipient firms for guidance on where to explore for new expertise. In contrast, firms in high-growth market environments are more likely to look beyond the activities of recipient firms when exploring new technological domains and rely less on mimicking their recipient firms.

A CASE STUDY ON NUTEK INDIA LIMITED, REGARDING DEEP FALL IN SHARE PRICE

ABSTRACTManipulating the security price is an act of artificially inflating or deflating the price of a security. Generally, manipulation is defined as a series of transactions designed to raise or lower a price of a security or to give the appearance of trading for the purpose of inducing others to buy or sell. In essence, a manipulation is intentional interference with the free forces of supply and demand. In this paper we have tried to study the reasons behind drastic fall in share price of Nutek India Limited.Keywords: NTIL, Nutek, Price Manipulation, GDR, SEBI.1. INTRODUCTION:NTIL is a telecom infrastructure services company providing rollout solutions for both fixed and wireless telecom networks. NTIL provides expertise in turnkey site build, active equipment implementations, operations & maintenance and technical support services. The company's core expertise lies in the breadth of services it offers in the telecom infrastructure space. It offers services to telecommunication equipment manufacturers, telecom operators as well as third party infrastructure leasing companies in installing and maintaining telecom network equipment & Infrastructure. NTIL is also involved in creation of In-building networks for the Wireless and Data Applications. Its client list constitutes all the prominent players in the telecom industry that includes Third Party Infrastructure Leasing Companies (like Indus Towers, Quippo, WTTIL), Telecom operators (like Airtel, Vodafone, Idia, Reliance Communications, Aircel) and Telecom Equipment Manufacturers (like Ericsson, Nokia Siemens Network, Huawei, ZTE, Motorola)[16].2. FACTS:The share was listed at 192 rupees with FV 10 on 27th August 2008. In the mean time, splitted the FV to 5.00 (on 23rd December, 2009). The price of share fallen drastically from IPO listing price, Rs 192 to all time low of Rs 0.65 in BSE[12] and Rs 0.70 in NSE[13] on 25th Nov 2011. The book value of the share is Rs. 32.3. FACTORS:Following are some factors which could be the predictors to detect the factual reason of drastic downfall in the stock price.(i) Price Manipulation by Operators:The bulk/block deals data is given below (Table 2) from NSE[13] since beginning of IPO and for the past one year from BSE[12]. Upon carefully analyzing the data, it is evident that following traders/individuals might have deliberately attempted to manipulate the share price while trading.(ii) GDR Dumping:In the process total share capital increased by 12 cr and money close to Rs 316 Cr was raised by the company. During first GDR proceed, GDRs seem to have been issued at discounted prices in comparison to Indian market price, whereas the second GDR proceed looks to have been issued on par with the then market price.Money raised through GDRs at an average price close to Rs 30 per share. Total GDRs raised were 12 Cr share equivalents. Then price started falling down and ultimately saw its bottom at 65 paise on 25th Nov 2011.Price was manipulated downward while GDRs were being dumped in to the market. On 2nd Nov 2011, only 16.76% of GDRs were there with the custodians. Shares available at dirt cheap prices were accumulated and being converted to GDRs now. From 2nd Nov till date, GDRs with custodians has increased from close to 17% to 61%. GDR data as updated on 15th March 2012, it has increased from 52.07% to 61% of total share capital. In terms of total GDRs, it is 78.58%. Current share equivalent of GDRs is 9,429,951 out of 12 Cr total GDRs raised and against total share capital of 15,45,18,600. Without any surprise, the latest GDR holding is 61%, The detail are shown in Table 4 below:According to Table 3 & 4, one can predict that GDRs were dumped at higher levels and bought back at dirt cheap prices. Now the question arises: Why does a GDR share holder sell at price less than the buying price and why does he again try to buy at much lower levels? …

Sectoral role change in transition China: a network analysis from 1990 to 2005

In this article, by using the data collected from input–output table, we conduct a detailed investigation on the evolution pattern during economy development of China from 1990 to 2005. By using network analysis at national, cluster and individual level, we find some interesting insights, also in order to identify the difference between cluster levels, we proposed a cluster centralization method to analyse the role of the cluster in the network. This study shows that during the transition process of China, there exist some similarity and differences in each selected time. Each period studied have some similar distributions of key sectors, including the cores, i.e. chemical industry, nonmetallic mineral products, construction, business. However, significant differences also exists, for example, the 2005 system is characterized as higher degrees of systemic connection and hierarchy, while the 1990s system has looser density and less centralization. Additionally, the high tech clusters (i.e. electronics and instruments) including high tech industry (i.e. electronics and telecommunications equipment manufacturers) has played a much more important role in 2005 than that in early 1990s. Also the high tech cluster and service cluster have contributed a lot to the transition and development of the whole country, the results also confirm that some theory concluded from developed country can also applied to developing economies such as China.

A Longitudinal Study of the Influence of Alliance Network Structure and Composition on Firm Exploratory Innovation

This study examines the influence of the structure and composition of a firm’s alliance network on its exploratory innovation. In a longitudinal investigation of 77 telecommunications equipment manufacturers, I find the technological diversity of a firm’s alliance partners increases its exploratory innovation. I also find that network density among a firm’s alliance partners strengthens the influence of diversity. These results suggest the benefits of network closure and access to diverse information can coexist in a firm’s alliance network and the combination of the two increases exploratory innovation.

Huawei Technologies Corporation: from local dominance to global challenge?

PurposeThe paper aims to identify the challenges faced by Huawei Technologies, China's biggest telecommunications equipment manufacturer, as it makes the transition from an indigenously‐owned business to a potentially competitive global giant.Design/methodology/approachThis is an inductive, interpretative case study complimented by hands‐on experience with the industry.FindingsThe paper finds that Huawei lies at a crossroads in a transitional telecommunication sector that is no longer isolated from global reforms and advancement. Through internationalisation the company has learned to compete by adjusting their mechanisms, learning instruments and focus.Originality/valueThe paper is useful for practitioners in that it shows how indigenous companies in latecomer industrialising countries like China can overcome the late mover position in some of the advanced markets they have entered. For academics it highlights the role of government in helping to construct competitive indigenous firms that could take on global giants.

女性の静止立位作業による血圧低下の実態調査

The "Just-in-Time system" improves productivity and efficiency through cost reduction while it makes workers work in a standing posture. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of postural hypotension in females during prolonged standing work, and to discuss preventive methods. Twelve female static standing workers (mean age+/-standard deviation; 32+/-14 yr old), 6 male static standing workers (30+/-4 yr old), 10 female walking workers (27+/-7 yr old) and 9 female desk workers (31+/-5 yr old) in a certain telecommunications equipment manufacturing factory agreed to participate in this study. All participants received an interview with an occupational physician, and performed the standing up test before working and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) while working. Although the blood pressure of the standing up test did not differ among the groups, mean pulse rates on standing up significantly increased in every group. Hypotension rates in the female standing workers' group by ABPM were 9 persons of 12 participants (75%) for systolic blood pressure (SBP), and were 11 persons of 12 participants (92%) for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). There were significantly higher than those in the female desk workers' group, none of 9 participants (0%) for SBP and 2 of 9 participants (22%) for DBP. The hypotension rates both male standing and female walking worker groups did not differ. Because all 8 workers who were found to have postural hypotension by the standing up test had decreased SBP and/or DBP by ABPM, it is suggested that persons at high risk of postural hypotension during standing work could be screened by the standing up test. The mechanism of postural hypotension may be a decrease of venous return due to leg swelling, and neurocardiogenic or vasovagal response. Preventing the congestion of the lower limbs by walking, managing standing time and wearing elastic hose to keep the amount of the venous return could prevent postural hypotension during prolonged standing work.

Knowledge Creation Through External Venturing: Evidence from the Telecommunications Equipment Manufacturing Industry

Investment in entrepreneurial ventures has gained recent popularity as a means for established firms to learn about new technologies and markets. However, the link between such corporate venture capital (CVC) investments and innovation outcomes has not been examined in detail. Using panel data from corporate investors in telecommunications equipment manufacturing, we investigated the conditions under which CVC investments affect knowledge creation for corporate investors. We found that, when investor involvement is low, number of CVC investments has an inverted U-shaped relationship with innovation performance. However, when investor involvement is high, the relationship reverses, and an increase in investments boosts innovation.

Collaboration planning in a supply chain

PurposeTo analyze how e‐collaboration tools affect different partners along the supply chain, and to categorize firms according to their level of collaboration planning within a supply chain environment.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a field study, which focuses on one large telecommunications equipment manufacturer and a few strategic first‐tier suppliers, provides the basis to fully understand the e‐collaboration methods and the various issues and concerns of the different members of the supply chain. It is followed by an electronic survey conducted with 53 firms worldwide acting in the same supply chain, which constitutes the second phase of the study.FindingsDifferent roles may be attributed to collaboration tools such as facilitating access to information, which affects knowledge creation capabilities, and assisting in the design of flexible supply chains. Furthermore, three separate groups with different levels and types of collaboration planning were identified. These groups appropriately represent the telecommunications equipment supply chain, where firms are either deeply involved in supply chain collaboration or very minimally concerned by it.Research limitations/implicationsBy focusing on the initial stage of CPFR, we might overlook some important links with the other two stages of CPFR. However, with a more focused approach, we were able to obtain detailed information on the collaborative planning stage. A second limitation is the selection of one specific supply chain, which makes the generalization to other supply chains difficult.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the role of CPFR in their supply chain and, more importantly, the role of collaboration planning in developing a network of partners.Originality/valueThis paper looks at how collaboration is planned, through CPFR actions, between members of a supply chain.

The evolution of China's telecommunications equipment market: a contextual, analytical framework

PurposeAims to provide the contextual framework for local and foreign manufacturers in assessing the market potential of China's telecommunications equipment market, including an analysis of contemporary economic, political and historical issues.Design/methodology/approachThis is an inductive, interpretative case study.FindingsHistory matters in the evolution of China's telecommunications market especially given its concern over maintaining control of a strategic interest, as well as the protection of vested interests within the state‐controlled economy.Originality/valueTo practitioners: the importance of research, vis‐a`‐vis interpretation and argument, in assessing market potential in a high‐technology market. To academics: the role of government in the value chain and network especially when they have controlling stakes, as is the case here with China's telecommunications equipment manufacturers and operators.

Technological assets accumulation and organisational structure in Spanish telecommunications equipment manufacturing companies: a case study

The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between organisational structure and the accumulation of technological assets in Spanish telecommunications equipment manufacturing companies. In order to do this, the methods of asset acquisition have been analysed and a model presented which enables us to evaluate: the availability of technological assets (asset endowment), and the degree to which they are utilised by the organisation (asset leverage). Following this, the effect of the parameters that define the organisational structure on the endowment and leverage of assets within the R&D departments has been studied. Five companies in this sector were analysed over the period 1996-2000.